CHAPTER- 12

LIGHT
PART-1
 Reflection of Light
 The process of sending back light rays which fall
on the surface of an object is
called REFLECTION of light.
 Silver metal is one of the best reflectors of light.
 A ray of light is the straight line along which the
light travelled and a bundle of light rays is called
a beam of light.

 TYPES OF REFLECTION:
1) Regular reflection
2) Irregular reflection
Difference between regular and irregular reflection
ACTIVITY-1
Characteristics of image formed by
mirror:-
 (a) Images formed by mirrors are
always virtual and erect
(b) Size of image is always equal to
the size of the object and the
image is laterally inverted.
(c) The images formed by the plane
mirror are as far behind the mirror
as the object in front of the mirror.
 Lateral inversion:- If an object is
placed in front of the mirror, then
the right side of the object appears
to be the left side and left side of
the object appears to be the right
side of this image. This change of
sides of an object and its mirror
Some important terms-
Point of incidence- Point on the surface of mirror
where the incident ray falls.
Normal- A line perpendicular to the surface at the
point of incidence.
Incident ray- Ray of light coming towards the
mirror.
Reflected ray- Ray of light, which turns back,
after reflection from the mirror surface.
Some important terms-
 Angle of Incidence- The angle between the
incident ray and the normal at the point of
incidence.
Angle of Reflection- The angle between the
reflected ray and the normal at the point of
incidence.
Plane of Incidence- The plane defined by the
incident ray and the normal at the point of
incidence.
Plane of Reflection- The plane defined by the
 Laws of Reflection of light
FIRST LAW: The incident ray, the
reflected ray and the normal at
the point of incidence, all lie in
the same plane.
SECOND LAW: The angle of
incidence is equal to the angle
of reflection.

 These laws of reflection are

applicable to all types of
reflecting surfaces including
spherical surfaces.
FORMATION OF IMAGE BY A PLANE
MIRROR
Difference between real and virtual image
 HOMEWORK TIME….
Q.D.1 Explain the difference between a real and virtual image. Give example of both.
ANS- Refer to slide number- 10
Q.E.1 State the laws of reflection.
ANS- Laws of Reflection of light
FIRST LAW: The incident ray, the reflected ray and the
normal at the point of incidence, all lie in
the same plane.
SECOND LAW: The angle of incidence is equal
to the angle of reflection. i= r
Q.E.2.Trace the path of reflected ray in the following ray
diagrams.
 HOMEWORK TIME….
Q.E.3 Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image of a point object by
(i) a plane mirror.
ANS- Refer to slide number- 9

Q.E.4 Three persons…………………………………in the mirror?

ANS- ‘P’ cannot see himself and the image of person ‘Q’ in the mirror but he
can see the image of person ‘R’ in the mirror.