FOUNDATION IN Roy Adrian M.

INFORMATION Salares
roy.salares@usjr.e
du.ph
INTRODUCTION TO IT:
A DEFINITION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) is a
technology which uses computers to gather, process,
store, protect, and transmit, and manipulate data or
information
Information and communications technology (ICT)
is an extensional term for information technology (IT)
that stresses the role of unified
communications and the integration of
telecommunications and computers, as well as
necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and
COMPONENT
The term information and communications
technology (ICT) is a generally accepted to mean
all technologies that, combined, allow people and

S OF ICT
Software as a Service
organizations to interact in the digital world
Operating
(SaaS) Platform as a Systems
Service (PaaS) Desktop and Web
Infrastructure as a Service Apps Utility
(IaaS) Software
Internet Service PCs, Laptops, Tablets,
Providers Network smart phones Internet of
Infrastructure Things
Communication Servers/Server Farms
Channels

Personal Banking and

Data/Preferences Finance
Spending Habits Reservations
Itinera B2B , B2C
ry Credit/Debit
Card Info Messenger, Emails, SMS,
 COMPUTER is the collection of physical parts of a
computer system
HARDWARE

Input Processing Output

Devices Unit Devices

A computer is an electronic device

that can receive a set of instructions,
or program, and then carry out this
program by performing calculations
on numerical data or by manipulating Storage Peripheral
other forms of information. It has four Devices Devices
basic operations: input, process,
 Uses microprocessor technology to input,
MICROCOM manipulate, store, and output data. Two
Classifications: Personal computers,
Portable Computers
PUTERS

Desktop Handheld Computers Netbook Media Tablet Notebook/

computers
Small enough to fit Computers
The smallest, also Similar to laptops, Centers
Blur the line PC
A type of Laptop
Portable
on top of a desk yet known as palm but smaller, between notebook and
too big to carry computers lighter, and less desktop computer that lightwei
around expensive computers and accept ght
dedicated handwriting computer
entertainment s
devices
 Computers vary widely in size, speed, and

OTHER TYPES OF ability. They may

be grouped into four categories: (1)
microcomputers, (2)
mainframes, (3) dedicated computers, and

COMPUTERS (4) embedded computers

Dedicated
Computers
Special-purpose
machine that
include video
game units and
Mainfra Minicompu Supercompute word processors
Embedded
mes computers
(a)Fastest (a) ters Mid-sized rs Computers
Control units
and uses the largest computer (b) its size (a) Referred to as the that are built
storage systems (b)Can and power lies “fastest into the devices
solve more complex between
computers
work(c)
stations
it mainframes” (b) most they control.
problems and handle andismainframe
a powerful, and most Virtually all
information than can any other multiprocessing
more
category of capable of expensive computers embedded
system that is
computer. supporting 4 to (c) used for major computers are
(c)Expensive about 200 users projects such as single
simultaneously aircraft design, study microprocessors
 COMPUTER
OPERATIONS PROCESSING: A computer
performs operations on the data
to transform it in some way.

OUTPUT: A computer
produces output that
shows the result of the
processing operations
which can be displayed
INPUT: A computer accepts
through a monitor
data that is provided by
(SOFT COPY) or
means of an input device
printed (HARD COPY).
STORAGE: A
computer stores the
results of processing
operations that can be
 INPUT Input devices are devices that send data to a
computer, allowing the user to interact with and
control the computer.
DEVICES

Keyboar Point Microph Scanner Card

ds & & Draw one s & Reader
Terminal Devices Camera
Keyboard and Point and draw devices Microphones are used Scanners reads images and A card reader
s
Terminals are used to are used to input sound that is s data from
reads
converts it into a card-shaped storage
enter characters and to enter spatial data, then stored in a digital digital file Cameras medium
functions into the common gestures are form are used to take
computer system by point and click and pictures digitally
 The system unit is the core of a computer
SYSTEM responsible for processing and storing data and
controls all computer functions. The system

UNIT
unit works with the computer peripheral devices.

Process Motherboard Power Supply Data Case, Case Fans &

or or Unit & Cabl other
or known as the
Popularly Main Circuit
The largest board Connectors
Supplies power es that
Data cable Cooling
A computer System
case is
CPUof the
“brain Board
of a computer motherboard,
to the the provides the enclosure that
computer.” Contains system that uses drives,also,
and normally, devices contains
(e.g. hard disk drive
communication the unit
to system
tiny electrical paths to connect
the Central Processing each component that helps assist in the components
between which
motherboa also includes case
unit and its cache of the
contains a fan task of cooling the rd) fans used for
memory, both working computer computer active cooling
 OUTPUT
An output device translates bits and bytes into a
form a computer user can understand.

DEVICES

Monit Multimedia Printe Speakers & Interactive

ors Projectors & rs Headsets/Headph Voice
Wearable ones Response
Devices that display Multimedia Printers produce hard- Speakers produce sound Voice response
information
projectorsinare
pictorial
Displays
used form to project the copy output. They output from the
Systems
systems selecta
screen imageLCD,
(e.g. CRT. (display) onto a large create images on paper, computer. They are output from digitized
LED, screen for group plastic, cloth and other used to aid the computer audio recording of
OLED, viewing. print media using for applications such as words, phrases,
PLASMA) Aoutput device
wearable that isis
display technologies like ink gaming, multimedia music, alarms, or
an worn on a transfer, heat transfer, presentation and others. anything that is
 STORAGE
Storage devices are devices capable of storing
data for current and later use

DEVICES

RAM Flash Hard Disk Solid EEPR Optical

CHIP Disks Drive State OM Discs
The primary A data storage A spindle of Storage
A type of EEPROM An electronic
memory device that magnetic disks, Drives
nonvolatile (electrically data storage
(temporary includes flash called platters, storage media erasable (permanent)
storage) that memory with an that record and that stores programmable medium that
holds data and integrated USB store persistent data read- only can be written
instructions interface information. on solid-state memory) is user- to and read
while the flash memory modifiable read- from using a
computer is in only memory low- powered
use. (ROM) that can laser beam.
Temporary Semi-Permanent be erased and (e.g. CD, DVD,
UNIT OF DATA
Computer data is expressed as bytes, kilobytes,
megabytes as it is in the metric system, but 1
kilobyte is 1024 bytes not 1000 bytes.

STORAGE
Data Storage Unit
Bit
Abbreviation
b
Storage
Binary Digit, Single 1 or 0
Nibble - 4 bits
Byte/Octet B 8 bits
Kilobyte KB 1024 bytes
Megabyte MB 1024 KB
Gigabyte GB 1024 MB
Terabyte TB 1024 GB
Petabyte PB 1024 TB
Exabyte EB 1024 PB
Zettabyte ZB 1024 EB
Yottabyte YB 1024 ZB
 PERIPHERAL
Though peripheral often implies “additional but
not essential”, peripheral devices are critical
elements of a fully functioning and useful

DEVICES computer system. Peripheral devices include both

input and output devices..

Multifunction Mod Expans CD/

Peripheral em ion DVD
Devices
Perform different Converts computer- Cards
A printed circuit board ROM
A device into which an
functions of other compatible signals to that can be inserted Drives
interchangeable
devices. (e.g. 3 in 1 signals than can be into an electrical CD/DVD ROM is
printers-printer, transmitted over the connector to add inserted for processing.
scanner, photocopier) telephone lines, then functionality to a
back again to computer computer system via
 COMPUTER
Software, also known as programs, consists of instructions
structured and ordered in manner that, when executed ,
causes a computer to perform a particular task or

SOFTWARE
A computer software can be
categorize into:
function.It also includes information for the computer to
process

Open System (Open Source) –

software that can be modified for
use with any hardware. It is not
the exclusive property or design
of a particular vendor. Its inner Operating Application
workings are available to the
public and anyone can adapt it or
Systems Software
develop applications to work
with it.
Proprietary – software products
that are designed for particular
systems and cannot be used with Programm Utiliti
other hardware. Its inner ing es
 OS reads and responds to user commands, and
OPERATING coordinates the flow of information among the
different input and output devices. It also
manages the different programs the user runs. OS
SYSTEMS can categorized as proprietary or open-source.

Windows Apple’s Linux Un MS-

OS MAC OS Distros ix DOS
 is a program or group of programs
APPLICATION designed for end users

SOFTWARE

Productivity Databa Graphics Browse Personal Info

Tools se Suite rs Manager
MS MS Adobe Google MS Outlook
Word Access Photoshop Chrome IBM Lotus
MS Oracle Corel Draw Mozilla Organizer
Excel SQL Xara Firefox Kontact
MS MySQL Serif Safari Spicebird
 is a formal computer language or

PROGRAMMING constructed language designed to

communicate instructions to a machine,
particularly a computer and can be used
LANGUAGE to create programs to control the
behavior of a machine or to express
algorithms.

C/ Jav .N PH A
C++ a et P SP
 UTILITY Utility software is system software
designed to help analyze, configure,
optimize or maintain a computer
SOFTWARE

Anti- Archiv Data Back-up Encrypt

Virus ers Compression Software ion
Scan for computer Output a stream or Output a shorter Used to perform a use a specific
viruses among a single file when stream or a backup; they create algorithm to
files and folders provided with a smaller file when supplementary exact produce an
(e.g. Kaspersky, directory or a set provided with a copies of files, encrypted stream or
McAfee, AVG, of files (e.g. 7-Zip) stream or file (e.g. databases or entire encrypted file when
 A global computer network providing a variety of information and
INTER communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols. A computer network is a group of
computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital
NET interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources.

World Wide Websit Search Cloud Social

Web known as
Commonly es (also written
A website Engines
A system that is Computing
On-demand availability of Media
Collective term
the Web, is an as web site) is a designed to carry out computer
for websites
system resources, and applications
information system collection of web web searches, which especially data
which focus onstorage communication,
where documents and pages and related means to search the (cloud
storage) and computing community- based
other web resources are content that is web in a systematic power, without direct input, interaction,
identified by Uniform identified by a common way for particular active management by content-sharing and
Resource Locators domain name and information specified in the user. collaboration.
which may be published on at least a textual web search
interlinked by one web server. query.
 ANATOMY OF A
UNIFORM RESOURCE
LOCATOR
A Uniform Resource (URL)
Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address,
is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer
network and a mechanism for retrieving it.
 DOMAIN NAME
A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy,
authority or control within the Internet. The registration of these domain names is usually
administered by domain name registrars who sell their services to the public.
 Web
1.0
Tim Berners-
Lee W3C WEBbing the
First stage in the WWW Generations of
Future
Central to Dev’t of Information the Web
Age

Web 2.0
Coined by Darci DiNucci
(1999)
Defined by Tim O'reilly, Dale
Dougherty
Web of Interaction or
Participative Web
Folksonomy, Rich User
Experience, User
Participation, Long Tail, SaaS,
Mass Participation
Web 3.0
Coined by Tim
O'reilly
Semantic Web
Common
Framework for
 Web
1.0
WWW or Web 1.0 is a
system of interlinked,
hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet.
Pages are called Static
because text, photos, and
other content will not
change unless the actual
web page file itself is
edited

Web 2.0
The second stage of
development of the
World Wide Web,
characterized especially
by the change from static
web pages to dynamic or
user-generated content
and the growth of social
media.

Web 3.0
Web 3.0 or the Semantic Web
SOCIAL MEDIA
Social Networks Bookmarking Sites Social News
connect with other store and manage links to post their own news
people various websites and items or links to other
TYPES OF

resources news sources

Media Sharing Microblogging Blogs and

Sharing-upload Focuses on short Forums
and share updates from the Forums-post
media content user contents on a
 AI and Intelligent Intelligent Virtual and Digital
TECH Advanced
Machine
Apps Things Augmented
Reality
Twin

TRENDS include
Learning
such
technologies
as deep learning,
categories: VR and
utilizing of big data
robots, drones anda dynamic software
can be used for
three
training
analytics
neural networks
tools to and refine
scenarios
business remoteofexperiences
and model a physical thing or
natural-language
offers and
autonomous
improve customer
vehicle - soon to system
processing, can adapt experience
to a collaborative modelAR in blends
virtual real and
also encompass - can include worlds, whichmeans
intelligent businesses
more advanced technologies things can communicate
systems that like virtual overlay
with graphics
one onto
real-world
understand, learn, personal another and act objects
predict, adapt assistants in concert to
and potentially (VPAs) accomplish
 Blockchain Conversati Mesh App Digital Adaptive
TECH and Digital
Ledgers
onal
System
and Service
Architecture
Technolog
y
Security
Architectur
TRENDS a type of
distributed
can range from a multichannel
simple solution
the building
Platforms
blocks for a
having
e flexible
security
ledger in which informal, architecture digital business measures in
value bidirectional that leverages 5 digital place to be able
exchange text or voice computing,
cloud andcontainersplatforms:
customer to protect an
and micro
transactions (in conversations experience,
serverless analytics and
Information organization’s
bitcoin or other services as well intelligence,
systems, the information
token) as APIs and Internet of predictive,
events to deliver Things and
modular, flexible business preventive,
and dynamic ecosystem detective,
 Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, First Prgmr Steve Jobs, Apple Steve Wozniak, Apple Bill
Father of Computer Gates, Microsoft Paul Allen, Microsoft

INNOVAT
ORS
Larry Page, Sergey Brin, David Filo, Jerry Young, Mark
Google Google Yahoo! Yahoo! Zuckerberg, FB

Linus Turvalds, Dennis Elon Musk, Alan Gordon

GLOSS
ARY
Color Depth – refers to the number of bits use to display each pixel on a display.
Disk Density – refers to the number of bits that can be stored per unit of area on the disk-
face surface.
Dot pitch – refers to the distance between the centers of the adjacent pixels. Any dot pitch
equal to or less than
-
0.28 mm (millimeters) provides a sharp image. The crispness of the image improves, as
the dot pitch gets smaller.
Gray scales – refer to the number of shades of a color that can be shown on a
monochrome monitor’s screen.
Pixel – (short for picture elements) basic unit of video screen image. They are individual
tiny dot of light that is the
basic unit from which the images on a computer or television screen are made.