NATIONAL MALARIA PREVENTION

PROGRAMME
 INTRODUCTION
• Malaria is one of the serious public health problems in India.
• At the time of independence malaria was contributing 75 million
cases with 0.8 million deaths every year prior to the launching of
national malaria control program in 1953.
• A countrywide comprehensive programme to control malaria was
endorsed by the planning commission in 1951.
• In April 1953, govt of India launched a national malaria control
programme.
 INTRODUCTION
• In April 1953, govt of India launched a national malaria control
programme (NMCP)
• In India the disease occurs throughout the years across the country.
• However, it is more prevalent during and after rainy season due to
mosquito breeding.
• According to world health organisation, India contributes 77% of the
total malaria cases in southern Asia.
• The disease is mainly prevalent in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat,
Karnataka, Goa, southern Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Odhisha and North-eastern states.
 MALARIA

 It is caused by parasites known as Plasmodium viviax, Plasmodium falciparum,

Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale.
 It is transmitted by the infective bite of Anopheles mosquito
 Man develops disease after 10 to 14 days of being bitten by an infective mosquito
 There are two types of parasites of human malaria, Plasmodium vivax, P.
falciparum, which are commonly reported from India.
 Inside the human host, the parasite undergoes a series of changes as part of its
complex life cycle. (Plasmodium is a protozoan parasite)
 The parasite completes life cycle in liver cells and red blood cells.
 Infection with P.falciparum is the most deadly form of malaria.
 SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA

 Typically, malaria produces fever, headache, vomiting and other flu-like symptoms.

 The parasite infects and destroys red blood cells resulting in easy fatigue-ability due

to anemia, fits/convulsions and loss of consciousness.

 Parasites are carried by blood to the brain (cerebral malaria) and to other vital

organs.

 Malaria in pregnancy poses a substantial risk to the mother, the fetus and the

newborn infant. Pregnant women are less capable of coping with and clearing

malaria infections, adversely affecting the unborn fetus

 OBJECTIVE

Reducing the transmission of malaria to a level at which it

would cease to be a major public health problem.

After that, each state had to maintain an achievement in order

to indefinitely hold down the transmission of malaria at a low

level.
 STRATEGIES UNDER NMCP

 Residual insecticide spray in houses and cattle sheds.

Availability of anti malarial drugs for malarial patient.

To carry out surveys and to monitor the malaria

incidence.
NMCP was transferred in to the NATIONAL
MALARIA ERADICATION PROGRAMME by the
government of India in 1958.
 STRATEGIES UNDER NMCP
The NMEP strategy has been extremely successful and malaria
cases have been decreased and malarial deaths have been prevented.
However, the programme encountered a variety of technological
challenges and financial or administrative limitations, which again led
to rise in cases of malaria.
The modified plan operative was introduced in 1977 with the goal
of preventing deaths and reducing morbidity due to malaria.
In 2002, the malaria control programme became part of the
NVBDCP became an integral part of the NRHM.
MALARIA CONTROL ACTIVITIES IN INDIA

1953:National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP).

1958: National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP).

1977: Modified Plan of Operation (MPO).

1979: Multipurpose Worker Scheme (MPW Scheme).

1995: Implementation of Malaria Action Plan–1995 (MAP – 95).

1997: Launching of World Bank Assisted Enhanced Malaria Control Project in tribal

districts of the State (EMCP).

2000: National Anti Malaria Programme (NAMP).

2004: National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)

MALARIA CONTROL ACTIVITIES IN INDIA

2005: intensified of malaria control project funded by the global fund in 94

districts of 10 states ( 2005-2010).

2006: ACT introduced in area showing chloroquine resistance in falciparum

malaria.

2009: world bank supported national malaria control project launched.

2010: new drug policy 2010.

2012: introduction of bivalent RDT( rapid diagnostic test).

2014-2015: newer insecticide and larvicide launched

GUIDELINES FOR TREATMENT OF MALARIA
IN INDIA- 2013
1. Treatment of uncomplicated malaria-
A. Treatment of P. vivax cases-
I. Chloroquine- 25mg/kg in divided dose for 3 days.
II. Primaquine for prevention- 0.25 mg/kg daily for 14 days (contraindicated in G6PD
deficient patients).
B. Treatment for P. falciparum-
I. Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT)- Artesunate 3 days + sulphadoxine-
pyrimethamine 1 day + primaquine-0.7 mg/kg.
C. Treatment of malaria in pregnancy-
I. ACT should be given in falciparum malaria in 2nd and 3rd trimesters.
II. For vivax malaria- chloroquine.
III. Primaquine is contraindicated.
D. Treatment of mixed infections-
I. Treat it as falciparum malaria.
II. Resistance should be suspected if no response is there within 72 hours.