Theories of Conflict

in Conflict and
Negotiation
Management
Conflict is a natural part of human interaction, and understanding the
theories behind it is crucial for effective conflict and negotiation
management. This presentation will explore the key theories that explain the
nature and dynamics of conflict.

by Anoop V
Conflict as a Natural Phenomenon
1 Inherent in Human Nature
Conflict arises from the diverse
goals, values, and perspectives
that individuals and groups bring
to interactions.
2 Unavoidable in Social
Interactions
Conflict is a natural byproduct of
people with different needs,
interests, and priorities coming
together.
3 Necessary for Growth and
Change
Constructive conflict can lead to
improved problem-solving,
innovation, and organizational
development.
Conflict as a Functional Process
Stimulates Creativity Enhances Group Cohesion Improves Decision-Making

Disagreements can challenge Conflict resolution can strengthen Conflict can encourage critical
assumptions and lead to the relationships and promote a better thinking and a more thorough
exploration of new ideas and understanding of different analysis of options, leading to better
solutions. perspectives. decisions.
Conflict as a Dysfunctional Process
Diminished Productivity
Unresolved conflict can lead to a breakdown in communication, decreased morale, and a loss of focus on
key objectives.

Damaged Relationships
Destructive conflict can erode trust and respect, making it difficult to maintain healthy working
relationships.

Increased Stress
Prolonged conflict can create a tense and stressful work environment, negatively impacting employee
well-being.

Missed Opportunities
Unmanaged conflict can prevent organizations from capitalizing on new ideas and opportunities for
growth.
The Structural Theory of Conflict
1 Interdependence
Conflict arises when individuals or groups rely on the same resources or have
incompatible goals.

2 Communication Barriers
Ineffective communication, unclear roles, and poor organizational structure can
contribute to conflict.

3 Power Imbalances
Unequal distribution of power and authority can lead to conflicts over
decision-making and resource allocation.
The Behavioral Theory of Conflict

Emotions Personality Differences Perception Gaps Communication

Conflicts are often fueled by
strong emotions, such as
fear, anger, or mistrust.
Breakdowns
Conflicts can stem from
Conflicts can arise from differing perceptions of the Ineffective communication,
clashing communication same situation or issue. including poor listening and
styles, decision-making misunderstandings, can
preferences, and values. escalate conflicts.
The Interactionist Theory of
Conflict
Group Dynamics
Conflicts can arise from the complex interactions and power
dynamics within and between groups.

Organizational Culture
The norms, values, and beliefs embedded in an organization's culture
can contribute to or mitigate conflicts.

Leadership Influence
The way leaders manage and respond to conflict can have a
significant impact on its resolution.
The Contingency Theory of
Conflict
Conflict Type Appropriate Resolution
Approach

Task-related Conflict Collaborative problem-

solving

Relationship Conflict Facilitated discussion and

mediation

Process Conflict Clarification of roles and

responsibilities
The Social Identity Theory of Conflict
In-group Favoritism Intergroup Bias Self-Esteem Enhancement

Individuals tend to favor their own Conflicts can arise from the tendency Conflicts can be driven by the desire
social groups, leading to conflicts to perceive and judge out-groups to maintain a positive social identity
with out-groups. more negatively. and self-esteem.
Implications of Conflict Theories for
Negotiation Management
1 Understand the Root Causes
Applying conflict theories can help identify the underlying causes of conflicts, enabling more
effective negotiation strategies.

2 Adapt Negotiation Approaches

Different conflict theories suggest different negotiation techniques, such as focusing on
interests, addressing identity issues, or restructuring the negotiation environment.

3 Foster Constructive Conflict

Recognizing the potential benefits of functional conflict can guide negotiators in harnessing
its positive effects while mitigating the negative consequences.