DANGAL GREETINGS!

21 Century Literature from

st

the Philippines and the

World
 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

Geographic , Linguistic, and

Ethnic Dimensions of the
Philippine Literary History from
Pre - Colonial to the Contemporary
Lesson 1, Part 1
Subject Teacher : Marion April A. Trono
 Let us
check
what you
have learn.
 REVIEW :
How can 21st century literature
helps us to appreciate the
diversity of human experience?
 REVIEW :
How can 21st century
literature helps us to develop
our critical thinking skills?
 REVIEW :
How can 21st century literature
helps us to understand the
world we live in today?
 Learning Competency:
At the end of this lesson, the students
should identify the geographic, linguistic,
and ethnic dimensions of Philippine
literary history from pre-colonial to the
contemporary
(EN12Lit-Ia-21 EN12Lit-Ie-30).
 Learning Objectives:
In the end of the lesson, students are able to:
• Identify the geographic, linguistic and
ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary
history from precolonial to the contemporary;
• Distinguish the distinct characteristics of
each literary period; and
• Create a timetable showing how the
literatures on each literary period
?BC-1565
 Words Encounter:
1. communal (adjective) - of or relating to a community
Public communal baths are common in Japan.

2. deities (noun) - beings exalted or revered as supremely

good or powerful
Ancient civilizations worshipped various deities.

3. epic (noun) - a long narrative poem in elevated style

recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero
The epic of Lam-ang is a well-known Filipino classic.
 Words Encounter:
4. stereotyping (noun) - an often unfair or untrue belief that many
people have about all people or things with a particular characteristic
Minorities are often subject to stereotyping by the dominant classes.

5. transmission (noun) - the act or process by which something is

spread or passed from one person or thing to another
The government is scrambling to stop the widespread transmission
of diseases that should have been eradicated already.
 Words Encounter:
6. ancestors (noun) - people from whom a person descended from
Certain cultures look to their ancestors for blessings and guidance.
7. flourish (verb) - to be very successful; to do very well
Our aim is to develop the grit needed to flourish even under pressure.
8. supernatural (adjective) - unable to be explained by science or the laws of nature
The science professor is not inclined to believe in supernatural phenomena.
9. myth (noun) - a story told in an ancient culture to explain a practice, belief, or natural
occurrence
One local TV show was adapted from a popular Norse myth.
10.legend (noun) - a story from the past that is believed by many people but cannot be
proven to be true
Most aspects of the story of King Arthur have passed on into legend.
 WHAT HAPPEN TO OUR PHILIPPINE PRE-COLONIAL
LITERATURE?

● Most literary works during the pre-colonial period were

transmitted through oral tradition.

● In some cases, our ancestors made use of a writing

system to pen down some works of literature.

● Early literary written forms of pre-colonial Filipinos were

destroyed by the Spanish friars .

● Surviving texts were restored because of resistance and

geographical isolation.
What are the different qualities of
Philippine pre-colonial literature?
 Conventions of Oral Literature

• Common experiences of the community as

subject matter
• Communal authorship
• Formulaic repetitions
• Stereotyping of characters
• Regular rhythmic and musical devices
E. Arsenio Manuel, a literary
scholar notable for his studies
on Philippine folk literature,
divided Philippine precolonial
literature into three, namely the
Mythological Age, Heroic
Age, and Folktales from all
ages.
 Mythological Age

The period when our ancestors told

stories about the creation of human
beings and the world, natural
phenomena, and deities and spirits
 Heroic Age

● Ordinary mortals and cultural heroes became

the chief subject matter in this period .
● Epics became a popular genre.
● Epics are chanted during important events in
the community to inspire people.
● Epics are also performed to remind the
community of their ideals and values.
 Folktales

● These are traditional stories that had humans,

animals, and even plants as characters.
● These are fictional tales that have been
modified through successive retellings before
they were finally recorded and written down.
Baybayin writing system - derived from Kawi, a Javanese
(Indonesian) script
● Early Filipinos wrote on palm leaves or bamboo using
knives as pens and sap from plants and trees as ink.
● The ancient Tagalog script had seventeen basic
syllables composed of three vowels and fourteen
consonants.
○ Vowels: a, e/i, o/u
○ Consonants: ba, ka, da/ra, ga, ha, la, ma, na,
nga, pa, sa, ta, wa, ya
● Symbols used could be modified to present different
vowel sounds.
Afterthought:
How can knowledge of our
earliest traditions help you to
better understand our present
culture and attitudes?
Philippine
Folk
Narratives
What are the different folk narratives in
the Philippines?
Myths
➔ These are stories that make use of gods,
goddesses, and other fantastical creatures as
characters.
➔ It is the means for our ancestors to explain the
occurrence of natural events, the beginning of
cultural traditions, and the existence of mysteries.
➔ A myth may also attempt to explain the origin of
the world and of the people
Legends

➔ It is believed to be historical but cannot be

verified as true.
➔ It is often about famous persons or events.
➔ It may tell of an encounter with marvelous
creatures, which the folks still believe in:
fairies, ghosts, water spirits, the devil, and
the like.
Folktales (Kwentong Bayan)
➔ These are prose narratives usually told to amuse or
entertain.
➔ It is instructional in nature.
➔ It deals with events set in an indefinite time and space.
➔ EXAMPLES:
• The Monkey and the Turtle
• The Story of Pina
• Juan Tamad
Epics
➔ It is a long narrative poem that
describes the adventures of a hero,
warrior, god, or king.
➔ It is influenced by the traditions, culture,
beliefs, moral code, and attitudes of the
people who created it.
 Characteristics of Epic
➔ The main character or protagonist is considered a hero.
➔ The hero’s actions are presented without bias; the epic
presents both the character’s faults and virtues.
➔ It often involve battles, which reveal the extraordinary
strength of the protagonist as he engages in acts of
bravery
➔ The setting may span several countries, involve the whole
world, or even be set in the universe
➔ Gods and other divine beings are portrayed as having a
role in the outcome of events
Philippine Folk
Lyric and
Speech
 Folk Songs

● It is repetitive, sonorous, and has a playful melody.

● It may be about love and courtship, a long day’s
work, or may be songs sung at a funeral.

EXAMPLES
● Sitsiritsit
● Magtanim ay Di Biro
● Si Pilemon
 Proverbs (Salawikain)
● These are short sayings enveloped in rhymed verse.
● It is meant to give advice to the young, offering words
of wisdom or stating how one should live.
EXAMPLES
● “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay
hindi makakarating sa paroroonan.”
● Ang taong nagigipit, sa patalim kumakapit.”
Riddles (Bugtong)

● These are perplexing questions meant

to be guessed or solved.
● It is used for entertainment.
● It requires one to observe, analyze,
and imagine to provide the right
answer.
Philippine
Literature during
the Spanish Rule
1565 -1863
FORMS OF NON-
SECULAR LITERATURE
(Religious Literature)
FORMS OF SECULAR
LITERATURE (Non-
Religious Literature)
Philippine Literature
during the
Age of Enlightenment /
Propaganda
/Revolutionary Period
1864-1896
 OTHER
WORKS OF
RIZAL
Philippine
Literature during
the American
Occupation
1910-1945
Significant events during the American Colonial
Period:
● On April 11, 1899, John Hay, the US Secretary of
State, signed an agreement wherein Spain
surrendered the remaining colonies of the
Spanish empire, including the Philippines, to the
United States for 20 million dollars.
● Education was first headed by American soldiers,
and then teachers called the Thomasites.
Significant events during the American Colonial
Period:
● Public education was made free, and the medium
of instruction used was English. This created a
new educated middle class in the country.
● Alongside the use of English in education, Filipinos
learned American models of thought, culture, and
ways of life.
Impact of the American Colonial Period on
literature:
● An initial boom in literature in Spanish before
English became more widespread through
promotion and schooling.
● Comics and satirical editorial cartoons began
appearing in publications.
● Tagalog drama went from merely a form of
entertainment to an expression of revolt.
Impact of the American Colonial Period on
literature:
● English sarswela (stage musicals) began to
emerge.
● Filipino writers became apprentices to American
writers, first learning to emulate their styles
before creating their own.
● Essays and short stories became popular
literary mediums.
Philippine
Literature during
the Japanese
Occupation
1910-1945
Significant events during the Japanese Occupation:
● During World War II, the Philippines was occupied
by the Japanese from 1941 to 1945.
● During the war between Japan and the United
States, President Manuel L. Quezon and General
Douglas MacArthur fled to the US. Before leaving,
MacArthur made a promise: “I shall return.” He
came back to Leyte in 1944.
Significant events during the Japanese
Occupation:
● The Fall of Bataan and the Death March were
results of the final major battles of the
Japanese invasion.
● Victory over Japan Day was declared after Japan
surrendered to the U.S. on August 15, 1945.
The inauguration of the First Philippine
Republic on July 4, 1946.
Impact of the Japanese Occupation on literature:
● Filipino literature in English was limited.
● Philippine literature in general flourished in this
period, especially those that were written in
Tagalog and other Philippine languages. English
plays during this period were translated into
Filipino or the vernacular.
● More original dramas in Filipino were written.
Impact of the Japanese Occupation on
literature:
● Filipino writers of other literary forms such as
short stories, essays, and poetry were given
distinct honors.
● Without Seeing the Dawn by Stevan Javellana
was published in the United States in 1947. It
depicts the experiences of Filipinos during the
war between the Americans and the Japanese.
 LET US HAVE A RECAP!

1.What are the attitudes and lesson that

we can learn to our ancestor through
their early literature that survived
today ?
 LET US HAVE A RECAP!

2.What is the most significant

contribution of the Spanish
Colonizers to our literature and
culture?
 LET US HAVE A RECAP!

3. How does our literature

affected during the American
Regime influence?
 LET US HAVE A RECAP!

4.What is the most significant

contribution of the Japanese
to our literature and culture?
• Download the Story “The Sun and The
Moon : A Bagobo Tradition.
• Read and analyze the story.
• Answer the guide question in our our
classwork interface that will be posted
on our google classroom.
• SUBMIT WITHIN THE DEADLINE.
 hank
T for
y ou
ni n g!
il ste
5 MINUTE BREAK
 CLASS WILL BEGIN
IN A FEW MINUTES..