CSC Mathematics Lecture

Civil Service Examination
General Mathematics
August 14, 2023
Michael Camorongan Ogoy, LPT
Upper Secondary English Programme Mathematics Teacher
Benjamarachutit School – Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Topic Outline
“We had a Limited Capacity, but
We had Unlimited Determination”
-Meteor Garden 2018

“If it is up to be, it is up to
me”
Dr. Mary Anne Balayan
Getting to Know
General Mathematics
What is a Number?
•A mathematical
object used to count,
measure, and label.
What is Number system?
•A system of
writing for saying
numbers.
Real
Numbers
Rational Irrational
Numbers Numbers
Integers
Fraction
Zero
Negative Whole
Integer Numbers
Positive
Integers
1
integer /
1
-4
0 .
π 0
0
6
9 2
∞
1 0. 1 5
Positive integers
•Numbers greater
than zero. Starting
at 1 to infinity.
Negative integers
•Numbers lesser
than zero. Starting
at -1 to infinity.
Comparison of integers
• Telling whether the
integer on the left is
larger, smaller or equal to
the integer on the right.
Number line
• A visual representation of
real numbers.
<
<
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Number line
Negative – Positive +
<
<
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Absolute value
•The total units or
distance of a certain
number from zero.
Opposite numbers
• Numbers that have the
same digits but with
different signs.
• Example: 1 and -1 ; 2 and -
2
Opposite Number
A
A B
<
<
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Comparing Numbers
˃ -1
• 1 ____
˃
• 10 ____ 16
˃
• 0 _____ 1
=
• -5 _____ 5
Recall Applications
Compare the following numbers using > ,
< or =
= 35
1. |-35|____ > |-7
7. -|3| + 2 ___
< |-100|
2. -100 ____ > |-4| - 3
8. |-25|÷ 5 __
<
3. -|-9|____8 =
9. -|-90|__450÷5- 180
> -|-33|
4. -|-22|___ = -|-1|
10. -1 ___
= 86
5. -|86|___
< 2
6. |2| - 1 ____
Addition of Integer
Teacher Michael Camorongan Ogoy, LPT
subtraction of integers
•5 + 3 = 8
Sum
Augend
Addend
Addition of integers
•With same signs
•With not the same
signs
Addition with same signs
•Rule: add the
numbers and copy
their same signs
Addition with same signs example
Add the following numbers
1. 25 + 37 = 62
2. (-6) + (-5) = -11
3. (-12) + (-15) = -27
4. 100 + 75 = 175
5. -75 + -86 = -161
Addition with not the same signs
•Rule: Subtract the
numbers and copy the
sign of the larger
number.
Addition with not the same signs
• Example
• 23 + (-25)
• Step 1: 25 – 23 = 2
• Step 2: Since 25 is bigger that 23,
and 25 is negative, therefore the
answer is -2
Addition with not the same signs example
Add the following numbers
1. (-25) + 37 = 12 6. 7 + (-3) =4
2. 6 + (-5) = 1 7. (-6) + 4 = -2
3. 12 + (-15) = -3 8. (-25) + 11 = -14
4. -100 + 75 = -25 9. 198 + (-18) = 180
5. -75 + 86 = 11 10. 1000 + (-1000) = 0
Addition of The temperature in
the morning is -2°C
integers
• The temperature of a certain city on a
particular night is -5°C. the next
morning, the temperature rises at 3°C.
find the temperature in the morning.
-5°C + 3°C = -2°C

Summary of the lesson
• To add integers with same sign,
just add the numbers then copy
their same sign.
• To add integers with not the same
sign, subtract the numbers then
copy the sign of the bigger number.
Subtraction of Integer
Teacher Michael Camorongan Ogoy, LPT
• To subtract integers,
change the sign of the
subtrahend then
change subtraction to
addition.
•5 – 3 = 2
Difference or
Minuend Remainder
Subtrahen
•8 – 4
= 8+ (-4)
=4
•-8 – 4
= -8+ (-4)
= -12
•8 – (-4)
= 8+ (4)
= 12
•-8 – (-4)
= -8+ (4)
= -4
Subtraction with integers examples
Subtract the following numbers
1. (-25) – 37 = -62 6. 7 – (-3) = 10

2. 6 – (-5) = 11 7. (-6) – 4 = -10
3. 12 – (-15) = 27 8. (-25) – 11 = -36
4. -100 – 75 = -175 9. 198 – (-18) = 216
5. -75 – 86 = -161 10. 1000 – (-1000)
= 2000
Ascending/ Descending Order
• Arrange from ascending and
descending order:
•0, 4, -4, 2, -11

descending order:
• 0, 4, -4, 2, -11
• Ascending: -11, -4, 0, 2, 4
• Descending: 4, 2, 0, -4, 11
descending order:
•12, -43, 1, 13, -17

• Arrange from ascending and descending
order:
• 12, -43, -1, 13, -17
• Ascending: -43, -17, -1, 12, 13
• Descending: 13, 12, -1, -17, 43
Patterns
• 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28
___, ___
33
+5 +5 +5 +5 +5 +5
Rule: Add 5 to get the next

term
Patterns
8 ___
• 264, 128, 64, 32, 16, ___, 4
÷2 ÷2 ÷2 ÷2 ÷2 ÷2
Rule: Divide by 2 to get the next

term
Patterns
• 42, 39, 36, 33, 30, 27 24
___, ___
–3 –3 –3 –3 –3 –3
Rule: Subtract 3 to get the

next term
Patterns
•1, -1, 1, -1, 1, ___,
-1 ___
1
x- x -1 x- x -1 x -1 x -1
1 1
Rule: Multiply by -1 to get the next

term
Fractions and Decimals
Michael Camorongan Ogoy

List of Topics
Fractions
Fractions Decimals
and Decimals
Writing Decimal Replacing

Comparing Fraction Fraction with
Decimals
Adding and Subtracting Place Value of Decimals
Fractions
Comparing Decimals
Multiplying Fractions
Division of Fractions Adding and Subtracting Decimals
Multiplying Decimals
Dividing Decimals
Fraction
• Part to a whole
• Composed of
Fractio N umerator 𝟏
=
n Bar Denominator 𝟐
Types of Fraction
• Proper Fraction
• Improper Fraction
Types of Fraction
• Mixed Number
Fractions in Number Line
G F A B C D E
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Opposite of Fraction
• If the fraction is negative its
opposite is positive
• if the fraction is positive its
opposite is negative
• Ex. Find the opposite of the following
fractions.
• =
𝟑
−
• = 𝟕
𝟏
𝟔
• Ex. Find the opposite of the following
fractions.
• =
𝟒
−𝟐
• = 𝟗
𝟐
𝟓
𝟓
Equivalent Fractions
𝟏 𝟑
𝟐 𝟔
𝟐 𝟒
𝟒 𝟖
• Examples: Find the equivalent fractions of
the following:
= =
= =
the following:
= =
= =
= =
Comparing Fractions
𝟏 𝟑
𝟒 𝟒
𝟐 𝟏 𝟒
= =𝟏
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
Comparison of Fraction
• Compare the following fractions using >, < or
= symbol
Method 2 find the LCM
< The LCM of 2 and 8 is

8 ( 𝟖÷ 𝟐 ) × 𝟏 𝟒
=
Method 𝟖 𝟖
1
( 𝟖÷ 𝟖 ) × 𝟓 𝟓
=
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏 𝟑
𝟐 𝟔
𝟐 𝟒
𝟒 𝟖
the following:
= =
= =
Comparison of Fraction
• Compare the following fractions
using >, < or = symbol
( 𝟕𝟎 ÷ 𝟕 ) ×𝟗 𝟗𝟎
< −
𝟕𝟎
=−
𝟕𝟎
Find the LCM
( 𝟕𝟎 ÷ 𝟏𝟎 ) ×𝟏 𝟕
The LCM of 7 and
− =−
𝟕𝟎 𝟕𝟎
10 is 70
Operations on fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Fraction
• In adding fractions, see to it that the
denominators are the same before
adding the numerator.
• if they are not the same, you need to get
the Least Common Multiple of the
denominator or we will call it as Least
Common Denominator.
Multiplication of Fraction
• In multiplying fractions, just multiply
the numerator by the numerator and
then the denominator by
denominator.
• Then remember to simplify the answer
if possible.
𝟐 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟑
× = ÷
𝟑 𝟕 𝟐𝟏 𝟑
𝟒
¿
𝟕
𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓
+ 1 3
𝟐 × =¿1𝟓 × 𝟐𝟔2
𝟓 𝟐𝟔
x
𝟑
¿
𝟐
Division of Fraction
• In dividing fractions,
you need to get the
reciprocal of the
second fraction then
multiply it to the first
fraction.
Reciprocal
• Interchange the
numerator and the
denominator.
𝟐 𝟑
𝟑 𝟐
1
𝟑 𝟕 𝟕
¿ × ¿
𝟒 𝟑1 𝟒
+ 𝟏𝟔 𝟒
¿ ÷
x
𝟗 𝟑
1
𝟏𝟔
4 𝟑 𝟒
¿ × ¿
𝟗 𝟒1 𝟑
3
Decimals
Page 174
Decimals
• Babylonians write 2 27 18,
which means which later
adopted by the Greeks.
• 1585 AD Simon Stevin
published a book called “The
Tenth”
Decimals
• Francois Viete wrote decimals
in the form of 27 | 187
27,847 27 847
• Simon Stevin wrote decimals in

0 1 2 3
the form of 0 1 2 3
•
Decimals
• John Napier published a
book called “Descripto”,
and used “,” or “.” to
separate integers and digits
in decimals.
Decimals
• Nowadays
–Americans used 3.18
–England used 3ꞏ18
–France and Germany used 3,18
–Scandinavia used 3,18
Decimals
• It is used to calculate the exact value of pi or π
• William Shanks spend 20 years in calculating π
to 707 place value
• Gregory and David Chudnovsky calculated the
value of π to 530 million places value
• In 1989, Yasumasa Kaneda calculated the value
of π to 536, 870, 000 places, printed on 110,
000 pieces of paper in 67 hours and 13 minutes.
Writing Decimals Page 175-176
Writing Decimals
A -1 B 0 C 1 D
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
43.23 + 23.55
20.9 + 153.67 – 120.85
50.05 – (-47.5) – 96.38
-123.104 – (-85.92)
(-5.824 – 2.6871) – (13.245 – 1.2375)
A rope is 4 meters and 58 centimeters long. Another rope
is 8 meters and 76 centimeters long. If you tie the two
ropes together and measure again, it is 12 meters and 56
centimeters. How much rope is lost to the knot?
Oxygen has a melting point of -218.4°C and a boiling
point of -183°C. What is the minimum temperature
needed to change oxygen from a liquid to a vapor?
A bucket weighs 1.50 kg. After putting rice in the bucket,
it now weights 10.50 kg. How much does the rice weigh?
A mother has 5, 897, 656.908 baht. She pays 1, 757,
908.9 baht for fresh food and buys dried food. How much
money will she have left?
Multiplying decimals
Page 186
Rule in Multiplying Decimals
In multiplying decimals, just apply
the rules in multiplying integers.
The number of decimal places will
be the sum of all the decimal places
of the given decimal numbers being
multiplied.
Multiplying Decimals Examples
2.50 x 4
25.51 x 2
15.37 x 8.2
1.1 x 123.45
167.243 x 11.67
11.111 x 111.11
(2.34 x 10 ) x 45.6
2
Dividing decimals
Page 189
Dividing Decimals Examples
36.82 ÷ 35
2.25 ÷ 5
4.89 ÷ 3
4.4044 ÷ 1.21
3.1098 ÷ 1.095
-0.017 ÷ -3.4
0.588 ÷ 4.2
-0.019 ÷ 0.38
(-35.19) ÷ (-0.3)
Blood receives oxygen from inhaled air about 600
liters per day. If the air inhaled by humans is about
12 kiloliters per day, by how many times less is the
amount of oxygen the blood received compared to the
amount of air inhale? (Hint. 1kL = 1000L)
Napa’s family uses electricity, at 136 units per
month, and pays a monthly bill of 378.08 baht. How
much per unit does Napa pays for the electricity?
A train travels 362.25 kilometers in 3.5 hours. What is the
speed of the train per kilometer?
The weight of an object on the Moon is 0.16 times the weight
on Earth. If the rock’s weight on the Moon is 14.24
kilograms, what’s its weight on the Earth?
6-1 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents
Additional Example 1: Writing Percents as Fractions
Write 88% as a fraction in simplest form.
Write the percent as a fraction with a

88% = 88 denominator of 100.
100
= 22 Simplify.
25
Course 2
Try This: Example 1
Write 45% as a fraction in simplest form.
45% = 45 Write the percent as a fraction with a

100 denominator of 100.
= 9 Simplify.
20
Course 2
Additional Example 2: Writing Percents as Decimals
Write 51% as a decimal.
51% = 51
= 0.51 Write the fraction as a decimal.
Course 2
Try This: Example 2
Write 67% as a decimal.
67% = 67
= 0.67 Write the fraction as a decimal.
Course 2
6-1 Fractions, Decimals, and Percent
Notice that both 43% and 0.43 mean “43

hundredths.” Another way to write a
percent as a decimal is to delete the
percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left.
43.% = 0.43
Course 2
Additional Example 3A & 3B: Writing Decimals as
Percents
Write each decimal as a percent.
A. 0.08
8
0.08 = Write the decimal as a fraction.
100
= 8% Write the fraction as a percent.

B. 0.7
0.7 = 7 Write the decimal as a fraction.
10
= 70 Write an equivalent fraction with a
Course 2
Try This: Example 3A & 3B
Write each decimal as a percent.

A. 0.01
1
0.01 = Write the decimal as a fraction.
100

B. 0.1
0.1 = 1 Write the decimal as a fraction.
10
= 10 Write an equivalent fraction with a
Course 2
6-1 Fractions, Decimals, and Percent
Both 0.07 and 7% mean “7 hundredths.”

you can write a decimal as a percent by
moving the decimal point two places to the
right and adding the percent sign.
0.07 = 7.0%
Course 2
6-1 Fractions, Decimals and Percents
Additional Example 4A: Writing Fractions as Decimals
Write each fraction as a percent.

A. 3
5
3 = 3 · 20
5 5 · 20
60 Write an equivalent fraction
=
100 with a denominator of 100.
Helpful Hint
The method shown in example 4A works only if the
given denominator is a factor or multiple of 100.
Course 2
Additional Example 4B: Writing Fractions as
Decimals
B. 7
40
7 = 7 ÷ 40 Use division to write a fraction as a

40 decimal.
= 0.175
= 17.5% Write the decimal as a percent.

Helpful Hint
The method shown in 4B works for any denominator.

Course 2
6-1 Fractions, Decimals and Percents
Try This: Example 4A

A. 3
4
3 = 3 · 25
4 4 · 25
75 Write an equivalent fraction
=
100 with a denominator of 100.
Course 2
Try This: Example 4B
B. 9
60
9 = 9 ÷ 60 Use division to write a fraction as a

60 decimal.
= 0.15
= 15% Write the decimal as a percent.
Course 2
6-1 Fractions,
Insert Lesson
Decimals,
Title Here
and Percents
Lesson Quiz
1. Write 40% as a fraction. 2
5
2. Write 0.65 as a percent. 65%
3. Write 72% as a decimal. 0.72
4. Write 6 as a percent. 60%

10
5. About 95% of all animals are insects. Express

this percent as a fraction. 19
20
Course 2
Percentage and
Percentage Problems
Michael Camorongan
Ogoy
Percentage
• Means per hundred
• A mathematical term that describes the other way of
showing fractions with denominator equal to 100.
Finding percentage
2% of 36
Finding percentage
15% of 200
Finding percentage
30% of 750
• The original or whole amount used in the
calculation of percentage
• Usually the number after the word “of”
Finding Base
20 is 10% of what number?
Finding Base
64 is 80% of what number?
Finding Base
3% of what number 1.86?
Finding Base
15% of what number 15?
Finding Base
50% of what number 12.5?
It’s your turn!
20 is 20% of 10 is 5% of
what what number?
number?
60 is 5% of 35 is 7% of
what what number?
number?
120 is 80% 63 is 9% of
of what what number?
number?
90 is 15% of 99 is 9% of
what what number?
number?
1000 is 88 is 11% of
1000% of what number?
100?
Rate or Percent
• Usually written using the symbol % and

can be written in its decimal or fraction
equivalent
Finding Rate
6 is what percent of 12?
Finding Rate
Finding Rate
Finding Rate
It’s your turn!
63 is what percent 28 is what
of 84? percent of 140?
222 is what 73 is what
percent of 148? percent of 146?
percent of 161? percent of 40?
percent of 153? percent of 180
Base, rate and percentage
20% of 30% of 40
100% of 200% of 300
90 is what percent of the 10% of 900?
What percent of 50 is 10% of 250?
80% of 100 is 10% of what number?
Jesse had $350. She spent 45% of her money. a) How much
money did she spend? b) How much money did she have
left?
Jerry, an electrician, worked 7 months out of the year. What percent of
the year did he work? (Round answer to the nearest hundredth)
A baseball pitcher won 80% of the games he pitched. If he pitched 35
ballgames, how many games did he win?
There are 50 students in a class. fifteen of those students are men. What
percent of the class are women? (Round to the nearest tenth)
A crew is made up of 8 men; the rest are women. 66 3 2 % of the crew
are men. How many people are in the crew?
Ben earns $12,800 a year. About 15% is taken out for taxes. How
much is taken out for taxes?
At a sale, shirts were sold for $15 each. This price was 80% of
their original price. What was the original price?
A store owner paid $120 wholesale price for a suit.
He needs to make a 35% profit on the sale of the suit.
By how much should he markup the price of the suit
to make his desired profit?
Mrs. Smith earns $3500 a month. She saves $280 a month.
Savings is what percent of her income?
Sales tax in a certain community is 7%. If the sales tax on a new
car was $1400, what was the selling price of the car?
Mr. Jones receives 10% commission on each sale that he makes.
He earned $450 last week in commissions. How much were his
sales?
An organization has raised $4800 for a remodeling project. This
is 60% of their goal. What is their fundraising goal?
The price of gasoline rose from $3.50 to $3.71 in one
week. By what percent did the gas price rise?
A coat was originally priced at $50. It went on sale for $35. What
was the percent that the coat was discounted?
Exponents
Page 38
Exponent
•a 2Base
-Tells how many times the
Exponent base is used as a factor
Example
Exponential
1. 25 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x2
Form
•Base
a 2 2. 32 = 3 x 3
3. 5 = 5 x 5 x 5
3
Example Standard Form
1. 25 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32
2. 3 = 3 x 3
2
=9
Exponent Rules or Laws of
Exponents
Zero
Product Quotient
Exponent
Rule Rule
Rule
Expanded
Power Negative
Power
Rule Exponents
Rule
Product Rule
• To multiply when two bases are the same,
write the base and ADD the EXPONENTS
Product Rule
• A. B. C.
Quotient Rule
• To divide when two bases are the same,
write the base and SUBTRACT the
EXPONENTS
Quotient Rule
• A. B. C.
Zero Rule
• Any base (except 0) raised to zero power,
is equal to one.
Zero Rule
• A. B. C.
Power Rule
• To raise a power to another power, write
the base and multiply the exponents
Power Rule
• A. B. C.
Expanded Power Rule
( )
𝒎 𝒎
𝒙 𝒙
= 𝒎
𝒚 𝒚
Expanded Power Rule
• A. B.
Expanded Power Rule
• C. D.
Negative Exponents
( ) ( )
−𝒏 𝒏
𝟏 𝒎 𝒙 𝒚
−𝒎
= 𝒙 =
𝒙 𝒚 𝒙
Negative Exponents
• A. B.
Negative Exponents
• C. D.
Negative Exponents
• E. F.
Negative Exponents
• G.
Part 1. Basic
Arithmetic
1.
1.1 Solution:
2.2
3.3 =
=2
4.4
Basic Arithmetic
2. Simplfy
b - [b -(a+b) - {b - (b - a+b)} + 2a]
1.a Solution:
b - [b - (a+b) - {b - (b – a + b)} + 2a]
2.2a = b – [b – a – b – {b - (2b - a)} + 2a]
= b – [-a – {b – 2b + a} + 2a]
3.4a = b – [-a – {-b + a} + 2a]
= b – [-a + b – a + 2a]
4.0 = b – [ b] = 0
Basic Arithmetic
3. 100 + 50 * 2 = ?
1.200
Solution:
2.150
100 + 50*2
3.100 =100 + 100
4.300 = 200
Basic Arithmetic
4. (3080 + 6160) / 28
1.380
Solution:
2.350
(3080 + 6160)/28
3.330 =
4.310 = 330
Basic Arithmetic
5. 5004 / 139 – 6
1.25
Solution:
2.27
3.29
4.30 =
5.35 = 30
Basic Arithmetic
6. If 14 is to 28 as 56 is to __________.
1. 70
2.112
3. 3136
4. 28
5. 42 87
Basic Arithmetic
7. If 6 is to 180 as 12 is to _____________.
1. 362
2. 24
3. 365
4. 84
5. 120
Basic Arithmetic
8. If 79% is to 34/43 as 89% is to _____________.
1. 32/40
2. 78/83
3. 67/73
4. 58/65
5. 13/23
Basic Arithmetic
9. 37 is to 98.6 as 42 is to _______.
1. 99
2. 106.60
3. 107.60
4. 108
5. 111.92
Basic Arithmetic
10. 72 is to 54/75 as 75 is to ______
1. 29/40
2. 39/60
3. 48/55
4. 37/42
5. 63/84
Basic Arithmetic
11.
1. 32
2. 31
3. 35
4. 39
5. 30
Basic Arithmetic
12.
1. 182.7184
2. 1082.4468
3. 1988.5678
4. 1082.7184
5. 1082.7814103
Basic Arithmetic
13. Which is greatest?
1.
2.
Basic Arithmetic
14. 44 is 80% of what number?
1. 50
2. 60
3. 54
4. 55
5. 70
Basic Arithmetic
15.
1. 62
2. 64
3. 26
4. 333
5. 330
Basic Arithmetic
16. There are 3 numbers whose sum is 54; one number is
double and triple times greater than the other numbers, what
are those numbers?
1. 10, 20, 34
2. 9, 15, 30
3. 8, 16, 30
4. 9, 18, 27
5. 7, 14, 21
Basic Arithmetic
17. At 6:30am, Rosalyn told Mendez that she found Rosalie
15 and ¼ hours ago, at what time Rosalyn found Rosalie?
1. 9:25 pm
2. 6:30 pm
3. 5: 25 pm
4. 3:25 pm
5. 3:15 pm
Basic Arithmetic
18. If 3 siomai cost 15 pesos, how much would
it cost Kenneth to buy 12 siomai?
1. 55
2. 45
3. 65
4. 60
5. 80
Basic Arithmetic
19. Eight man earn a total average salary of 44, 000 pesos, if the
average monthly salary of 3 workers have a total of 16, 500, what is the
total average monthly salary of the remaining 5 workers?
1. 26, 500
2. 27, 500
3. 37, 500
4. 31, 500
5. 23, 500
Basic Arithmetic
20. What number when increased by 74
percent of itself will equal to 80?
1. 43
2. 42
3. 44
4. 54
5. 46
Basic Arithmetic
21. A bus starts at North avenue heading to somewhere in
Pasay City at 48mph. Four hours later, a same train leaves at
the same station for Pasay City at 64mph. How long before
the passenger jeep overtakes the bus?
1.13
2.14
3.10
4.12
5.16
Basic Arithmetic
22. If the train in LRT rides from Santolan Station in 4:43 pm
and arrives at Recto Station at 5:37pm, how long does it take
to reach that Recto Station?
1.33 minutes
2. 56 minutes
3.46 minutes
4.54 minutes
5.48 minutes
Basic Arithmetic
23. A ball is drawn at random from a box containing 6 red
balls, 4 white balls and 5 blue balls. Find the probability that
it is white?
1.1/3
2. 4/5
3.4/15
4.4/13
5. none of these
Basic Arithmetic
24. Evaluate:
1.0
2.
3.
4. none of these
Basic Arithmetic
25. Which of the following statements is false?
1. If 4 divides x, them 2 divides x

2. if 2 divides x, then every multiple of 2 divides
x
3. If 2 divides x, then 4 divides x
4. if 4 divides x, then every multiple of 2 divides
x
5. none of these
Basic Arithmetic
26. What is the average of ½, 1/3, and 1/6
1.1
2.1/6
3.1/3
4.¼
5.¾
Basic Arithmetic
27. A meter stick was cut into 2 pieces at the 36 cm –
mark. What is the ratio of the smaller piece to the
larger piece?
1. 16:25
2.13:50
3.9:25
4.9:16
5.13:16
Basic Arithmetic
28. The perimeter of a rectangle is 10 ft. What is its
width if the length is 4 ft?
1. 1 foot
2.2 ft.
3.1.5ft
4.2.5ft
5.3ft
Basic Arithmetic
29. If the sum of the three different prime numbers is
an even number, what is the smallest of the three?
1. 1
2.2
3. 3
4. 5
5. 7
Basic Arithmetic
30. Determine the percentage: Rate = 200%, Base =
30
1. 60
2.2400
3. 360
4. 120
5. 260
Basic Arithmetic
Part 2. Numerical
Reasoning
• Study the following line graph and
answer the questions. Based on the
following graphs, analyze and
interpret all of these graphs and
choose the best answer from the
choices offered. On your Answer
Sheet, Shade completely the bubble
that corresponds to your answer.
DIRECTION
reports from three companies over the years (in
peso)
160
140
120
amount in peso
100
80
60
40
20
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Years
Company X Company Z Company Y
Numerical Reasoning
1. For which of the following pairs of years the total exports from
the three Companies together are equal? (Amount in Pesos)
1)1995 and 1998

2)1996 and 1998
3)1997 and 1998
4)1995 and 1996
5)1992 and 1993
Numerical Reasoning
2. Average annual exports during the given period for Company Y is
approximately what percent of the average annual exports for Company
Z?
1) 87.12%
2) 89.64%
3) 91.21%
4) 93.33% A = 80
Y
5) 79.52% A = 85 5/7
Z
Numerical Reasoning
3. In which year was the difference
between the exports from Companies X
and Y the minimum?
1. 1994
2. 1995
3. 1996
4. 1999
5. 1992
Numerical Reasoning
4. What was the difference between the
average exports of the three
Companies in 1993 and the average
exports in 1998?
1) 15.33
2) 18.67
3) 20
4) 22.17
5) 21.7 A1993 = 56.67
A1998 = 76.67
Numerical Reasoning
5. In how many of the given years, were
the exports from Company Z more than the
average annual exports over the given
years?
1) 2
2) 3
3) 4
4) 5
5) 6
Numerical Reasoning
• The following line chart shows the
sale of hardware by the Computer
Industry between the years 1991-
96, within the country and outside
in pesos. Study the data given in
the chart and answer the
questions that as follows:
DIRECTION
The sale of hardware with in the country and
4500 outside
4200
4000
3500
3200 Domestic
3000
2500
Export
2000
1800 1800
1500
1480
1000
1200
1000 900
500
400
0
200
1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96
Numerical Reasoning
6. What was the difference on sale
of hardware between domestic and
exports in 1993- 94?
1) 1000
2) 500
3) 1200
4) 700
5) 900
Numerical Reasoning
7. In which of the following years was the
percentage increase in sale of hardware in
domestic sector maximum over the preceding
years ?
1) 1992-93
2) 1993-94
3) 1994-95
4) 1995-96
5) 1991-92
Numerical Reasoning
8. What was the difference between E1992-3the total
= 400
hardware sale in exports sector in E1992-93 and
1993-4 = 900
1993-94 together and that of domestic
D1993-4sector
= 1800in
1993-94?
1) 300
2) 200
3) 500
4) 150
5) 350
Numerical Reasoning
9. Approximately what wasD the percentage
1994-5 = 3200
increase in sale in domestic sector
D1995-6 = 4200
from
1994-95 to 1995-96?
31.25
1) 35
2) 25
3) 40
4) 20
5) 45
Numerical Reasoning
10. What was the difference in
DA = 2336 the
average sale between the
EA = domestic
900
and export sectors?
1) 900
2) 1380
3) 1436
4) 600
5) 700
Numerical Reasoning
Expenditures for State and Local Governments
Public Welfare
Highways
Others
Education
Numerical Reasoning
11. What type of information is
being presented on this graph?
1. Expenditure for
education
2. Expenditure for public
welfare
3. Expenditure for state and
local governments
4. Expenditure for highways
Numerical Reasoning
12. If the total
HEspending
= 50000 is
X $50,000,
0.7
how much money was
= 3500 spent on
highways?
1.$3,500
2.$22,500
3.$ 15,000
4.$ 20,000
Numerical Reasoning
13. Approximately what fraction of the
H = 7 % + P =
total expenditures are spent on
E E 14%
highways T = 21%
and = 21/100
public welfare
combined?
Numerical Reasoning
14. How much
OE = 45% money
= 50000 was
X 0.45
spent as other
= 22, 500expenses
1.22,500
2.15,000
3.30,000
4.20,000
Numerical Reasoning
Numerical Reasoning
15. These two activities took up
Sleep = 25% School = 25%
half of the time of the day
1. Entertainment and
School
2. Meals and School
3. Sleep and School
4. Homework and sleep
Numerical Reasoning
16..These two activities took up
Meals = 8% Homework
the least amount of time = 8%
1. Sleep and School
2. Meals and
Homework
3. Sleep and Job
4. School and
Entertainment
Numerical Reasoning
17. Which of these took up one
Sleep = 25% School
fourth of the day? = 25%
1.Entertainment
2.Sleep
3.Homework
4.Meals
Numerical Reasoning
18. What percent of the day
does homework take up?
1.2
2.15
3.8
4.25
Numerical Reasoning
19. Which of these takes up the same
Sleep
amount of = 25%
time School
as = 25%
meals and
entertainment together?
1.Job
2.School
3.Homework
4.Entertainment
5.Sleep
Numerical Reasoning
Part 3. Age Problem
Reasoning
• Each item in this section consists of a
statement or a passage followed by
several assumptions. Determine the
best assumption/s that can be logically
made from the given statement or
passage. On your Answer Sheet, shade
completely the bubble that corresponds
to your answer.
DIRECTION
1. A’s age is one-sixths of B’s age. B’s age will be twice of C’s
age after 10 years. If C’s eighth birthday was celebrated two
years ago, then the present age of A must be :
1. 5 years
2. 10 years
3. 15 years
4. 20 years
5. None of these
Age Problem
A = 1/6 B A = 1/6 (30)
B = 2C + 10 A = 5 years old
C = 8 + 2 = 10 Age of A
B = 2(10) + 10
B = 30
Solution
2. The ratio of ages of A and B is 8 : 9 and the age of B
is two-thirds of C’s age and age of C is nine-thirteenths
times the age of D. If the age of B is 18 years, then the
age of C is :
1. 27 years
2. 36 years
3. 39 years
4. 54 years
5. None of these
Age Problem
A:B=8:9 18 = 2/3 C
B = 2/3 C 18(3) = 2C
C = 9/13 D 54 = 2C
C = 27
B = 18 Age of C
Solution
3. If Dennis is one-third the age of his father Keith
now, and was one-fourth the age of his father 5 years
ago, then how old will his father Keith be 5 years
from now ?
1.2 years
2.45 years
3.40 years
4.50 years
5.None of these
Age Problem
Age now 5 yrs ago 5 years from now
Dennis x x–5 x+5
Keith 3x 3x – 5 3x + 5
x – 5 = ¼ (3x – 5)
4x – 20 = 3x – 5
4x – 3x = 20 – 5
x = 15
3x + 5 = 50 Keith’s age 15
years from now
Solution
4. The sum of ages of a father and son is 45 years. Five
years ago, the product of their ages was four times the
father’s age at that time. The present age of the father is :
1. 39 years
2. 36 years
3. 25 years
4. Can’t be
determined
5. None of
these
Age Problem
Age now 5 yrs ago
Father x x–5
Son y y–5
x + y = 45
x = 45 - y(1)
(x – 5)(y – 5) = 4(x – 5)
y–5=4
y = 9 (2)
x = 45 – 9
x = 36 father’s age now
Solution
5. If the ages of P and R are added to twice the age of Q, the total
becomes 59. If the ages of Q and R are added to thrice the age of P,
the total becomes 68 and if the age of P is added to thrice the age
of Q and thrice and age of R, the total becomes 108. What is the
age of P ?
1. 17 years
2. 19 years
3. 15 years
4. 12 years
5. None of these
Age Problem
P Q R
Present Ages x y z
2z + x + y = 59 (1)
3x + y + z = 68 (2)
3y + 3z + x = 108 (3)
3(2) – (3)
3y + 3z + 9x = 204
- (3y + 3z + x = 108)
8x = 96
x = 12 P’s Age now
Solution
6. The average age of a husband, his wife and son 3 years
ago was 27 years and that of his wife and son 5 years ago
was 20 years. What is the husband’s present age ?
1.35 years
2.32 years
3.37 years
4.40 years
5.None of these
Age Problem
Husband Wife Son
Present Ages H W S
3 years ago H–3 W–3 S–3
5 years ago H– 5 W– 5 S–5
[H – 3 + W – 3 + S – 3]/3 = 27 H + (W + S) = 90
H + W + S – 9 = 81 H + 50 = 90
H + W + S = 90 (1) H = 90 – 50
H = 40
[W – 5 + S – 5]/2 = 20 Husband’s age now
W + S – 10 = 40
W + S = 50 (2)
Solution
7. In a class, there are 20 boys whose average age is
decreased by 2 months, when one boy age 18 years
is replaced by a new boy. The age of the new boy is :
1. 14 years 8 months
3. 15 years
5. None of these
Age Problem
 Let A represent the average age in months of the class before the change
was made. Then 2A is the total of the boys’ ages in months.
 After 18 year-old boy leaves the class and is replaced by the new boy
whose age in months we will represent with x, the average is reduced by
2months, so the total of all the boy’s ages in months for the new
configuration of the class is 20(A – 2).
 Since there are 216 months in 18 years we can write:
20A – 216 + x = 20(A – 2)
20A – 216 + x = 20A – 40
x = 20A – 20A – 40 + 216
x = 176 months old or 14 years old and 8 months old
Solution
8.The age of a man is 3 times that of his son. 15
years ago, the man was 9 times as old as his son.
What will be the age of the man after 15 years ?
1.45 years
2.60 years
3.75 years
4.65 years
5.None of these
Age Problem
Present Age 15 yrs ago 15 years from now
Man’s Age 3x 3x – 15 3x + 15
Child’s Age x y+6 x + 15
3x – 15 = 9(x – 15) 3x = 60 Father’s age

3x – 15 = 9x – 135 now
9x – 3x = 135 – 15
6x = 120 3x + 15 = 60 + 15 = 75
x = 20 child’s age now Father’s age 15 years
from now
Solution
9. Sushil was thrice as old as Snehal 6 years back. Sushil
will be five-thirds times as old as Snehal 6 years hence.
How old is Snehal today ?
1.18 years
2.24 years
3.12 years
4.15 years
5.None of these
Age Problem
Present Age 6 yrs from now 6 yrs ago
Sushil’s Age x x+6 x–6
Snehal’s Age y y+6 y–6
x – 6 = 3(y – 6) -36 + 9y – 5y = 12
x – 6 = 3y – 18 4y = 12 + 36
x – 3y = -12 4y = 48
x = -12 + 3y (1) y = 12 Snehal’s age
x + 6 = 5/3 (y + 6) x = -12 + 3y
3x + 18 = 5(y + 6) x = -12 + 3(12)
3x – 5y = 12 (2) x = -12 +36
x = 24 Suhil’s age
3(-12 + 3y) – 5y = 12
Solution
10. If twice the son’s age in years be added to the
father’s age, the sum is 70 and if twice the father’s age is
added to the son’s age, the sum is 95. Father’s age is :
1. 40 years
2. 35 years
3. 42 years
4. 45 years
5. None of
these
Age Problem
Present Age
Son’s Age x
Father’s Age y
2x + y = 70 (1) 3y = 120
x + 2y = 95 (2) y = 40 Father’s age
x = 95 – 2y (2a) x = 95 – 2y
x = 95 – 2(40)
2(95 – 2y) + y = 70 x = 95 – 80
190 – 4y + y = 70 x = 15 Age’s age
3y = 190 – 70
Solution
11. The age of the father 5 years ago was 5 times the
age of his son. At present the father’s age is 3 times that
of his son. What is the present age of the father ?
1. 33 years
2. 30 years
3. 45 years
4. Can’t be determined
5. None of these
Age Problem
Present Age Their Age 5 years from now
Father’s Age 3x 3x – 5
Son’s Age x x–5
3x – 5 = 5 (x – 5)
3x – 5 = (5x – 25)
25 – 5 = 5x – 3x
20 = 2x
x = 10 – son’s age
3x = 3(10) = 30 Father’s age
Solution
12. There were 15 students in a class. When the ages of a teacher and a
new boy are added, the average age of the class increases by 10 per cent
while it remains the same when only the age of a boy is added. If the
teacher’s age is eight more than twice the age of the new boy, then find the
initial average age of the class.
1. 15.4 years
2. 16.5 years
3. 11.4 years
4. Can’t be
determined
5. None of these
Age Problem
Let initial average age = x years
After adding age of boy, average remains the same
so, boy’s age = x years.
Therefore, teacher’s age = 2x + 8
According to the question,
Therefore x = 11.4 years (approximately)
Solution
13. The age of a person k years ago was half of what his age
would be k years from now. The age of the same person p years
from now would be thrice of what his age was p years ago. What
is the value of the ratio k : p ?
1.3 : 2
2.2 : 3
3.1 : 4
4.4 : 1
5.None of
these
Age Problem
k years k years p years P years
Person’s Age
from now Ago from now Ago
A A+k A–k A+p A-p
A – k = ½ ( A + k) A=A
2A – 2k = A + k 3k = 2p
2A – A = 2k + k
A = 3k 3=2
A + p = 3 (A – p)
A + p = 3A – 3p
3A – A = p + 3p
2A = 4p
A = 2p
Solution
14. A father’s age is three times the sum of the ages of
his two children, but 20 years hence his age will be
equal to the sum of their ages. Then the father’s age is :
1. 30 years
2. 40 years
3. 35 years
4. 45 years
5. None of
these
Age Problem
Now 20 Years Hence
Father’s Age 3x 3x + 20
Sum of the Children’s
x x + 20
Age
Total 3x + x
Working Equation:
3x + 20 = 3x + x
20 = 4x – 3x
x = 20 – sum of Children’s Ages
3x = 3(20) = 60 – Father’s Age
Solution
15. The average age of an adult class is 40 years.
Twelve new students with an average age of 32 years
join the class, thereby decreasing the average age of the
class by 4 years. The original strength of the class was :
1. 10
2. 11
3. 12
4. 15
5. None of these
Age Problem
Let original strength = x
According to the question,
X = 12
Therefore x = 11.4 years (approximately)
Solution
Part 4. Sequences
1) 2, 7, 10, 22, 18, 37, 26,?
1.42 Solution: split the series
2.52
3.46 2, 10, 18, 26 increased by 8
7, 22, 37 = increased by 15
4.62
5.None of these
Sequences
2) 279936, 46656, 7776, 1296, 216, ?
Solution:
1.60
279936 ÷ 6 = 46656
2.46
46656 ÷ 6 = 7776
3.36 7776 ÷ 6 = 1296
4.66 1296 ÷ 6 = 216
5.None of these 216 ÷ 6 = 36
Sequences
3)12, 38, 116, 350, 1052, ?
1.1800
Solution:
2.2200 12 x 3 + 2= 38
3.2800 38 x 3 + 2= 116
4.3158 116 x 3 + 2= 350
5.None of these 350 x 3 + 2 = 1052
Sequences
4). 46080, 3840, 384, 48, 8, 2, ?
Solution:
1.1 46080 ÷ 12 = 3840
2.1/64 3840 ÷ 10 = 384
3.1/8 384 ÷ 8 = 48
4.2 48 ÷ 6 = 8
8÷4=2
5.None of these
2÷2=1
Sequences
5). 5,28,57,88,125 ?
Solution:
1.156 5 + 23 = 28
28 + 29 = 57
2.147 57 + 31 = 88
88 + 37 = 125
3.166 125 + 41 = 166
Adding consecutive prime numbers
4.186 starting with 23
5.None of these
Sequences
•6-10) .Find the wrong
number in the
following series.
Sequences
6). 13, 18, 25, 30, 37, 40
1.25 The difference
2.30 between successive
3.37 terms from the
4.40 beginning are 7, 5, 7,
5.None of these 5, 7, 5
Sequences
7) 15, 46, 63, 71, 75, 77, 78, 79
1.15 Solution: Start from the last
2.46 79 – 77 = 1
77 – 75 = 2
3.63 75 – 71 = 4
71 – 63 = 8
4.71 (63 – 46 = 17 ) 63 – 47 = 16
5.75 47 – 15 = 32
Sequences
8) 2,3,12,37,86,166,288
1.37
Solution:
2.86 3–2=1
12 – 3 = 9
3.166 37 – 12 = 25
86 – 37 = 49
4.288 167 – 86 = 81
288 – 167 = 121
5.12 Square of odd Numbers
Sequences
9) 15, 16, 34, 105, 424, 2124, 12756
Solution:
1.16 15 x 1 + 1 = 16
2.34 16 x 2 + 2 = 34
34 x 3 + 3 = 105
3.105
105 x 4 + 4 = 424
4.424 424 x 5 + 5 = 2125
5.2124 2125 x 6 + 6 = 12756
Sequences
10) 3, 7, 15, 27, 63, 127, 255
1.7
2.15
3.27
4.63
5.127 Multiples of 3
Sequences
11) 20, 13, 18, 15, 16, 17, 14, ____
1. 18
2. 29
3. 19
4. 23
5. 5
Sequences
12) 18, 13, 36, 31, ______
1. 54
2. 51
3. 72
4. 1296
5. 1291
Sequences
13) 34, 39, 43, 49, ______
1. 82
2. 61
3. 20.5
4. 83
5. 52
Sequences
14) 66, 40, 70, 44, 74, ______
1. 22
2. 48
3. 80
4. 78
5. 72
Sequences
15) 10, 35, 40, 70, ______
1. 55
2. 60
3. 65
4. 75
5. 80
Sequences
16) 33, 42, 41, 50, ______
1. 53
2. 50
3. 49
4. 60
5. 82
Sequences
17) MZ, JT, _____
1. EJ
2. FL
3. GN
4. NB
5. LW
Sequences
18) 39, 78, 40, 80, 41, ____
1. 81
2. 61
3. 20.5
4. 82
5. 123
Sequences
19) .04, .44, .004, _____.
1. .144
2. 144
3. .008
4. .044
5. .00044
Sequences
20) 29, 31, 37, 41, _____.
1. 42
2. 49
3. 44
4. 43
5. 39
Sequences
21) 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13_____.
1. 14
2. 17
3. 19
4. 21
5. 23
Sequences
22) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ____
1. 14
2. 17
3. 19
4. 21
5. 23
Sequences
23) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, ____
1. 51
2. 67
3. 81
4. 64
5. 63
Sequences

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Civil Service Examination

-Meteor Garden 2018

-5°C + 3°C = -2°C

1. (-25) – 37 = -62 6. 7 – (-3) = 10

•0, 4, -4, 2, -11

•12, -43, 1, 13, -17

Rule: Add 5 to get the next

Rule: Divide by 2 to get the next

Rule: Subtract 3 to get the

Rule: Multiply by -1 to get the next

Michael Camorongan Ogoy

Writing Decimal Replacing

Division of Fractions Adding and Subtracting Decimals

< The LCM of 2 and 8 is

• Simon Stevin wrote decimals in

Additional Example 1: Writing Percents as Fractions

Write 88% as a fraction in simplest form.

Write the percent as a fraction with a

Try This: Example 1

Write 45% as a fraction in simplest form.

45% = 45 Write the percent as a fraction with a

Additional Example 2: Writing Percents as Decimals

Write 51% as a decimal.

= 0.51 Write the fraction as a decimal.

Try This: Example 2

Write 67% as a decimal.

= 0.67 Write the fraction as a decimal.

Notice that both 43% and 0.43 mean “43

= 8% Write the fraction as a percent.

Try This: Example 3A & 3B

Write each decimal as a percent.

= 1% Write the fraction as a percent.

Both 0.07 and 7% mean “7 hundredths.”

Write each fraction as a percent.

= 60% Write the fraction as a percent.

7 = 7 ÷ 40 Use division to write a fraction as a

= 17.5% Write the decimal as a percent.

The method shown in 4B works for any denominator.

Write each fraction as a percent.

= 75% Write the fraction as a percent.

9 = 9 ÷ 60 Use division to write a fraction as a

= 15% Write the decimal as a percent.

2. Write 0.65 as a percent. 65%

3. Write 72% as a decimal. 0.72

4. Write 6 as a percent. 60%

5. About 95% of all animals are insects. Express

• Usually written using the symbol % and

Example Standard Form

1. If 4 divides x, them 2 divides x

Company X Company Z Company Y

1)1995 and 1998

3x – 15 = 9(x – 15) 3x = 60 Father’s age

Therefore x = 11.4 years (approximately)

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