COURSE DETAILS:

Course Name: Anatomy-I

Course Code: BMS02101
 Credit hours: 4(3-1)

Instructor:
Dr. Arooj Hanif, PT
UIPT,UOL
  TOPIC OF LECTURE:
 Synovial Joints.
 Learning Objectives:
 Students would be able to learn:

 Definitions of Synovial Joints.

 Synovial Fluid.
 Joint Capsule.
 Types of Synovial joint.
 Movements of Synovial joint.
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
 Synovial Joints

A synovial joint, also known as

diarthrosis, joins bones or cartilage with a
fibrous joint capsule that is continuous
with the periosteum of the joined bones,
constitutes the outer boundary of
a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones
articulating surfaces.
 Synovial Fluid

Slippery fluid that fills the joint

cavity.
Has a viscous, egg white consistency.
Reduces friction between the
cartilages (bones).
Helps with shock absorption.
Provides nutrients.
 Joint Capsule

The joint capsule is made up of :

Outer Layer:
The articular capsule, which keeps the
bones together structurally.
Inner Layer:
The synovial membrane, which seals in
the synovial fluid.
 Types of Synovial Joints
Plane Joints

Hinge Joints

Pivot Joints

Condyloid Joints

Saddle Joints

Ball and Socket Joints

 PLANE JOINTS

Plane joints have bones with articulating

surfaces that are flat or slightly curved
faces. These joints allow for gliding
movements, and so the joints are
sometimes referred to as gliding joints.
 HINGE JOINT
In Hinge joints, the slightly rounded end
of one bone fits into the slightly hollow
end of the other bone. In this way, one
bone moves while the other remains
stationary, like the hinge of a door. The
elbow is an example of a hinge joint.
 PIVOT JOINT
Pivot joints consist of the rounded end of one
bone fitting into a ring formed by the other
bone. This structure allows rotational
movement. An example of a pivot joint is the
joint of the first and second vertebrae of the
neck that allows the head to move back and
forth.
 CONDYLOID JOINT

Condyloid joints consist of an oval-shaped end of

one bone fitting into a similarly oval-shaped
hollow of another bone. This type of joint allows
angular movement along two axes, as seen in the
joints of the wrist and fingers, which can move
both side to side and up and down.
 SADDLE JOINT

Saddle joints are so named because the ends

of each bone resemble a saddle, with
concave and convex portions that fit
together. Saddle joints allow angular
movements similar to condyloid joints but
with a greater range of motion.
 BALL AND SOCKET JOINT

Ball-and-socket joints possess a rounded,

ball-like end of one bone fitting into a
cuplike socket of another bone. This
organization allows the greatest range of
motion, as all movement types are possible
in all directions.
MOVEMENT AT SYNOVIAL
JOINTS

Gliding Angular

Rotationa
Special
l
 GLIDING MOVEMENTS
Gliding movements occur as relatively flat
bone surfaces move past each other.
Gliding movements produce very little
rotation or angular movement of the bones.
The joints of the carpal and tarsal bones are
examples of joints that produce gliding
movements.
 ANGULAR MOVEMENTS
Angular movements are produced when
the angle between the bones of a joint
changes. There are several different types
of angular movements, including flexion,
extension, hyperextension, abduction,
adduction, and circumduction.
 ROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS
Rotational movement is the movement of
a bone as it rotates around its longitudinal
axis. Rotation can be toward the midline of
the body, which is referred to as medial
rotation, or away from the midline of the
body, which is referred to as lateral
rotation.
 SPECIAL MOVEMENTS

Some movements that cannot be classified

as gliding, angular, or rotational are called
special movements.
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS (Contd.)
Inversion

Eversion

Protraction

Retraction
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS (Contd.)

Elevation
Depression
Dorsiflexion
Supination
Pronation
Opposition
 Video link

https://youtu.be/GyphG4Z9h6c
 MCQ’S QUESTIONS
1. All combinations of angular movements are called:
(a) Angular rotations
(b) Circumduction
(c) External rotation
2.Synovial Joints are :
(a) Less freely moveable
(b) More freely moveable
(c) Freely moveable
3. Moving away” is called:
(a) Abduction
(b) Adduction
(c) Flexion
4. The ----- and ------ contain ball-and-socket joints:
(a) Knee, Elbow
(b) Hip, Shoulder
(c) Hip, knee
5. How many------ main types of movable joints are:
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
MCQ’s Answer’s Key

1st (b)

2nd (b)

3rd (a)

4th (b)

5th (b)
 SCQ’S

Question:
Describes the types of synovial
joints?
  Learning Outcomes:

 Every student would be able to describe the definition of

Synovial joint ,Synovial fluid and joint capsule.

 Every student will be explain the types of synovial joint,

movements of synovial joint & special movements.

 Every student will be analyze and synthesis their

knowledge and skills to create effective anatomy
teaching and learning tools.
References:
A Textbook of (Atlas of Human
Anatomy) 5th Edition by Frank
H. Netter, MD.
Textbook of (Clinical Anatomy by
Regions 9th Edition) Richard
Snell, MD, PhD.

07/14/2024 35