Psychrometrics SI 7-21-15

1
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY R
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
 1.0 1.0 -
85
15.0
5000 0.8 .026
2.0 -2000
3000 0.6 SENSIBLE HEAT Qs 4.0 -1000
TOTAL HEAT Qt -8.0 45
0.5 -8
-4.0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
0.4 TB
200
-1 UL
0 .0 B TE
MP 55
0.3
ER
-0.5
50 80 AT
-0.4
UR
-0.3
0
0.2
E-
-0.2
-0.1
0 °F .022
40
0.1
15
00
80
1000
.020
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W 75
35 50
14.5
.018
75
R
AI
Y
F
DR
-°
70 .016
E
30
F
R
O
TU
D
UN
RA
PO
PE
M
R
45
TE
70
PE
.014
N
TU
IO
65
-B
AT
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
.012
EN
65
14.0
60 %
90
VO
LU
.010
ME
%
20 80 60 40
-C
55
U.F
0%
T. P
7
.008
ER
50 55
%
L
60
B. D
13.5
RY
15 45 50
50%
AIR
.006
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

40 45 35
40 %
35
40
.004
30%
13.0
35
20%
.002
12.5
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
30
100
105
110
115
120
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
10 15 20 25
ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR 2

• Introduction
• Properties of Air and Water Vapor
• Building the Psychrometric Chart
• State Points
• Air Conditioning Processes
• Process Charts
• Summary
3
• Understand the properties of air and water
vapor mixtures
• Build the psychrometric chart
• Use the psychrometric chart to determine the
properties of an air/water vapor mixture
• Use the psychrometric chart to understand the
basic air conditioning processes
• Understand how the processes can be
combined into a system using a system plot
diagram and psychrometric chart
ASHRAE definition of Psychrometry – branch of
physics concerned with the measurement or
determination of atmospheric conditions,
particularly the moisture in air.
Dry-bulb Temperature (DBT):
(1)temperature of air indicated by an
ordinary thermometer shielded from solar
and long wave radiation.
(2)in general, any thermometer that
indicates the temperature of air (or other
fluids); distinguished from a wet-bulb
thermometer
(3)Units Degrees Celsius (OC) (OF)
6
Wet-bulb Temperature (WBT):
the temperature indicated when a
thermometer bulb is covered with a water
saturated wick over which air is caused to
flow at approximately 4.5 m/s (900 ft/min)
to reach the equilibrium temperature of
water evaporating into the air when the
heat of vaporization is supplied by the
sensible heat of the air.
Units Degrees Celsius (OC) (OF) 7
Cooling Design Wet-bulb Temperature
(WBT):
the outdoor wet-bulb temperature equal to the
temperature that exceeds a stated number of
hours during a typical weather year. The value is
normally stated as a percent. This value is
applicable to cooling systems where the main
purpose is dehumidification and the prevention
of mold and mildew
Units Degrees Celsius (OC) (OF) 8

Dew-point Temperature (ASHRAE):
temperature of moist air saturated at
pressure p, with the same humidity ratio W
as that of the given sample of moist air. It
is defined as the solution td(p, W) of the
equation: Ws(p, td) = W
Units Degrees Celsius (OC)
9
Dew-point Temperature:
•the temperature at which the water vapor in a
sample of air at constant barometric pressure
condenses into liquid water at the same rate
at which it evaporates. At temperatures below
the dew point, water will leave the air. The
condensed water is called dew when it forms
on a solid surface.
10
Specific Humidity:
1)ratio of the mass of water to the total mass of
a moist air sample. (2) ratio of the mass of water
vapor to total mass of a moist air sample
(including water vapor and dry air) in a
particular volume.
2)Units - Specific humidity is expressed as a
ratio in units of kilograms of water vapor per
kilogram of mixture (lb of moisture/lb of dry air
or grains of moisture/lb of dry air ).
(1 pound = 7000 grains) 11
Relative Humidity (rh, RH):
(1)ratio of the mole fraction of water vapor to
the mole fraction of water vapor saturated at
the same temperature and barometric pressure
(2)ratio of the partial pressure or density of
water vapor to the saturation pressure or
density, respectively, at the same dry-bulb
temperature and barometric pressure of the
ambient air
(3)Unit percentage (%)
12
Enthalpy (h): (also known as heat content),
thermodynamic quantity equal to the sum of the
internal energy of a system plus the product of the
pressure volume work done on the
system. H = E + pv, where H = enthalpy or total
heat content, E = internal energy of the
system, p = pressure, and v = volume
Specific Enthalpy (H): enthalpy per unit mass of

substance.
13
• Determine the temperature at which condensation will
occur in walls or on a duct
• Find all the properties of air by knowing two conditions
• Calculate the required airflow to the space and for the
equipment
• Determine the sensible and total cooling load the unit
should provide
• Determine the coil depth and temperature to meet the
design load conditions
Composition of Air
• Dry-bulb temperature
• Wet-bulb temperature
• Dew-point temperature
• Relative humidity
• Humidity ratio
16
Dry-Bulb Thermometer
17
Dry-Bulb Thermometer
18
Wet-Bulb Thermometer
19
07/15/24 20
Multi-function
Digital
Humidity &
Temperature
Meter,
Thermometer
& Hygrometer
with Wet
Bulb / Dew
Point
21
Sling
Psychrometer
• Avoid adverse conditions that can affect reading

• Moisten wick before procedure
• Rotate device at least 2 minutes
• Read device immediately after rotation
Sling
Psychrometer
Dew Point
Condensation Occurs at Dew point
24
Measuring Dew Point
25
Dew Point
Fog Occurs
when the
Air is
Saturated
26
Relative Humidity
Amount of moisture that a given

Relative amount of air is holding
=
Humidity Amount of moisture that a given
amount of air can hold
27
Relative
Humidity
28
Relative Humidity – Effect of Temperature
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Humidity Ratio
07/15/24 36
Dry Air Water Vapor
Air + Vapor
Mechanical Mixture
25 °C
1 kg Dry Air 1 kg Saturated Air

Contains:
0.97983 kg air
0.02017 kg water (or 20 grams water)
Indoor
•Showers, sinks • Wet Clothes
•Laundry • Refrigerators
•Cooking • Aquariums
•Perspiration • Firewood
•Infiltration of air • Condensation
39
Outdoor
•Water bodies
Oceans
Lakes
Rivers, streams etc
•Rain
•Perspiration
•Condensation
40
100
Air Temperature Air (Barometric) Pressure
07/15/24 41
Air has Weight – Altitude Affects the Weight
42
Air has Weight – Altitude Affects the Weight
Absolute Pressure Scales Compared
psi kPa in. Hg Abs
89.874 24.9 in.
29.921 (1km above sea level)
(3280 feet above sea level)
14.696 101.325
PRESSURE
PRESSURE
29.921
(sea level)
44
MERCURY
Dry Air
DENSITY
Moist Air
45
• 20 °C
• 1.204 kg/m3
• 101.325 kPa 20 °C
11 0 12 0
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa R
Copyright 1992 10 0
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
 1.0 1.0 -
4
12 0
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 -5.0 90
2.0
0.6 SENSIBLE HEAT Qs 4.0 -2.0 30
WE
TOTAL HEAT Qt - TB
0.5 -4.0 UL
B TE
5.0 -2.0 0.0 MP 24.0
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
0.3
1.0 °C 11 0
-0.5
4.0
A
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
0.9
2
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
10 0
25
60 18.0
R
AI
0.9
Y
DR
0
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O
HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
TU
0.8
AL
40
SA
TH
8
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
30 % 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
%
70
OL
8.0
U
10
ME
%
20 60 70
-C
UB
10
0.8
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

%
IC
50
4
6.0
ME
5
TE
40 %
RP
5
0.8
10
ER
4.0
2
KG
30%
60
DR
0.8
YA
20%
0
IR
2.0
0.7
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILOGRAM OF DRY AIR
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
Dry Bulb
Temperature

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
HUMIDITY
26.0
24.0
RATIO 22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0

12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL 30
30
Wet Bulb
WE
TB
UL
BT
EM
PE
RA
TU
RE
- °C
Temperature 25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0.9
4
Specific
Volume
0.9
2
0.9
0
0.8
8
0.8
6V
OL
UME
-C
UB
0.8
IC
4
ME
TE
RP
0.8
ER
2
KG
D RY
0.8
AIR
0
0.7
8
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
Relative
Humidity
%
90
%
80
%
70
%
60
%
50
40%
30%
20%
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0.9
4
Enthalpy
0.9
2
0.9
0
0.8
8
0.8
VO6
LU
ME
-C
UB
0.8
IC
4
ME
TE
RP
0.8
ER
2
KG
DR
0.8
Y
AIR
0
0.7
8
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 100

SEA LEVEL
120
90
Enthalpy 80
110
70
100
60
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
PE
N
O
J
TI
-K
RA
YP
TU
AL
40
SA
TH
EN
80
30
20 70
10
60
10 20 30 40 50
Dry Bulb Humidity Dry Bulb Humidity
Temp OC Ratio (grams) Temp OC Ratio (grams)
0 3.8 35 37.0
5 5.4 40 49.0
10 7.7 45 65.0
15 11.0 50 87.0
20 15.0 55 120
25 20.0 60 150
55
100% Relative Humidity Curve
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
30
WE
TB
UL
B TE
MP 24.0
Saturation
ER
AT
UR
E-
°C
22.0
25
Line
20.0
25
18.0
16.0
20
14.0

20
12.0
15
10.0
15
10 8.0
10

6.0
5
5
4.0
2.0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
30
WE
TB
UL
B TE
MP 24.0
ER
AT
UR
E-
°C
22.0
25
20.0
25
18.0
16.0
20
14.0

20
12.0
15
10.0
15
10 8.0
10

6.0
5
5
4.0
2.0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
Dry Bulb Temperature Scale

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
30
WE
TB
UL
B TE
MP 24.0
ER
AT
UR
E-
°C
Specific HumidityScale
22.0
25
20.0
25
18.0
16.0
20
14.0

20
12.0
15
10.0
15
10 8.0
10

6.0
5
5
4.0
2.0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
Point 30 C db and 12 O 30
WE
TB
UL
B TE
MP 24.0
Grams moisture/kg dry air

ER
AT
UR
E-
°C
22.0
25
20.0
25
18.0
16.0
20
14.0

20
12 grams 12.0
15
10.0
15
10 8.0
10

6.0
5
5
4.0
2.0
30 C
O
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
Point 30 C db and 21 C O O 30
WE
TB
UL
B TE
MP
ER
24.0
wb
AT
UR
E-
°C
22.0
25
20.0
25
18.0
16.0
20
14.0

20
12.0
15
21 O 10.0
C
15
10 8.0
10

6.0
5
5
4.0
2.0
30 OC
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
Point 30 C db and 45% rh O 30

WE
TB
UL
BT
EM
PE
24.0
RA
TU
RE
- °C
22.0
25
20.0
25
18.0
16.0
20
50% 14.0

20
40% 12.0
%
15 90
% 10.0
80
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
60
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
5
4.0
30%
20%
2.0
10% RELATIV
E HUMIDITY
30 C
O
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
Point 30 OC db and 45% rh 30

WE
TB
26.0
DP = 16.8 OC
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
RE
- °C
Point 30 OC db and 8.0 grams 22.0
DP = 10.6 OC
25
20.0
25
Point 30 C db and 15 C wb
18.0
O O
DP = 2.4 OC
16.0
20
50% 14.0

20
16.8 %
40% 12.0
15 90
% 10.0
80
10.6
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
60
10

%
50 6.0
2.4
5
40 %
5
4.0
30%
20%
2.0
10% RELATIV
E HUMIDITY
30 C
O
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
DB = 14 OC and 100% rh 30
WE
TB
UL
B
DP = 14 OC WB = 14 OC
TE 24.0
MP
ER
AT
UR
E-
°C
22.0
DB = 25.2 OC db and 50 % rh 25
DP = 14 OC WB = 17.9 OC
20.0
25
18.0
DB = 34 C db and 30% rh
O
16.0
DP = 14 OC WB = 10 OC 20
14.0

20
A B C
12.0
%
15 90
% 10.0
80
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
60
10

%
50 6.0
5
40%
5
4.0
30 %
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
30 C O
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
4
26.0
DB = 30 OC
30
WE
TB
UL
B TE 24.0
MP
ER
AT
UR
rh = 45 %
E-
°C
22.0
0.9
2
w = ? gr/kg dry air
25
20.0
25
18.0
WB = ? OC
0.9
0
16.0
DP = ? OC
20
A
14.0

20
0.8
V = ? m3/kg dry air
8
12.0
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
%
70
OLU
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
6.0
M
5
ET E
40%
RP
5
0.8
ER
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
D RY
0.8
20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
65
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
4
26.0
DB = 30 C
O 30
WE
TB
UL
B TE
MP
ER
AT
24.0
rh = 45 %
UR
E-
°C
22.0
0.9
2
w = 12 gr/kg dry air
25
20.0
25
18.0
WB = 21.042 OC
0.9
0
16.0
DP = 16.778 OC
20
A
14.0

20
v = 0.875 m3/kg dry air
0.8
8
12.0
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
%
70
OLU
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
6.0
M
5
ET E
40%
RP
5
0.8
ER
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
D RY
0.8
20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
66
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
4
DB = 23 C
26.0
O 30
WE
TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
WB = 17 OC
RA
TU
RE
-°
C
22.0
0.9
2
w = ? gr/kg dry air 25
20.0
rh = ? %
25
18.0
0.9
0
16.0
DP = ? OC 20
14.0

V = ? m3/kg dry air
20
0.8
8
12.0
A
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
6.0
ME
5
TER
4 0%
PER
5
0.8
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
DR
0.8
YA
20%
0
IR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
67
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
4
26.0
30
DB = 23 OC
WE
TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
RE
-°
WB = 17 OC
C
22.0
0.9
2
25
rh = 55.04 %
20.0
25
18.0
w = 9.68 gr/kg dry air
0.9
0
16.0
DP = 13.494 OC
20
14.0

20
0.8
V = 0.852 m3/kg dry air
8
12.0
A
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
6.0
ME
5
TER
4 0%
PER
5
0.8
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
DR
0.8
YA
20%
0
IR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
68
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
4
26.0
30
Window Temperature - 0 C
WE
TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
RE
Room Temperature - 26 OC
- °C
22.0
0.9
2
What is the maximum setting on a 25
20.0
humidifier to prevent condensation 25

18.0
on the interior of the window?
0.9
0
16.0
20
14.0

20
0.8
8
12.0
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15 0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
6.0
M
5
ET E
4 0%
RP
5
0.8
ER
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
D RY
0.8
20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
69
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
4
26.0
30
Window Temperature - 0 C
WE
TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
RE
Room Temperature - 26 OC
- °C
22.0
0.9
2
What is the maximum setting on a 25
20.0
humidifier to prevent condensation 25

18.0
on the interior of the window?
0.9
0
16.0
20
Answer – 14.4% 14.0

20
0.8
8
12.0
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15 0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
6.0
M
5
ET E
4 0%
RP
14.4 %
5
0.8
ER
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
D RY
0.8
20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
0 OC 30 OC 70
Un-insulated Ductwork in conditioned space:
Space DB = 23 OC RH = 50%
Duct temperature 12 OC
Will condensation form on the duct.?
First locate the intersection of the 23 OC dry bulb

temperature and the 50% relative humidity curve.
From this intersection follow the dew point line to
the saturation curve. From this point on the
saturation read the dew point temperature on the dry
bulb scale.
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
4
26.0
30
WE
TB
Duct Temperature – 12 OC
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
RE
- °C
DP – 12.0 OC 22.0
0.9
2
25
20.0
Duct will sweat

25
18.0
0.9
0
16.0
20
14.0

20
0.8
8
12.0
%
15
90
80
%
15
A 0.8
6V
10.0
%
70
OLU
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
6.0
ME
5
TER
4 0%
PER
5
0.8
0 4.0
2
3 0%
KG
DRY
0.8
20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
TIVE HU MIDITY
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
07/15/24 72
Un-insulated Ductwork in conditioned space:
Space DB = 23 OC RH = 55%
Duct temperature 12 OC
Will condensation form on the duct.?
First locate the intersection of the 23 OC dry bulb

temperature and the 55% relative humidity curve.
From this intersection follow the dew point line to
the saturation curve. From this point on the
saturation read the dew point temperature on the dry
bulb scale.
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
4
26.0
30
Duct Temperature – 12 OC
W ET
B UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
DP – 13.5 OC
RE
- °C
22.0
0.9
2
25
20.0
Duct will NOT sweat 25

18.0
0.9
0
16.0
20
14.0

20
0.8
8
12.0
A
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
%
70
OLU
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
6.0
M
5
ET E
4 0%
RP
5
0.8
ER
0 4.0
2
30 %
KG
DR
0.8
20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
74
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa
R R 10
5
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
10
030
0.9
4
95
Design Conditions - Piarco 0.4%

26.0
30
WE
90 TB
UL
p Process db OC wb OC
BT
EM 24.0
PE
OA - Dehum
RA
85 TU
RE
- °C
22.0
OA - Evap
0.9
80
2
75 25
20.0
Cooling 33.8 25.6

70
25
OA - Cooling
18.0
65
0.9
0
60 16.0
20
55
Evap. 31.0 27.1 14.0

50 20
0.8
8
45 12.0
Point Db C
O
rh
%
15
90
40
RM
% 10.0
Dehum 29.2 26.86

80
35
LAT
15
0.8
6V
%
70
OLU
30
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
25
RM 23 55
CU
0.8
10

BIC
20 %
50
4
6.0
M
5
ETE
15
40%
R
PER
LAT 12.7 95
0.8
10
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
5
DR
0.8
YA
0 20%
0
IR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R R 10
5
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
10
030
0.9
4
Point Used Load
95
26.0
30
WE
90 TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
OA - Dehum
RA
85 TU
RE
-°
C
22.0
OA - Cooling 52.7 kw (15.0 Tons)
0.9
80
2
75 25
20.0
70
25
OA - Cooling
18.0
Air
OA Flow 1,000 l/s59.8
– Dehum. (2,119
kw cfm)
(17.0
65
0.9
0
60 16.0
Tons) 55
20
14.0

50 20
0.8
8
45 12.0
%
15
90
40
RM
% 10.0
80
35
lat LAT
15
0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
30
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
25
CU
0.8
10

BIC
20 %
50
4
6.0
ME
5
TER
15
4 0%
PER
5
0.8
10
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
5
DR
0.8
YA
0 20%
0
IR
-5 2.0
0.7
TIVE HU MIDITY
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
5
STATE POINTS
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R R 10
5
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
10
030
0.9
4
95
Mixed Air
26.0
30
WE
90 TB
UL
B TE 24.0
OA -1200 l/s @ 35/26 OC db/wb

MP
E RA
85 TU
RE
- °C
22.0
0.9
RA - 1200 l/s @ 23/17 OC db/wb
80
2
75 25
20.0
MA - 2400 l/s @ 29/21.9 OC db/wb 70

25
OA
18.0
65
0.9
0
60 16.0
20
55
MA
14.0

50 20
0.8
8
45 12.0
%
15
90
40
RA
% 10.0
80
35 15
0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
30
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
25
CU
0.8
10

BIC
20 %
50
4
6.0
ME
5
TER
15
4 0%
5 PER
0.8
10
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
5
D
RY
0.8
0 20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R R 10
5
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
10
030
0.9
4
95
26.0
30
Mixed Air
WE
90 TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
85 TU
RE
OA -600 l/s @ 35/26 OC db/wb

- °C
22.0
0.9
80
2
RA - 1800 l/s @ 23/17 OC db/wb 75 25
20.0
70
MA - 2400 l/s @ 26/19.6 OC db/wb

25
OA
18.0
65
0.9
0
60 16.0
20
55
14.0

50 20
0.8
MA
8
45 12.0
%
15
90
40
RA
% 10.0
80
35 15
0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
30
10 8.0
M
%
25 60 E-
CU
0.8
10

BIC
20 %
50
4
6.0
ME
5
T ER
15
4 0%
PE R
5
0.8
10
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
5
DR
0.8
YA
0 20%
0
IR
-5 2.0
0.7
DITY
TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
5
Work Session 1
1. Using your psychrometric chart, find the proper values needed to fill in the blank spaces.
db wb %rh dp W
A 23 17
B 23 40
C 23 10
D 17 15.9
E 17 30
F 35.5 15.5
W = specific humidity, gr/kg of dry air

Work Session 1
1. Using your psychrometric chart, find the proper values needed to fill in the blank spaces.
db wb %rh dp W
A 23 17 55 13.5 9.7
B 23 14.7 40 8.7 7.01
C 23 17.3 56.8 13.98 10
D 19 17 82.3 15.9 11.3
E 28.5 17 30 9.5 7.4
F 35.5 22 35.5 15.5 11.1
W = specific humidity, gr/kg of dry air

AIR CONDITIONING PROCESSES
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
30
WE
TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
RE
- °C
22.0
0.9
2
25
20.0
25
18.0
0.9
0
16.0
20
14.0

20
0.8
8
12.0
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
%
70
OL
8.0
UM
10
%
E-
60
CU
0.8
10

BIC
%
50
4
2010 6.0
M
5 0.5 Clo
ETE
COMFORT
4 0%
R PE
5
0.8
RK
0 4.0
2
30 %
GD
RY
0.8
20%
AIR
0
2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
5
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
A-B Sensible Heating R
Copyright 1992
R
28.0
SEA LEVEL
A-C Sensible Cooling
30
0.9
4
26.0
A-D Humidification
30
WE
TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
A-H Dehumidification
TU
RE
- °C
D
22.0
0.9
2
A-E Cooling and 25
C 20.0
Humidification E 25
18.0
(Evaporative Cooling)
0.9
0
16.0
A-G Cooling and 20
Dehumidification A
14.0

20
0.8
F B
8
12.0
A-C Heating and

%
15
Humidification 90
% 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
A-I Heating and
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
CU
Dehumidification
10 0.8

BIC
%
50
4
G
6.0
ME
I
5
TER
4 0%
PER
5
0.8
0 4.0
2
H
30%
KG
DRY
0.8
20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
TIVE HUMIDITY
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
5
A B C
85
Air Flow Rate 10 m3/s
State 1 – Saturated Air at 2OC
State 2 – 40OC
Heat Addition = ?
Formulae
m = flow rate / density
Q = m (h2-h1)
v = 0.785 m3/kg
h2 = 51.4 kJ/kg (dry air)
h1 = 12.908 kJ/kg (dry air)
M = 10/0.785 = 12.7
q = 12.7 (51.4 – 12.908) = 488 kw
07/15/24 86
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
°C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0.1
0 22.0
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
TU
AL
40
SA
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
30 % 10.0
80
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40%
10 5
4.0
30 %
A B
60
20%
2.0
Y
VE HUMIDIT
10% RELATI
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
07/15/24 87
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R R 10
5
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
10
030
0.9
4
95
26.0
qs  1.23  L / s  t
30
WE
90 TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
85 TU
RE
-°
C
22.0
0.9
80
2
75 25
20.0
Air Flow = 50 l/s 70

25
18.0
∆t = 17
65
0.9
0
60 16.0
Qs = 1.2 * 50 * 17 = 1020 W 55
20
14.0

50 20
0.8
8
45 12.0
A B
%
15
90
40
% 10.0
80
35 15
0.8
6V
%
70
OLU
30
10 8.0
% M
60
E-
25 CU
0.8
10

BIC
20 %
50
4
6.0
ME
5
TER
15
4 0%
PER
5
0.8
10
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
5
DR
0.8
YA
0 20%
0
IR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
88
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R R 10
5
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
10
030
0.9
4
95
26.0
qs  1.23  L / s  t
30
WE
90 TB
UL
B TE 24.0
MP
E RA
85 TU
RE
- °C
22.0
0.9
80
2
75 25
Air Flow = 50 l/s

20.0
70
25
∆t = 10
18.0
65
0.9
B A
0
Qs = 1.2 * 50 * 10 = 600 W 55
60
20
16.0
14.0

50 20
0.8
8
45 12.0
%
15
90
40
% 10.0
80
35 15
0.8
6V
%
70
OLU
30
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
25
CU
0.8
10

BIC
20 %
50
4
6.0
M
5
ETE
15
4 0%
R
PER
5
0.8
10
0 4.0
2
30 %
KG
5
DR
0.8
0 20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
89
Air Flow (Standard) Relative Humidity Ratio
Dry Bulb (°C) Wet Bulb (°C)
(L/s) Humidity (%) (g/kg)
1. A STATE POINT
DATA
50 40 25.546 31.6 14.74
Air Flow (Standard) Relative Humidity Ratio

Dry Bulb (°C) Wet Bulb (°C)
(L/s) Humidity (%) (g/kg)
2. B STATE POINT
DATA
qs  1.23  L / s  t
50 30 22.917 55 14.74
Process: Sensible 90
Heating
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R R 10
5
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
10
030
0.9
4
95
26.0
qL  3.01  L / s  w
30
WE
90 TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
85 TU
RE
- °C
22.0
0.9
80
2
B
75 25
20.0
Air Flow = 50 l/s 70

25
18.0
∆w = 8
65
0.9
0
60 16.0
QL = 3.01 * 50 * 8 = 1204 W 55
20
14.0

50 20
0.8
A
8
45 12.0
%
15
90
40
% 10.0
80
35 15
0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
30
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
25
CU
0.8
10

BIC
20 %
50
4
6.0
ME
5
T ER
15
4 0%
PE R
5
0.8
10
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
5
D
RY
0.8
0 20%
0
AIR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
91
1. A
STATE POINT DATA
Air Flow
Wet Bulb (°C) Relative Humidity Dew Point
(Standard) Dry Bulb (°C)
Humidity (%) Ratio (g/kg) (°C)
(L/s)
50 30 21.038 45.0 12.00 16.772

2. B
STATE POINT DATA
Air Flow
Wet Bulb (°C) Relative Humidity Dew Point
(Standard) Dry Bulb (°C)
Humidity (%) Ratio (g/kg) (°C)
(L/s)
qL  3.01  L / s  w
50 30 26.151 74.0 20.00 24.861
Process: Humidification
92
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R R 10
5
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL
10
030
0.9
4
95
26.0
ql  3.01  L / s  w
30
WE
90 TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
85 TU
RE
-°
C
22.0
0.9
80
2
Air Flow = 50 l/s 75 25
A 20.0
∆w = 16 65
70
25
18.0
Qs = 3.01 * 50 * 16 = 2408 W
0.9
0
60 16.0
20
55
14.0

50 20
0.8
8
45 12.0
%
15
90
40
% 10.0
80
35 15
0.8
6V
7 0%
OLU
30
10 8.0
M
%
60
E-
25
CU
0.8
10

BIC
20 %
50
4
6.0
ME
5
TER
15
4 0%
B
PER
5
0.8
10
0 4.0
2
30%
KG
5
DR
0.8
YA
0 20%
0
IR
-5 2.0
0.7
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
93
1. A STATE
POINT DATA
Air Flow Relative Humidity Ratio

(Standard) (L/s) Dry Bulb (°C) Wet Bulb (°C) Humidity (%) (g/kg) Dew Point (°C)
50 30 26.151 74 20 24.861
2. B STATE
POINT DATA
Air Flow Relative Humidity Ratio

(Standard) (L/s) Dry Bulb (°C) Wet Bulb (°C) Humidity (%) (g/kg) Dew Point (°C)
50 30 14.517 15.2 4 0.739
Process:
Dehumidification 94
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
30
WE
TB
Humidifying
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
RE
- °C
22.0
25
20.0
25
18.0
16.0
20
14.0

20
A 12.0
Cooling Heating
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
60
10

%
50 6.0
5
40%
5
0 4.0
30%
20%
-5 2.0
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
Dehumidifying
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
95
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
26.0
30
WE
TB
UL
BT
EM 24.0
PE
RA
TU
RE
- °C
22.0
25
20.0
25
18.0
16.0
20
14.0

20
A 12.0
%
15
90
% 10.0
80
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
60
10

%
50 6.0
5
0
Cooling
5
40%
4.0
30%
-5
And Dehumidifying 20%
2.0
ITY
TIVE HUMID
10% RELA
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
96
Enthalpy: The total energy in one pound
of air (Btu/lb) at its present condition
Enthalpy = Sensible heat + Latent Heat
97
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
100
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
R E
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
IO

J
-K
AT
20
R
P Y
TU
AL
A
40
SA
TH
12.0
EN
15 90
%
AL 80
30 0%
T 10.0
LATENT
8
TO
15
%
70
10 8.0
20 6 0% 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
C B
10 5
4.0
30 %
SENSIBLE
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
98
qt  qs  ql
Qs = 1.2 * L/s * ∆t
Ql = 3.01 * L/s * ∆w
Qt = 1.2 * L/s * ∆h
Flow = 50 l/s State db w h
Point O
C O
C
Process A – B
Ql = 3.01 * 50 * 8 = 1204 W
A 30 12 60.77
Process B – C
Qs = 1.2 * 50 * 15 = 900 W B 30 4 40.30
Ql = 3.01 * L/s * ∆w
Qt = 1204 + 922 = 2104 W C 15 4 25.11
Qs = 1.23 * 50 * ∆t
Using change on enthalpy qt  qs  ql
Process B – C
Qt = 1.2 * 50 * 35.66 = 2139 W Qt = 1.2 * L/s * ∆h
SENSIBLE HEAT
SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR  ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
SENSIBLE HEAT  LATENT HEAT

110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
100
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
SHF =---------------
922
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
922 + 1204
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
R E
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
= 0.434
PE
N
IO

J
-K
AT
20
R
P Y
TU
AL
A
40
SA
TH
12.0
EN
15 90
%
AL 80
30 0%
T 10.0
LATENT
8
TO
15
%
70
10 8.0
20 6 0% 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
C B
10 5
4.0
30 %
SENSIBLE
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
101
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0
MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
0.3
1.0 °C 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-° 16.0
F
O
R E
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
IO

J
-K
AT
20
R
Y
LP
TU
A
40
HA
SA
T
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
30 % 10.0
80
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40%
C B
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
102
78°F DB
65°F
index WB
point
103
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
U
AL
40
SA
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
30 % 10.0
80
15
%
70
20
10
60
% A 8.0
70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
104
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
°C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
B – Apparatus Dew Point 60

25
18.0
R
AI
APD – 10.8OC
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
Y
LP
TU
40
HA
SA
T
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
B
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40%
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
105
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
100
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
-2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
PE
5.0
0.4 -1 RA
.0 TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
R
C
D
-°
16.0
F
O
E
R
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
U
AL
40
SA
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
30 % 10.0
80
15
0%
A
7
B
10 8.0
C
%
60 70
D
20
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
Face Area = Length  Height
Length
Velocity = cfm / face area Height
Fins
Rows
Refrigerant Temperature
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
0.3
1.0 °C 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
TU
AL
40
SA
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
30 % 10.0
80
15
7 0%
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
108
50° F Refrigerant Temp
Numbers represent tr = 50° F
the number of rows
3 2
4
5 2
4 3 2
6 3 tr = 45° F
5 4
6
5 tr = 40° F
6
40 50 60 70 80 90
Bypass Factor 
13.5  10.6 
 0.20
24  10.6
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
R
C
D
-°
16.0
F
O
E
R
AM
U
AT
50
R
90
G
20
R
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
IO

J
-K
AT
20
R
PY
TU
AL
40
SA
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
30 % 10.0
80
15
%
B
70
10
A 8.0
C
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
Y
VE HUMIDIT
10% RELATI
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10.6 13.5 24.0

10 20 30 40 50
BYPASS
ROWS
FACTOR
2 0.31
3 0.18
4 0.10
5 0.06
6 0.03
AIR BYPASS
VELOCITY FACTOR
1.52 m/s 0.11

2.03 m/s 0.14
BYPASS
FINS PER CM
FACTOR
3 0.31
5 0.18
LOWER BYPASS
6 FACTORS RESULT
0.03 FROM:
• Larger number of rows
• Lower air velocity
• More fins
• Packaged Units to 70 kw
– Rows 2 to 4
– BF 0.18 to 0.07
• Packaged Units over 70 kw
– Rows 3 to 6
– BF 0.32 to 0.03
• Packaged Air Handlers
– Rows 3 or 4
– BF 0.12 to 0.03
• Air Handlers
– Rows 3 to 10
– BF 0.12 to 0.002
• STEP 1: Calculate the sensible heat ratio (SHR)
24,000 W sensible heat gain

6,000 W latent heat gain
24,000 W
SHR = -------------------- = 0.80
30,000 W
115
A: Room Conditions: 24°C DB, 50% RH
B: Outdoor air (OA) temp. — 31°C DB, 26°C WB
Ventilation Quantity — 25% OA
116
STEP 2: Plot Room, Outdoor, and Entering Conditions
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1.0 ER
AT
80 UR
E-
0.3
1.0 °C 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
E
R
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
PY
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
%
70
10 8.0
20 6 0% 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILOGRAM OF DRY AIR 117
Step 3: Plot the sensible heat factor line
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
°C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0 -0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
VE HUMIDITY
10% RELATI
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
118
Step 4: Determine the Supply Air Conditions
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
-2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
PE
5.0
0.4 -1 RA
.0 TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
R
C
D
-°
16.0
F
O
E
R
AM
U
AT
50
R
90
G
20
R
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
IO

J
-K
AT
20
R
P Y
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
D
10.0
A
30
8 0%
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

5 0% 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
119
10 20 30 40 50
Step 4: Solve the Supply Airflow Equation
Sensible Heat Gain

Supply Air Flow = --------------------------------------------
1.2 × (Room DB – Supply DB)
24,000 W
= --------------------------- = 1,613 L/s
1.2 x (24OC – 11.6OC)
1L/s = 0.001 m3/s 120

NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
0.9
 1.0 1.0 -
4
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0
WE
0.5 -4.0 UL
BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0
RA
TU
RE
- °C
0.3
1.0
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
0.9
2
3.0
2.0
25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
25
18.0
0.9
0
16.0
20
14.0

20
0.8
8
12.0
%
15 90
% 10.0
80
15
0.8
6V
%
70
A
OL
8.0
U
10
ME
%
60
D
-C
UB
0.8
10

%
IC M
50
4
6.0
5
ET
ER
4 0%
PE
5
0.8
4.0
2
KG
3 0%
DR
0.8
20%
AIR
0
2.0
0.7
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
121
A B Process
Air Flow 1,613 1,613 Total Energy 29,645
Sensible Energy 23,712

DB 24 12
WB 17.057 11.361 Latent Energy 5,933
RH 50 92.9 Sensible Heat 0.8

W 9.34 8.13 Ratio
h 47.811 32.509
122
DP 12.944 10.883
A B C D
Air Flow 1,225 410 1,635 1,613
DB 24 31 25.8 12
WB 17.057 26 8.609 11.361
RH 50 67.57 . 92.9
W 9.34 19.31 8.13
h 47.811 80.48 32.509
DP 12.944 24.294 10.883

123
A B C D
Air 1,225 410 1,635 1,613

Process
Flow
Total Energy 45,346
DB 24 31 25.8 12
Sensible Energy 27,191
WB 17.057 26 8.609 11.361
RH 50 67.57 . 92.9 Latent Energy 18,155

W 9.34 19.31 8.13
Sensible Heat 0.8
h 47.811 80.48 32.509 Ratio
DP 12.944 24.294 10.883
v 0.854 0.888 0.818 124

SA D C 31°C DB
25.8°C DB 26°C WB
1,613L/s
12°C DB
8.6°C WB B OA
mixture
11.6°C WB
24°C DB
50% RH RA A
125
Arbitrarily using 12OC Supply Air. Air Flow remains
the same. Latent load remains the same
12,000 W sensible heat gain
6,000 W latent heat gain
12,000 W
SHR = -------------------- = 0.67
18,000 W
126
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
°C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
PY
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
D
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

5 0% 6.0
5
40%
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
127
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
°C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
D
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40%
10 5
4.0
30%
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
128
GTH = 1.2  l/s  h
Where:
GTH = Grand Total Heat, W
1.2 = Constant
l/s = liters per second
h = Difference in enthalpy from
air entering to air leaving
conditions
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
-2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
STEP 1: Find enthalpies

5.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
entering and leaving coil

3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5 20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
B 25
100
60 18.0
56
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
R E
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
IO

J
-K
AT
20
R
Y
LP
TU
40
HA
SA
T
12.0
EN
32
% 80
90
C
15
10.0
30
8 0%
15
%
70
10
60
% A 8.0
D
20 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
130
Step 2 : Use formula
Refrigeration Load, Q, (W) = 1.2  l/s  h
Q = 1.2 x 1,613 l/s x (56 – 32)

= 46,456 W
07/15/24 131
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5 20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
B 25
100
60 18.0
56
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
46.8 R E
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
IO

J
-K
AT
20
R
Y
LP
TU
40
HA
SA
T
12.0
EN
32
% 80
90
C
15
10.0
30
8 0%
15
%
70
10
60
% A 8.0
D
20 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
132
Step 2 : Use formula
Load, Q, (W) = 1.2  l/s  h
QL = 1.2 x 1,613 l/s x (56 – 46.8)

= 17,807 W
QS = 1.2 x 1,613 l/s x (46.8 – 32)

= 28,647 W
QT = 17,807 + 28,647 = 46,454 W

07/15/24 133
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
-2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
PE
5.0
0.4 -1 RA
.0 TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0 70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
B 25
100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
Y
LP
TU
40
HA
SA
T
12.0
EN
% 80
90
C 11.8
15
30 % 10.0
80
15
0%
A
7
10 8.0
%
60
D
20 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
11.6 25.8
10 20 30 40 50
134
QL = 3.01 x l/s x ∆w
QL = 3.01 x 1613 x (11.8 – 8)
= 18,449 W
QS = 1.2 x l/s x ∆t
QS = 1.2 x 1,613 l/s x (25.8 – 11.6)
= 27,485 W
QT = 18,449 + 27,485 = 45,934 W

07/15/24 135
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
100
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
-2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
PE
5.0
SHR at
0.4 -1 RA
.0 TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
Full Load Conditions

70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
E
UR
AM
AT
50
R
90
G
20
R
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
PY
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
30
8 0%
15
%
70
10
60
% A 8.0
D
20 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
136
SHR Changes
Full Load Sensible Heat Gain = 24,000 W

Full Load Latent Heat gain = 6,000 W
Full Load SHR = 24,000/ (24,000 + 6,000 ) = 0.8
Part Load Sensible Heat Gain = 12,000 W

Part Load Latent Heat Gain = 6,000 W
Part Load SHR = 12,000 / (12,000 + 6,000) = 0.67

137
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
%
70
20
D
10
60
%
8.0
70
10

%
50 6.0
5
10 D’ 5
40 %
30 %
4.0
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
138
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
SHR at
100
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
Full Load Conditions

10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
0.3
1.0 °C 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
24,000 = 1.2 x 1,613l/s x (24OC – supply db)
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
Supply DB = 11.6OC
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
E
R
AM
TU
50
R
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
IO

J
-K
AT 20
R
P Y
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30
8 0%
15
%
70
20
D
10
60
%
8.0
70
10

5 0% 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
139
Constant Air Flow – Variable air temperature
OA
D C
B
SA
RA A
modulating
cooling coil
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100
SHR at
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
Part Load Conditions

WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
0.3
1.0 °C 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
12,000 = 1.2 x 1,613l/s x (24 C – supply db) O ENTHALPY

HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
Supply DB = 17.8OC
TU
RA
50
RA
G 20 90
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
A'
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
PY
TU
L
40
HA
SA
C
T
12.0
EN
D'
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
%
70
20
D
10
60
%
8.0
70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
141
Constant Air Flow – With Reheat
D B
C
Cooling
Reheat Coil
Coil Room A
E Thermostat
Adding Reheat Improves

Humidity Control
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100
SHR at
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
Part Load Conditions

WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
-2.0 0.0 TE 24.0
5.0 MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
0.3
1.0 °C 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
12,000 = 1.2 x 1,613l/s x (24 C – supply db) O

ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
Supply DB = 17.8OC RA
50
RA
G 20 90
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
A'
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
PY
TU
L
40
HA
SA
C
T
12.0
EN
D'
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
%
70
20
D
10
60
%
8.0
70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
143
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0 -0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
LO
PE
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
PY
TU
AL
40
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30 %
80
15
%
70
20
D
10
60
%
8.0
70
10
D'

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
144
OA
D C
B
SA
A
Variable-Speed RA
Drive
145
Variable Air Flow of Constant-Temperature air
11 0 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
100
28.0
SEA
METERS
LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
12 0
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 B
12,000 = 1.2 x l/s x (24 C – 11.6 C)

TE
O O 24.0
-2.0 0.0
5.0
MP
0.4 -1 ER
.0 AT
80 UR
E-
0.3
1.0 °C 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0 70 25
l/s = 806
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
25
B 100
60 18.0
R
AI
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
E
UR
M
RA
AT
50
90
G
20
R
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
20
UR
P Y
AL
40
A'
SA
C
TH
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
10.0
A
30
8 0%
15
%
70
20
D
10
60
%
8.0
70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40%
10 5
4.0
30%
60
20%
2.0
E HUMIDITY
10% RELATIV
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
146
5
10 20 30 40 50
EA DEA
RA System plots can be
used to understand and
analyze performance
OA
SA
RA Return Air
DEA Direct Exhaust Air OA
OA Outside Air
EA Exhaust Air
SA Supply Air
All-Air System
1. Load Estimate
2. Psychrometric Estimate of Coil Entering
and Leaving Conditions
3. Coil Selection and Air Handler Sizing
4. Refrigeration Plant Sizing
5. Room Air Distribution Design
6. Air Duct Design
7. Fan Selection
8. Control System Selection
1. The Room Process
2. The Return Process
3. The OA / RA Mixing Process
4. The Coil Process
5. The Supply Process
EA DEA
RA
OA
SA
1. Air absorbs room load

2. Remainder returns to AHU
3. OA/RA mix in AHU
4. AHU produces cool air
5. Cool air passes through supply duct and air terminal
or diffuser and mixes with room air
DEA Some air exhausted directly (locally), some air exfiltrates
EA Some RA exhausted at/near AHU
OA Outdoor air brought in for ventilation
EA DEA
110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992
100
28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
RA
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5
-4.0 UL
BT
-2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
PE
5.0
0.4 -1.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
3
60 18.0
AIR
Y
DR
C
-°
16.0
F
O
RE
M
TU
RA
50
RA
90
G
20
PE
KIL
M
TE
R
OA
14.0
PE
N
TIO

J
-K
RA
20
PY
TU
AL
40
SA
TH
2
12.0
EN
SA
% 80
15 90
1
30 % 10.0
80
4 5
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40%
10 5
4.0
30%
60
20%
2.0
HUMIDITY
10% RELATIVE
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
Airflow Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Rel. Humidity Humidity Ratio Enthalpy Dew Point
Dry Bulb (°C)
l/s (°C) (°C) (%) (gr/kg) (kJ/kg) (°C)
Outdoor Air (2) 280 33.8 25.6 52.3 17.4 78.6 22.7
Return Air (1) 950 23 17.0 55.0 9.7 47.7 13.5
Mixed Air (3) 1230 25.5 19.2 55.9 11.4 54.7 16.0
Coil (4) 1230 12.7 12.2 95.0 8.7 34.7 11.9

110 120
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
30.0
R
Copyright 1992 100

28.0
SEA LEVEL 30
 1.0 1.0 -
120
0.8
1.5 26.0
10.0 0.7 2.0 -5.0 90
WE
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2.0 0.0 EM 24.0
0.4 PE
-1
.0 RA
TU
80 RE
- °C
0.3
1.0 110
-0.5
4.0
-0.2
0.2
0 22.0
0.1
3.0
2.0
70 25
2.5
20.0
ENTHALPY h
HUMIDITY RATIO W
100
25
3
60 18.0
R
AI
RY
C
D
-°
16.0
F
O
E
UR
M
RA
AT
50
90
G
20
R
O
PE
L
KI
M
TE
R
14.0
PE
N
O

J
TI
-K
RA
20
P Y
TU
AL
40
SA
TH
2
12.0
EN
% 80
15 90
1
10.0
30
8 0%
4 5
15
%
70
10 8.0
%
20 60 70
10

%
50 6.0
5
40 %
10 5
4.0
30 %
60
20%
2.0
ITY
IVE HUMID
10% RELAT
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
152
• Described the properties of air and water
vapor mixtures
• Built the psychrometric chart lines
• Used the psychrometric chart to determine
the properties of an air/vapor mixture
• Used the psychrometric chart to
understand the air conditioning processes
• Described how the processes can be
combined into a system using a system plot
diagram and psychrometric chart
Work Session 2
1. Air at 30° F db and 80 percent rh is sensibly heated to 75° F db by passing it over a heating
coil. Show the process on a psychrometric chart and fill in the blank spaces below:
db wb %rh dp
Air at 30 80
Heated to 75
2. Air at 95° F db and 75° F wb is sensibly cooled to 80° F db by passing it over a cooling coil.
Show the process on a psychrometric chart and fill in the blank spaces in the table below:
db wb %rh dp
Air at 95 75
Thank You
This completes the presentation.

Psychrometrics SI 7-21-15

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Psychrometrics SI 7-21-15

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1

ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1

HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR 2

Units Degrees Celsius (OC) (OF) 8

Specific Enthalpy (H): enthalpy per unit mass of

• Avoid adverse conditions that can affect reading

Amount of moisture that a given

1 kg Dry Air 1 kg Saturated Air

Air Temperature Air (Barometric) Pressure

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

Copyright 1992 100

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

Dry Bulb Temperature Scale

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

Grams moisture/kg dry air

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

Point 30 C db and 45% rh O 30

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

Point 30 OC db and 45% rh 30

Point 30 OC db and 8.0 grams 22.0

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

v = 0.875 m3/kg dry air

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

w = 9.68 gr/kg dry air

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

humidifier to prevent condensation 25

on the interior of the window?

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

humidifier to prevent condensation 25

on the interior of the window?

Answer – 14.4% 14.0

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

Will condensation form on the duct.?

First locate the intersection of the 23 OC dry bulb

Duct will sweat

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM DRY AIR

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °C

Will condensation form on the duct.?

First locate the intersection of the 23 OC dry bulb

Duct will NOT sweat 25