ESCUELA SUPERIOR

POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO.
MEMBERS:
ALVARADO DAYANNA
ARTEAGA DIEGO
TOPIC:
Guanidinoacetic Acid
 INTRODUCTION:
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), known as "the queen of fodder", is an
important component in livestock feed due to its high protein and
fiber content. GAA is a food additive that can improve growth
performance and energy metabolism in animals and reduce the
population of methanogenic microorganisms. The study examines
how the percentage of AH in the diet affects the effectiveness of GAA
and finds that the addition of GAA in diets with 25% and 100% of AH
has low effectiveness, while a diet with 10% of AH can improve the
mitigation of GHG and the ruminal fermentation profile without
compromising the conversion efficiency of CH4 using a dose of
0.0015 or 0.0020 g GAA g−1 DM in the diet
 OBJECTIVE:
The study aims to evaluate the effects of
different levels of alfalfa hay (AH) and doses
of GAA on the mitigation of GHG emissions,
specifically methane (CH4), carbon monoxide
(CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and on the
rumen fermentation profile, including pH
levels and dry matter degradation (DMD).
 Material and Methods:
The experimental design was a completely randomized 3 × 7
bifactorial arrangement with three levels of AH (10%, 25%,
and 100%) and seven doses of GAA (0-0.0030 g GAA g−1 DM
diet). The study used the GLM procedure of the SAS program
for statistical analysis. The in vitro fermentation was
conducted using rumen fluid from slaughtered steers and a
nutrient medium. The incubation process lasted 48 hours,
and measurements of gas production and composition were
taken at various time points
IN VITRO FERMENTATION
Collection of Inoculum and Preparation of the
Nutrient Medium,in oculum was obtained
from steers and a nutrient medium was
prepared for in vitro fermentation. The
ruminal fluid was filtered and kept at 39°C.
The medium contained buffer solution,
minerals and distilled water. The inoculum
and medium were mixed in a 1:4 ratio and
kept at 39°C with magnetic stirring before
incubation.
DIETS AND CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
The study analyzed the chemical composition of different
diets with alfalfa and GAA. Alfalfa was harvested in full
bloom at 5 cm above the ground in Toluca, Mexico. The
GAA was purchased with a purity of 96% from Evonik
México S.A. of C.V. The diets were dehydrated and the
chemical composition, including dry matter, ash,
nitrogen, and ether extraction was analyzed according
to the AOAC. Neutral and acid detergent fiber were
determined with a fiber analyzer. Organic matter and
protein were estimated through specific calculations.
Table 1 shows the ingredients and chemical
composition of diets with different percentages of
alfalfa.
INCUBATION PROCESS
Before incubation, 500 mg of each diet was weighed and
placed in a glass flask, with a capacity of 160 mL; then,
the doses of GAA and 50 mL of the solution obtained from.
The bottles were sealed with for the evaluation period,
which in this case corresponded to 48 hours. Each
treatment was were incubated in triplicate and three
flasks without substrate were added as blanks to correct
for gas measurements.
 RESULTS:
The study found that the effectiveness of GAA in mitigating
GHG emissions and improving rumen fermentation is
dependent on the percentage of AH in the diet. The diet with
10% AH showed the best results with GAA doses of 0.0015 or
0.0020 g GAA g−1 DM, leading to increased gas production,
DMD, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and metabolizable
energy (ME), as well as decreased H2S production. Diets with
25% and 100% AH showed limited improvement with GAA
addition
 CONCLUSION:
The addition of GAA to diets with 10% AH can
be a strategy to mitigate GHG production in
ruminants, as it increased GP, CH4, DMD,
SCFA, and ME, and decreased H2S production
without affecting CO production or the
proportion of CH4. The study suggests an in
vivo evaluation of a diet containing 10% AH
with doses of 0.0015 and 0.0020 g GAA g−1
DM to validate these findings.
THANK
YOU.