ELECTRICAL SAFETY

BY
P.K.PRADHAN
G.M.(E)

SHRI MAHAVIR FERRO ALLOYS

KALUNGA
MAJOR FACTORS OF AN ACCIDENT

1. UNSAFE CONDITION
2. UNSAFE PRACTICE
3. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
4. OVER CONFIDENCE
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
SAFETY OF HUMAN FROM ELECTRIC
CURRENT.
ELECTRIC CURRENT: FLOW OF ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY: CONSISTS OF VOLTAGE &
CURRENT.
CURRENT : VOLTAGE / RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE : OPPOSES FLOW OF CURRENT
HUMAN BODY RESISTANCE:
DRY SKIN : 1,00,000 – 6,00,000 OHMS
WET SKIN : 600 – 1,000 OHMS.
ELECTRIC SHOCK:
WE GET ELECTRIC SHOCK
WHEN CURRENT PASSES
THROUGH OUR BODY.
PATH OF CURRENT:
1. LINE TO EARTH
2. LINE TO LINE
MAJOR FACTORS OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

1. AMPLITUDE OF CURRENT
2. SUPPLY SYSTEM: AC / DC
3. PATH OF CURRENT
4. VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY
5. DURATION OF CONTACT
EFFECTS OF CURRENT
DC(MA) AC(MA) EFFECT
0–5 0–1 NO SENSATION
6 – 55 1–8 MILD SHOCK (TINGLING EFFECT)
60–80 9–15 PAINFUL SHOCK
(HAND UNABLE TO RELEASE)

80–100 16–20 SOME LOSS OF MUSCULAR

CONTROL.
110–350 20–45 SEVERE SHOCK ( LOSS OF
MUSCULAR CONTROL)
440–800 50–100 POSSIBLE HEAT FAILURE
( VENTRICULAR FIBRILATION)
> 800 >100 USUALLY FATAL
DURATION OF CONTACT
HUMAN BODY CAN TOLERATE:
65 VOLTS(AC) FOR 10 SECONDS
250 VOLTS(AC) FOR 100 MILLI SECONDS

EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC SHOCK:

1. THERMAL EFFECT : BURN
2. MECHANICAL EFFECT : WOUND
3. CHEMICAL EFFECT : UNCONSCIOUSNESS.

JOULE’S BURN :
BURNING OF TISSUES DUE TO DIRECT PASSAGE OF
CURRENT.
FLASH OVER BURN:
WHEN BODY IS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO ELECTRICAL FLASH
OVER.
CHEMICAL EFFECT
MUSCULAR CONTRACTION:
INVOLUNTARY GRIPPING OF LIVE WIRE
UNCONSCIOUS: NON SUPPLY OF
OXYGEN TO BRAIN
BLOOD CIRCULATION STOPS.
BLOOD CELLS BECOME INACTIVE.
SAFE WORKING VOLTAGE:
65 VOLTS (AC) AT 50 HZ
110 VOLTS(DC)
IMMEDIATE ACTION DURING AN
ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT:
1. SWITCH OFF POWER
2. ISOLATE THE VICTIM
3. GIVE FIRST AID
4. SEND HOSPITAL, IF MAJOR
What is Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)?

 An MCB or miniature circuit breaker is an

electromagnetic device that embodies
complete enclosure in a molded insulating
material.
 Type B devices are generally suitable for
domestic applications. They may also be used
in light commercial applications where
switching surges are low or non-existent.
 Type C devices are the normal choice for

commercial and industrial applications where

some degree of electrical inrush is expected.
 Type D devices have more limited

applications, normally in industrial use where

high inrush currents may be expected.
DOMESTIC INSTALLATIONS & IE
RULES,1956
 MAIN SWITCH & CUTOUT AT THE ENTRANCE.
 EARTHING ELECTRODES- 40MM DIA GI PIPE & 2.5
METER LENGTH.
 EARTHING WIRE – 14 SWG.
 EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER AT THE
INCOMING POWER SUPPLY.
 METALLIC BODY OF ALL ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
MUST BE EARTHED.
 ELECTRICAL OUTLETS IN KITCHEN NOT TO BE
LOCATED ABOVE GAS STOVE.
 ALL SOCKETS MUST BE CONNECTED THROUGH
SWITCHES.
 ALL PLUG SOCKETS : 3 PIN & 3RD PIN EARTHED.
 DOMESTIC IE RULE 1956

 LIFE OF DOMESTIC WIRING : 25 YEARS.

 CLEARANCE OF CEILING FAN FROM BOTTOM

MOST POINT : 2.75 METERS.

 MINIMUM HORIZONTAL CLEARANCE OF BUILDING

ACCESSABLE POINT OF LT LINE : 1.2 METERS.

 MINIMUM VERTICAL DISTANCE FROM LT/MV LINES

PASSING OVERHEAD : 2.5 METERS.

DOMESTIC IE RULE-1956

 ALL SWITCHES MUST BE CONNECTED

THROUGH PHASE WIRE.
 ELECTRICAL OUTLETS IN BATH ROOM
SHALL BE AWAY FROM SHOWER & SINK.
 WIRING IN KITCHEN PREFERABLY DONE
THROUGH METALLIC CONDUIT.
 SWITCHES SHALL BE LOCATED OUTSIDE THE
KITCHEN.
 PERIODIC TESTING OF EARTHING
ELECTRODE.
 USE OF PROPER INSULATING TOOLS.

 USE OF ISI MARKED ELECTRICAL

APPLIANCES.
EARTHING: EFFECTIVELY CONNECTING A
CONDUCTOR OR A
METALLIC BODY OF AN
EQUIPMENT WITH GENERAL
MASS OF THE EARTH.1.
DOUBLE EARTHING SYSTEM
CONNECTION OF TWO EARTHING
CABLES TO TWO DIFFERENT
POINTS OF THE M/C.
EARTH PIT RESISTANCE:
LT ≤ 2 TO 5 OHM
HT ≤ 5 OHM.
ELECTRONIC CKT ≤ 1 OHM
EARTH TO NEUTRAL = 6 V MAX.
SYSTEM GROUNDING:

STAR POINT OF POWER

TRANSFORMER TO GROUND.

EQUIPMENT GROUNDING:
M/C BODY TO GROUND.
SYSTEM EARTHING
EQUIPMENT EARTHING
ELCB
 ELECTRICITY
IS
A VERY GOOD SLAVE
BUT
VERY BAD MASTER