Global News and Information

Networks - Case Study: CNN

— The `World's News Leader'
Lecture # 33
This presentation will cover;

• Global News Agencies

• Global news networks

• NWICO, MacBride Report

 Global news agencies

• 1- Reuters
• 2- Associated Press (AP)
• 3- Agence France Presse (AFP)
• 4- United Press International (UPI)
• 5- Deutsche Presse Agentur (DPA)
• 6- Xinhua News Agency
• 7- RIA Novosti (Russian Information Agency)
• 8- Interfax News Agency
• 9- Press Association
• 10- EP (Europa Press)
Reuters
• world's largest international multimedia news provider
touching more than 1 billion people a day.

• Reuters provides unbiased business, financial, national and

international news to professionals via Thomson Reuters
desktops, the world's media organizations, as well as directly
to affluent business professionals through Reuters.com and
other digital platforms.
Associated Press
• the essential global news network, delivering fast, unbiased
news from every corner of the world to all media platforms
and formats.
• Founded in 1846, AP today is the largest and most trusted
source of independent news and information.
• On any given day, more than half the world's population sees
news from AP.
 Agence France Press (AFP)

• AFP is a global news agency delivering fast, accurate, in-depth

coverage of the events shaping our world from wars and conflicts
to politics, sports, entertainment and the latest breakthroughs in
health, science and technology.
• AFP covers the world 24 hours a day in six languages.
• AFP delivers the news in video, text, photos, multimedia and
graphics to a wide range of customers including newspapers and
magazines, radio and TV channels, web sites and portals, mobile
carriers, corporate clients as well as public institutions.
• Founded in 1835 under the name of Havas, AFP is the oldest
press agency in the world.
United Press International

• Since 1907, United Press International (UPI) has been a

leading provider of critical information to media outlets,
businesses, governments and researchers worldwide.
• UPI is a global operation with offices in Beirut, Hong Kong,
London, Santiago, Seoul and Tokyo.
• headquarters located in downtown Washington, DC,
surrounded by major international policy-making
governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Deutsche Presse Agentur (DPA)

• dpa is the largest independent news and information service

provider in Germany.
• In addition to it's internationally published text services in
German, English, Spanish and Arabic, dpa provides image,
graphic and audio news services round the clock.
• Its portfolio extends to multimedia and mobile services, as
well as editorial and technological services, amongst others.
 • The Xinhua News Agency is the
Xinhua News Agency official press agency of the
People's Republic of China and
the biggest center for
collecting information and press
conferences in China.

• Xinhua employs more than

10,000 people, operates 107
foreign bureaus worldwide, and
maintains 31 bureaus in China—
one for each province, plus a
military bureau
 RIA Novosti (Russian Information Agency)

• one of the largest news agencies in Russia.

• Operating under Russian Ministry of Communications and
Mass Media,
• RIA novosti is headquartered in Moscow and operates about
80 bureaus internationally.
• The agency publishes news and analysis of social-political,
economic, scientific and financial subjects on the Internet
and via e-mail in the main European languages,
Interfax News Agency
• Interfax is a Russian non-governmental news
agency based in Moscow
• It is part of the Interfax Information Service
Group, a group of approximately 30 companies
that consist of national, regional and branch
information agencies under the Interfax name.
• It employs around 1,000 journalists and produces
over 1,500 stories daily.
Press Association • The Press Association is the national
news agency for the UK and Ireland,
providing a continuous feed of text,
pictures, video and data into newsrooms
around the country.

• the PA supplies services to every

national and regional daily newspaper,
broadcasters, online publishers and a
wide range of commercial organisations.

• Founded in 1868, the Press Association

has reputation for providing fast, fair
and accurate information.
EP (Europa Press)

• Europa Press is a Spanish independent, privately held news

agency, established in Madrid in 1957.
• The Europa Press group is made up of several independent
limited-liability companies, built around seven areas of
business:
• Europa Press Noticias
• Europa Press Televisión
• Europa Press Reportajes
• Europa Press Comunicación
• Europa Press Internet
• Europa Press Ediciones
• Europa Press.Net
Global news networks…..
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a U.S cable news
channel founded in 1980 by American media mogul
Ted Turner.
Upon its launch, CNN was the first channel to
provide 24 hour television news coverage, and the
first all-news television channel in the United
States.
The company has 36 bureaus (10 domestic, 26
international), more than 900 affiliated local
stations, and several regional and foreign-
language networks around the world.
FIRST BROADCAST
CNN was launched at 5:00 p.m. EST on Sunday
June 1, 1980.
After an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband
and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart
anchored the first newscast.
Tiananmen Square
For CNN, Tiananmen Square was a watershed story.
In May 1989 Gorbachev of Russia was making an official
visit to China. CNN with anchor Bernard Shaw was allowed to
establish a temporary outdoor studio in Beijing.
By coincidence Tiananmen Square confrontation occurred
within next 24 hours when he left.
The Chinese authorities were devastated by the global
coverage provided by the CNN.
US President openly stated that he was watching the events
unfold live on CNN.
Persian Gulf War:
The Persian Gulf War began on August 2, 1990.
CNN was there from the start covering the
story.
Some of the most powerful leaders in the world
depended on the up to date information CNN had
displayed for the world.
Among some of the leaders watching were the
president of the United States, George
Bush, and Saddam Hussein.
CNN was interpreting war to the world.
HEADLINE NEWS
A companion channel, CNN2, was launched on January 1,
1982 and featured a continuous 24-hour cycle of 30-minute
news broadcasts.


The channel, which later became known as "CNN Headline
News" and then simply "HLN", eventually focused on live
news coverage supplemented by personality-based programs
during the evening and primetime hours.
CNN HD
is a high definition simulcast of CNN, launched in
September 2007.All studio shows are aired in HD,
as well as special events.

FILMS
CNN reported in October 2012 that the network
formed CNN Films to distribute and produce
made-for-TV and feature documentaries.
ONLINE
CNN debuted its news
website CNN.com on August
30, 1995.
The site is now one of the
most popular news websites in
the world.
The widespread growth
of blogs, social and user
generated document have
influenced the site.
CNN INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Its international visibility is present in South Africa, Cuba,

Angola, Cyprus, Netherlands, Hungary, Argentina, Brazil,
Philippines, Greece, and Egypt.
CNN Erroneous Report
In June 1998 CNN along with Time magazine alleged
that at some point the US Department of Defense
engaged in damaging activities during the Vietnam
War.

Major wire services and media outlets picked up the

story.

A thorough review of the operation was undertaken

by the US state defense department and did not
find any evidence to support the allegation.
Soon staff associated with the story was dismissed.
 CNN EFFECT
The CNN effect is a theory in political
science and media studies that postulates that
the development of the popular 24 hour
international television CNN had a major impact
on the conduct of states
foreign policy in the late Cold War
period and that CNN and its
subsequent industry competitors
have had a similar impact in the post-Cold War
era.
Cont’d

The CNN effect has now taken an even bigger turn when
social media is included.
This allows direct feedback from those who watch.
Now that there is two-way channel of communication between
the show and the audience.
This allows their voices to be heard much more quickly.
Now CNN is losing market share to MSNBC, FOX
News, Internet news sites and BBC World.
John Cook in his piece “CNN free Fail” writes
about the lack of strategic planning, downsizing
and new ownership.
He also pointed a major shift away from former
model of news being the central focus to the
personality centered schedule focused on
programs like Larry King.
This repositioning of CNN along with new
ownership likely means that Ted Turner era has
come to an end.
CNN COMPETITORS
End
BBC
The privately owned British Broadcasting
Corporation BBC was the world's first national
broadcasting organization, founded on 18 th October
1922. It is the largest broadcaster in the world by
number of employees, with about 23,000 staff.
BBC Radio
Within no time BBC became a model for other nations
as radio began to expand around the world. BBC got
major international boost and acquired an extensive
audience through its high quality reporting during
Second World War since it had no global rival.
Television:
The World’s first television service was started by
BBC on November 2, 1936.
The BBC operates several television channels in the UK
of which BBC One and BBC Two are the flagship
television channels. In addition to these two flagship
channels, the BBC operates several digital only
stations: BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC NEWS, BBC
Parliament, and two children's channels, CBBC
and CBeebies.
Since 2008, all the BBC channels are
available to watch online through the
BBC iplayer service.
BBC NEWS
BBC News is the largest broadcast news gathering
operation in the world, providing services to BBC
domestic radio as well as television networks.

Ratings figures suggest that during major crises

such as the 7 July 2007 London Bombings, the UK
audience overwhelmingly turns to the BBC's
coverage as opposed to its commercial rivals.
INTERNET
The BBC's online presence includes a
comprehensive news website and archive. It was
launched as BBC Online.

BBC has faced various allegations regarding the

Iraq war, political, ethnic and religious, as well as
funding and staffing. It also has been involved in
numerous controversies regarding its coverage of
specific news stories and programming.
DEUTSCHE WELLE
Deutsche Welle is German International Broadcaster. The
service is aimed at the overseas market.
It broadcasts news and information on shortwave,
Internet and satellite radio in 30 languages.
In March 2009, DW-TV expanded its television services in
Asia with two new channels, namely DW-TV Asia and DW-TV
Asia+.
Cont’d

Deutsche Welle is still suffering from financial and

personnel cuts. Its budget was decreased by about €75
million over five years and of the 2,200 employees it had in
1994, 1,200 remain. Further cuts are still expected.
EURO NEWS
Euro news is a European, multilingual news TV channel,
headquartered in France.

Created in 1993, it claims to be covering world news from a Pan

European perspective.

In 1992, following the First Persian Gulf War during which
CNN's position as the preeminent source of 24-hour news
programming was cemented; the EUORPEAN Broadcasting Unit
decided to establish the channel to present information from a
European perspective.
The channel is available in 350 million households in 155
countries worldwide. It reaches more than 170 million
European households by cable and satellite.
It has also begun to secure availability on
multimedia platforms such as IPTV and digital media.
Fox News Channel (FNC)
Fox News, is a cable news channel owned by the Fox
Entertainment Group a subsidiary of News Corporation.
As of April 2009, the channel was available to 102 million
households in the United States and to viewers
internationally.
In 2010, its programs took the top ten spots for most-
watched cable news programs in the 25–54 age
demographic, and the top twelve spots among total cable
news program viewers.
On the night of October 22, 2012, Fox set a record for
its highest-rated telecast ever, with 11.5 million viewers
for the third U.S presidential debate.
SKY NEWS
Launched in 1989 Sky News is a 24-hour British and international satellite TV
news broadcaster with an emphasis on UK and international news stories.

The service places emphasis on rolling news, including the latest breaking
news.

Sky News also hosts localized versions of the channel in Australia and in New
Zealand, as well as their previously operated version in Ireland.

Sky News is also offered in an international version without the British

adverts under the name Sky News International available in Europe and Asia.
CNBC
CNBC is a satellite and cable television Business News Channel in
the United States owned and operated by NBC Universal.

The network and its international spinoffs cover business headlines

and provide live coverage of financial markets. The combined reach of
CNBC and its siblings is 390 million viewers around the world.

There is a fairly clear long-term correlation between the performance

of global stock markets and the audience ratings of CNBC.
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, CNBC's ratings were
increasing sharply along with the stock market, often
beating those of CNN during market hours.
VOA
Voice of America (VOA) is the official
external broadcaster institution of the U.S federal
government.

VOA produces about 1,500 hours of news and feature

programming each week for an estimated global audience of
123 million people.
Urdu Service
The Voice of America's Urdu -language
program Khabron Se Aage (Beyond the Headlines) is
telecast in Pakistan by Express News. Earlier The
Voice of America's Urdu was telecast by Geo News.
This half-hour program features
reports on politics, social issues,
science, sports, culture,
entertainment, and other issues
of interest to Pakistanis as seen
by the US government.
Third world complaints
• Third World is a categorical label used to
describe states that are considered to
be underdeveloped in terms of their economy or
level of industrialization, globalization, standard
of living, health, education or other criteria for
'advancements'.
• Third World have charged that developing
nations are dependent upon the West for
international news.
First (blue), Second (red), and the Third World (green) countries during
the Cold War (1946-90)
Continue…
• News dependency, in turn, is said to lead to the adoption of
Western news values and also cultural imperialism in the
South.

• Developing countries complained of suffering from severe

disadvantages of this western news flow, including influence
on language, pop culture and many more.
Prelude to nwio

1. The global information system is rebirth of the old

imperial economic/political system that kept smaller ,
weaker nations at the periphery, dependent on the
powerful nations of the center.

2. Information is used by the nations of the north as

instrument of domination
Continue…
3. Cultural values in western
news are inappropriate for the
third world.

4. Authentic development is
possible only when third world
establish their own media
system.
New world information order

The New World

Information and
Communication
Order (NWICO or NWIO)
is a term that was coined in
a debate over media
representations of the
developing world
in UNESCO in the late
1970s and early 1980s.
New world information order
• The MacBride Commission produced a report titled "Many Voices, One
World", which outlined the main philosophical points of the New World
Information Communication Order.

• It argued that developing countries should be able to report stories ,

using their own reporters and infrastructure.
Continue…
• One of the aim of the NWIO was to create a more positive
image of developing courtiers.

• Elimination of the negative effects of certain monopolies,

public or private, and excessive concentrations.

• Removal of the internal and external obstacles to a free

flow and better balanced dissemination of information and
ideas.
Continue…& the end!!

• Plurality of sources and channels of information.

• Freedom of the press and information.

• The freedom of journalists and all professionals in the communication

media.

• These all adds up to the solutions, arises by poor and unequal flow of
news around the globe.