STRUCTURE AND

GRAMMAR:
SENTENCES WITH
MULTIPLE CLAUSES

Meeting 9 Presented by:

12th December 2023
Multhahada Ramadhani Siregar, S.S., M.A.
No. Tatap Pokok Bahasan Tujuan Instruksi Tujuan Materi Metode Referensi Cara Evaluasi
Muka ke Umum (TIU) Instruksi Pembelajaran
Khusus (TIK)
9 9 Unit 7 : Structure To understand 1. Students are 1. What is 1. Speech Understan 1. Answer
& Grammar (4) conjunctions in able to use Clause? ding the
– Sentences with multiple clauses. coordinate 2. Clause 2. Google grammarB questions.
multiple Clauses conjunctions Classification Form etty Azhar 2. Exercises.
correctly. 3. Coordinative
2. Students are Conjunction Oxford
able to use 4. Adverbial
adverb Conjunction Modern
conjunction 5. Exercises. English.
correctly. Marcella
Frank.

LEARNING OUTCOME
1.What is clause?
A group of words that
contains a subject and a
predicate.
2. Clause Classified
into:
Independent Clause:
it make sense on its own as a sentence.

Dependent Clause:
it doesn’t make sense on its own as a
sentence.
Is the clause independent or dependent
clause?

1. Alice is kind. Independent Clause

2. So he bought a bag. Dependent Clause
3. However she slept in the class. Dependent Clause
4. He gave flower on Sunday. Independent Clause
5. Hence they came back. Dependent Clause
3. Coordinate Conjunction
Conjunction that connects the same syntactical
structure, such as same part of speech word, phrase
and phrase, clause and clause.

What are the conjunctions?

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

Example:
- Merry opened the door.
- Merry greeted the guests.

Merry opened the door and greeted the guests.

4. Adverbial Conjunction
Conjunction that connects independent clause and
dependent clause.

Reason = Because, As, Since, For, Because of, Due to

Contrastive= However, Nevertheless, Yet, But, Still
Although, Even though, Despite, In spite of
Result = So, Consequently, Therefore, Hence
Addition = Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, Besides
Time = When, While, Whenever, Before, Since, After,
Until, For
Condition = If, Unless, Otherwise
Example:

Harold didn’t come to the party because he was sick. Reason

Our bags were too heavy, so we took taxi. Result

Joanna was eating when he came. Time

She would come here if her mother called. Condition
In spite of his low income, my uncle still can send his children to college. Contrastive
Please, identify the conjunction!
1. All classes were canceled _____ the weather was bad, in addition students were commanded to
listen to the radio to find out when classes would begin again.
a. so c. because
b. When d. although

2. Mr. Smith is an intelligent ____ stimulationg teacher besides he takes an interest in the personal
well-being of his students.
a. but c. or
b. and d. for

3. Their car won’t start in this cold but theirs does, ___ we will join them.
a. however c. hence
b. Although d. so
5. Exercise
Please, choose the correct conjunction to complete these
sentences!
SCAN HERE!
Discussion
1. _____ having several years of experience in management, Pedro Castillo did not get the promotion for
which he applied.
a. In spite of c. Regardless
b. Unless d. Even so
Answer: a. In spite of is appropriate because it can be followed by a gerund (verb+ing), in this case
having.

2. _____ the part twenty years, Premium Telecom has rewarded all of its employees with a generous
vacation package.
c. From c. For
d. Before d. After
Answer: c. For used with a length of time, so for is correct.
3. Water Service in the building will be temporarily interrupted ____ city maintenance workers repair the
fire hydrants.
a. during c. now
b. as far as d. while
Answer: d. While is needed to link the two clauses describing things that will happen at the same time.

4. Mr. Granger began his speech by thanking Mr. Takase who has been teaching him Japanese ___ his
arrival in Tokyo.
c. Since c. to
d. At d. when
Answer: a. Since can be used before the noun phrase his arrival in Tokyo to say when the teaching began.

5. The prime minister will impose a tariff _____ domestic interests are being threatened by a flood of
imports.
e. In spite of c. ever since
f. Despite d. as
Answer d. As identified to connect the cause clause.
 Conclusion
1. Clause is a group of words that contains a subject
and a predicate.
2. Independent clause can stand alone, meanwhile
dependent can’t stand alone.
3. Coordinate conjunction connects the same
syntactical structure.
4. Adverbial conjunction connects independent and
dependent clause.
 References
1. Azar, Betty Schrampfer. (2002). Understanding and Using English Grammar (3rd ed.).
Pearson Education.
2. Oxford University. (2000). Oxford Practice Tests for the TOEIC Test (1st ed.). Oxford
University Press.
3. Oxford University. (2007). Tactics for TOEIC Listening and Reading Test Practice Test
2. Oxford University Press.
 Next Meeting

STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR:

Sentences with Reduced Clauses
MAY LUCK
BLESSED TO US
“The future depends on what you do today.
--Mahatma Gandhi