Faculty Name: M.

Venkatarathnam
DELD Kohavi
D:Digital Morris Mano
A.P. Godse
D.A. Godse
E:Electronics
L:Logic

D:Design
Digital Electronics & Logic Design
Introduction to the Subject &Need of the Subject.
Subject contains
Unit-1: Number System & Boolean Algebra.

Unit-2: Combinational Logic Circuits

Unit-3: Sequential Logic Circuits-2
Unit-4: Programmable Devices

Unit-5: Digital Logic Families

 Unit-1
Number System & Boolean Algebra.
 Number System
 Boolean Algebra.

 Minimization of Boolean Functions.

 Number System

Def: Number system is a basic for counting

Various items
Types of Number System
Decimal Number System
Binary Number System
Octal Number System
Hexa-decimal Number System
 Types of Number System
Used by Used in
System Base Symbols humans? computers?

Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No

Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes

Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No

Hexa- 16 0, 1, … 9, No No
decimal A, B, … F
 Quantities/Counting (1 of 2)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
(8421)
0 0000 0 0
1 0001 1 1
2 0010 2 2
3 0011 3 3
4 0100 4 4
5 0101 5 5
6 0110 6 6
7 0111 7 7
 Quantities/Counting (2 of 2)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
(8421)
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Conversion Among Bases
• The possibilities:

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Quick Example

Convert 2510 in to Base2,Base8

&Base16.
Binary to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Decimal

• Technique
Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the
“weight” of the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting
from 0 on the right
Add the results
 Bit “0”
Example

1010112 => 1 x 20
= 1
1 x 2 1
= 2
0 x 2 2
= 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 2 4
= 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Example
1000102to Base 10
1000102 => 0 x 20 = 0
1 x
21 = 2
0 x
22 = 0
0 x
23 = 0
 Example
• Binary to decimal

10.1011 => 1 x 2-4 = 0.0625

1 x 2-3 = 0.125
0 x 2-2 = 0.0
1 x 2-1 = 0.5
0 x 20 = 0.0
1 x 21 = 2.0
2.6875
 Assignment problems

Convert the following binary numbers to Base10

1) 11102to Base 10
2) 110012to Base 10
3) 11011.12to Base 10
 Octal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Decimal
• Technique
– Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the
“weight” of the bit
– The weight is the position of the bit,
starting from 0 on the right
– Add the results
Example

7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 8 = 16
1

7 x 82 = 448
46810
Example

4328 To Base 10
2 x 8 =
0
2
3 x 81 = 24
4 x 8 =
2
256
28210
 Assignment problems

Convert the following octal numbers to Base10

4) 4057.068to Base 10
Hexadecimal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary
Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
• Technique
–Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is
the “weight” of the bit
–The weight is the position of the bit,
starting from 0 on the right
–Add the results
Example

ABC16 => C x 160=12 x1 = 12

B x 161 =11x16= 176
A x 162=10x256= 2560
274810
 Example

A5D16 to Base 10

D x 160 =13 x1 = 13
5 x 161 = 5x16 = 80
A x 162=10x256 = 2560
265310
 Assignment problems

Convert the following numbers to Base10

5) A0F9.0EB16to Base 10
Decimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Conversion of Decimal number to any Radix number.

Successive division for integer part conversion

Successive multiplication for fractional part conversion

Decimal to Binary

• Technique
–Divide by two, keep track of the
remainder
–First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-
significant bit)
–Second remainder is bit 1
–Etc.
Example
12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1

2 31 0
15 1
2
7 1
2
2 3 1

2 1 1
0 1

12510 = 11111012
 Example
• Decimal to binary .14579
x 2
3.14579 0.29158
x 2
0.58316
x 2
1.16632
x 2
0.33264
x 2
0.66528
x 2
1.33056
11.001001... etc.
 Assignment problems

Convert the following numbers to Base2

6) 12.12510to Base 2
Decimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Octal
• Technique

–Divide by 8
–Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?8
8 1234
154 2
8
19 2
8
2 3
8
0 2

123410 = 23228
 Assignment Problem

7) Convert 658.82510 = ?8
Decimal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal

• Technique
– Divide by 16
– Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?16
16 1234
16 77 2

16 4 13 = D
0 4

123410 = 4D216
Assignment problem

8) 5386.34510 = ?16
Octal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Octal to Binary
• Technique

–Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit

equivalent binary representation
 Example

7058 = ?2

7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012
 Example

2148 = ?2

2 1 4

010 001 100

2148 = 0100011002
 Example
125.628 = ?2

1 2 5 . 6 2

001 010 101 . 110 010

125.628 = 001010101.1100102
Assignment problem

9) 367.528 = ?2
Hexadecimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Hexadecimal to Binary
• Technique

– Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit

equivalent binary representation
 Example

10AF16 = ?2

1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
 Example

3A9E.B0D16 = ?2
3 A 9 E . B 0 D

0011 1010 1001 1110 . 1011 0000 1101

3A9E.B0D16 =
0011101010011110.1011000011012
Assignment problem

10) 4BAC16 = ?2
 Binary to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Binary to Octal
• Technique
– Group bits in threes, starting on right
– Convert to octal digits
 Example

10110101112 = ?8
1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7

10110101112 = 13278
 Assignment problem

11) 110101.1010102 = ?8

12) 10101111001.01112 = ?8
Binary to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Binary to Hexadecimal
• Technique
– Group bits in fours, starting on right
– Convert to hexadecimal digits
 Example

10101110112 = ?16
10 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16
 Assignment problem
13) 01011111011.0111112 =?16
Octal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Octal to Hexadecimal
• Technique
– Use binary as an intermediary
 Example

10768 = ?16
1 0 7 6

001 000 111 110

2 3 E

10768 = 23E16
 Example
10768 = ?16
1 0 7 6

001 000 111 110

2 3 E

10768 = 23E16
 Assignment problem

14) 756.6038 = ?16

Hexadecimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Hexadecimal to Octal
• Technique
– Use binary as an intermediary
 Example
1F0C16 = ?8

1 F 0 C

0001 1111 0000 1100

1 7 4 1 4

1F0C16 = 174148
 Assignment problem

15) BC66.AF16 = ?8