SAMPLE METHODS

ETHELYN M. CATAMIO
 RANDOM SAMPLING
It is a technique that uses
randomization to make sure that every
element of the population gets an
equal chance to be part of the selected
sample
 TYPES
RANDOM
SAMPLING
Simple random sampling
Simple random sampling means simply putting
every member of the population into one big
group, and then choosing who or what to include
at random. As long as every possible choice is
equally likely, you will produce a simple random
sample.
An example of a simple random sample
would be the names of 25 employees chosen
out of a hat from a company of 250
employees. In this case, the population is all
250 employees, and the sample is random
because each employee has an equal chance
of being chosen.
Stratified Random Sampling

In stratified random sampling, the population

is divided into groups based on a shared
characteristic. Each group is called a stratum;
the plural is strata. Then, one or more choices
are made at random from each stratum.
Example
◦A survey about timekeeping might divide the
population by time zone, then take 100 random
samples per zone.
◦A test addressing physical development over
time could use the student body of a school as a
population, stratify it by grade, and then take
random samples from each grade.
Cluster Sampling

Cluster sampling is similar to stratified random sampling in that

both begin by dividing the population into groups based on a
particular characteristic. But, while a stratified survey takes one
or more samples from each of the strata, a cluster sampling
survey chooses clusters at random, then takes samples from
them. Some clusters aren't sampled; data is only collected from
the chosen clusters. Cluster sampling is often used in market
research.
Example
• A company interested in brand penetration may lack the
resources to survey an entire city. Instead, they could divide
the city into clusters based on area, choose clusters at random,
and test the popularity of their brand. This is also how some
mail campaigns are conducted.
• A test of the effectiveness of a new curriculum could begin by
dividing an area by school district, then choosing a school or
set a number of schools at random and sampling students
from each.
Multistage Sampling
Multistage sampling is exactly what
it says on the label: a sampling
process that uses more than one
kind of sampling.
Example
◦ The same business referenced above, the one that used cluster
sampling to study brand penetration, might break down the
neighborhood clusters into strata according to income and take a
simple random sample from each subgroup.
◦ A test track physical development in students over time might
begin with cluster sampling by district, selecting one specific
school at random. They might then stratify according to age and
gender before taking simple random samples.
 CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
It is a type of non-probability sampling method
where participants are selected based on their
availability and willingness to participate. In other
words, the sample is composed of individuals
who are easily accessible to the researcher and are
willing to be a part of the study.
Example
A researcher conducting a study on college
students may choose to only recruit
participants from a specific class or group of
students that are easily accessible, rather
than selecting a random sample of college
students from a larger population.
 PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
It refers to a group of non-probability sampling
techniques in which units are selected because
they have characteristics that you need in your
sample. In other words, units are selected “on
purpose” in purposive sampling.
Example
Purposive sampling can be used in educational
research. Suppose a researcher wants to collect
feedback from students on the pedagogical
methods in their school. The researcher will
select the brightest students who can provide
relevant information for systematic
investigation.
 SNOWBALL SAMPLING

Snowball sampling is a recruitment

technique in which research
participants are asked to assist
researchers in identifying other
potential subjects.
Example
If you were distributing a
questionnaire, you could pass it to
your own contacts who could then
pass it on to theirs and so on (the
sample "snowballing" as a result).