BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

NAME - NAVYA DESAI

USN - 2IG20AT013
SUB – M&MBC VII
ANGADI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
• Bamboo is a material that embodies values of sustainability and durability while being cost-effective. A fast-growing grass, bamboo has been used
as a building material since time immemorial. With over twelve hundred species across 110 genera, this primitive grass is a versatile material. A
Bamboo consists of a rhizome which is its anchor underground, a culm that is its stem, nodes, and internodes.
• Although bamboo has several advantages, construction with bamboo has its challenges. A bamboo culm has a round profile which makes the
connections complicated. As the fibers in bamboo only grow in the vertical direction, it is not suitable for cross loads. The outer surface of the
bamboo lacks grip and is very slippery, making connections difficult. Primarily there are two types of connections that are used to address the
aforementioned problems while constructing with bamboo.
• 1) Traditional connections
A) Friction tight rope connection
B) Wedge connection
C) Plug-in bolt connection
D) Positive Fitting
• Friction tight rope connection
• The ‘friction tight rope’ connection is widely used in traditional construction. These connections use natural materials like rattan, coconut fiber to
join the bamboo culms together. Lashings, wraps, fraps, and clove-hitch are some knots used in these connections. To get tighter connections, we
2) Modern connections
use green bamboo strips. These strips are watered before use and shrink while drying, resulting in a stronger connection.
• Wedge connection A) Bamboo-Tec
• In a wedge connection, a wedge-shaped wooden piece is driven at the joint of two bamboo members.
•
B) Transportation Armature
However, this connection requires additional reinforcement through the use of lashing or bolts.
• Plug-in bolt connection C) Induo-Anchor Technique PLUG IN BOLT
• The Plug-in bolt connection is not widely used and works on the similar principle of the tenon and mortise joint in wooden joineries. We must take
D)toPan
care to avoid using the plug-in bolt connection close to the edge of the culm knot
prevent spaceof truss
the splitting the bamboo. ROPE CONNECTION WEDGE CONNECTION CONNECTION
• Positive Fitting
• Positive fitting connections are widely used in traditional bamboo construction. These connections involve carving a hole in a bamboo culm and
inserting a bamboo of a slightly smaller diameter. The joint is further strengthened using bolts or dowels. The disadvantage of this jointing
technique is the reduction of the strength of the bamboo because of the cutting of the hole.

POSITIVE FITTING BAMBOO-TEC

INDUO-ANCHOR TECHNIQUE PAN KNOT SPACE TRUSS

• The conventional applications of bamboo in the building industry range from scaffoldings to structural and
non-structural elements of a dwelling. The construction of a bamboo house is characterized by a frame-
system similar to timber construction.
• The wall, floor, and roof elements are interconnected and depend on each other for stability. While we join
whole bamboo culms to form the structural frame of the house, halved bamboos are used to form floor
decks, walls, and roof tiles.
•
An unconventional application of bamboo is its use as concrete reinforcement. The tensile strength and
strength to weight ratio of bamboo is comparable with steel making it replaceable.
• With the availability of steel steadily declining, bamboo is a viable and eco-friendly alternative.
• Bamboo with its diverse applications and fast-growing characteristics is a sustainable alternative for steel
and timber.
• This material has been an integral part of the vernacular construction industry for ages and with the
development of new joineries and construction techniques, bamboo steadily becoming a part of the
contemporary construction industry.
• . Bamboo Walls Bamboo is pliable, hollow and lightweight which makes it relatively easy to strip into long
horizontal pieces. It can made into strips using sharp knife like machete or khurkuri (local name).
• In thin wall round bamboo, crushing strength under transverse load is pretty weak. When transverse
compressive load is applied the geometry of the material is destroyed, but the actual failure does not
happen [5]. In other words, the strips do not easily fail.
• Strips can withstand considerable tensile and compressive load across the grain. Therefore strips have been
used for their strength for since ancient times. The modern laminated bamboo sheets are made by gluing
many strips of bamboo.
• Woven wall did not take vertical compressive load, but they are expensive both in terms of cost and labour.
In India, north eastern states like Arunachal and Assam, 64.4 and 66.4 percent of the population live in
bamboo walled houses.
• In these regions bamboo are appropriated either into walls, or sometimes into columns and beams. The
bamboo walls are sometimes left exposed or plastered with mud, lime or cement .
• When bamboo are cut into tiny strips and woven, it enhances its tensile strength. Not all bamboo have thick
skin, and do not provide good stiffness or shear strength and thus they are not very widely used for
columns and beams, which can be used for walls making in a better way without any confusion .
• Different type of weaving techniques are adopted for the making of bamboo wall and some works are
illustrated in done in IIT, Delhi. Some of the important bamboo walls are cited based on different weaving
pattern and construction practices, both with and without plaster on wall based on locality like; Lepcha
houses, Ekra walls system, Barahaque wall system (flattend bamboo), Tanti Walls of Nepal, House of
Rene, Chitra wall etc.
• Bamboo wall panels offer a unique approach to transforming a space by adding texture and depth to your walls and home that paint can't
replicate.
• Bamboo is a versatile material; bamboo wall panels come in various textures, from classic horizontal slats to textured 3D decor pieces.
• On top of that, compared to other wall panel materials, bamboo is much more sustainable.
• Bamboo grows quickly, requires little water, and uses little to no pesticide or chemicals to grow compared to hardwood. And unlike plastic,
bamboo is biodegradable and doesn't leave microplastics behind.
• So, if you want to level up your home without harming the environment, bamboo wall panels are the way to go.
• How to Use Bamboo Wall Panels
• Bamboo wall panels are just as versatile as they are beautiful. You can transform any space from interior to exterior of your home with a few
panels.
• Let's start inside and move out on how bamboo wall panels can transform your home.
• Indoor Use and Design
• If there is a wall, there is a way. Bamboo wall panels can be used on any wall of your choice in your indoor space.
• The most common way of using wall panels is picking one wall in the room and making it the centerpiece.
• The accent wall is different from other walls and creates a focal point in the room..
• Now, here are a few ways to use wall panels:
1. Cover up one wall and make it the accent wall
2. Cover only the top or bottom half of the wall
3. Make the entire room a statement and cover all the walls
• Add depth and warmth to any room in your home with bamboo wall panels.
• Outdoor Use and Design EXPOSED BAMBOO WALL DESIGNS
• Bamboo wall panels don't just work indoors. You can use it outdoors in your back or front yard.
• Whether it's to increase privacy or to section off different parts of your outdoor space, bamboo is an excellent
option because of its natural warmth and depth in color.
• Bamboo elevates your living space while seamlessly blending into the outdoor space.
• Indoor and outdoor wall panels are not made the same. Compared to indoor wall panels, outdoor wall
panels are built to be extra sturdy to withstand weather changes and outdoor elements.
• As for indoor wall panels, the only room you have to worry about is the bathroom. Bamboo wall panels
in the bathroom experience frequent moisture and humidity changes, which can warp the bamboo over
time.
• How Your Bamboo Wall Panels Will Be Installed
• With the variety of bamboo wall panels available, there are also various installation types available for
homeowners and renters.
• Here are three ways wall panels can be installed: NAILS AND HAMMER
1. Nails and hammer/nail-gun: long-lasting and sturdy option
2. Glue: Manually apply glue to clean the wall and press the wall panel to it
3. Adhesive: Peel off the back of the board and stick it on the wall like a sticker
• When it comes to decorating a space, one of the things I look at is how much maintenance it requires.
Typically, more care is needed if the design is complex and detailed.
• For instance, vertical bamboo wall panels are much easier to maintain than a textured 3D decor wall
panel. With more texture and complexity, there are more areas where dust can settle and get trapped. As
a result, more detailed cleaning is needed. GLUE

ADHESIVE
VERTICAL BAMBOO WALL PANEL 3D DÉCOR WALL PANELS
• Bamboo doors and windows, sustainable carpentry
• Versatility and sustainability merge again when it comes to green architecture, and one such application is bamboo doors and windows.
• This material, as an abundant and sustainable natural resource, has revolutionised the world of design and construction in many sectors. The one we are talking about
today is no exception. Its versatility, beauty and unique properties make it a material of choice for the creation of these elements that stand out both in aesthetic design
and functionality. The use of openings and closures is essential for connecting spaces, regulating lighting and ventilation. Here we will explore how bamboo has left a
significant mark on joinery construction, providing solutions that harmonise aesthetically with nature.
• Characteristics of bamboo doors and windows
• Bamboo, known for its rapid growth and sustainability, is an environmentally friendly option for contemporary joinery. Its tensile and compressive strength exceeds that
of many traditional materials. This allows for the creation of slim, elegant doors and windows, without compromising durability. Bamboo’s extraordinary strength
makes it an ideal material to withstand the elements when it comes to exterior order, as well as providing security for spaces.
• In addition to being sustainable, bamboo exhibits a natural beauty with a rich texture that adds warmth and elegance to the design. Bamboo doors and windows can be
adapted to a wide variety of styles, bringing an organic touch to any space. The range of colours and finishes available allows for bespoke customisation, meeting the
aesthetic preferences of each client.
• Bamboo also stands out for its light weight, which makes it easy to handle during the manufacturing and installation process. Despite its light weight, it maintains its
strength and solidity, which translates into doors and windows that are easy to open and close, without sacrificing security.
• Utilities
• The choice of bamboo for doors and windows goes beyond its ecological aspect. These strong and lightweight pieces offer excellent thermal and acoustic insulation,
resulting in a more comfortable and energy-efficient indoor environment. The natural characteristics of bamboo allow the internal temperature of spaces to be regulated,
maintaining a pleasant climate in all seasons.
• Besides, bamboo is naturally resistant to water and moisture, which makes it ideal for regions with changing climatic
conditions. Its ability to resist warping and cracking due to changes in relative humidity ensures a long service life and
reduced maintenance. Moisture resistance also prevents the growth of fungus and mould, contributing to a healthy indoor
environment.
• From the point of view of carpentry design, we can find different types of carpentry. All types of openings can be achieved:
folding, sliding, folding, projecting, etc. In the leaves we can see an opaque cloth or framed glass, with a specific design and
much more. In the frames we can have variants from floor to ceiling, concealed, with flashing, etc. The material can really be
adapted to any technology and manufacturing requirement. As a versatile material, the natural finish of the doors can be
integrated with the adjacent cladding, designed with the same finish in order to achieve continuity.
• This material has become a very tempting alternative in contemporary joinery thanks to its sustainability, beauty and
exceptional properties. By opting for bamboo doors and windows, not only do you get a unique and attractive design, but you
also contribute to the preservation of the natural environment thanks to its cultivation, production and generation cycle. For
BAMBOO TRUSS
design projects that fuse aesthetics with sustainability, bamboo is a great choice.
Bamboo Truss Design for roofing
• A bamboo truss is a frame made of bamboo poles.
• Poles connected to each other in a particular form typically it takes the shape of the roof.
• The only challenge is with connecting the poles together in a way that hold them firm for a long time.
• Over the years there have been many ways in which people connected these poles to make a bamboo truss.
• Traditional Bamboo truss connection
• In the past bamboo truss was made by putting the bamboo poles together and strapping a rope around them. If you notice
today’s scaffolding at the construction sites it looks similar.
• He issue with this type of bamboo truss connectors is that the load of the roof was not equally distributed. There is friction
which may compromise the strength of the roof.
• Thatch Roof (known locally as alang alang)
• Alang-Alang roofs are a traditional thatch roofing technique used in Indonesia. The Congo grass (Imperata cylindrical) is
harvested when mature and dried. Then, thatch panels of a maximum of 3 meters in length are made by folding the dry grass
over a bamboo split and threading it onto the split using palm fiber. The bamboo split gives structure to the grass turning it
into a panel whilst also acting as a roofing batten. When installed the alang alang panels are tied to the rafters using a lashing
technique with bamboo rope.
• For a well-designed bamboo building that uses an alang alang roof, the roof pitch should be around 45 degrees for water to
run off and we recommend that the rafters are installed no further than 60 cm apart to keep the roof from sagging. Alang
alang roofs are flexible and complement curvilinear roofs well. Thermal insulation is the most attractive benefit of this roof
type. It has an incredible ability to breathe, and release warm air whilst keeping the air cool inside.
THATCH ROOF
Halved Bamboo Roof
The halved bamboo roof is made up of freshly harvested bamboo poles split into two halves and placed in an interlocking
sequence similar to a Spanish tile roofing technique. For a well-designed bamboo building using halved bamboo, the roof needs a
minimum roof pitch of 40 degrees and the rafters should not be placed further than 60 cm apart from one another. Finally, the roof
ridge should be covered properly.

Flattened Bamboo Roof (known locally as pelupuh)Pelupuh is handwrought flattened bamboo made into roofing shingles and it
is made by cutting a Gigantochloa apus bamboo pole in half lengthwise. Then a cut is made into the culm wall from the inside out
using a hatchet. The cuts do not pierce through the entire culm wall, just enough so that the section of the culm is flattened out.
The cuts should be made at an angle to prevent splitting in the structure of the bamboo. The nodes are then shaved off using a
bamboo knife or hatchet. We use this processed bamboo material in a 3 layered hybrid roofing technique where we first place
treated pelupuh over the rafters for interior aesthetics, then an asphalt linear (synthetic waterproofing membrane)
and pelupuh which is cut to size as roofing shingles as a final layer. All layers are attached using a nail gun.
For a well-designed bamboo building using a flattened bamboo roof, we need to have a minimum 40 degree roof pitch and rafters
should not be placed more than 40 cm apart. Flattened bamboo is very flexible and works nicely with curvilinear roofs.
HALVED BAMBOO ROOF
The synthetic waterproof membrane lasts for 20-25 years, but the outer bamboo pelupuh layer must be replaced every 5-8 years.
Flattened bamboo degrades quickly if it is exposed to moisture and organic matter.

Copper Roof
Copper roofing is a recent experiment for bamboo structures pioneered by
John Hardy and IBUKU. It is durable but very costly. The copper sheets are
customised as tile shingles on the ground by hand and put in place on the
roof. For a well-designed bamboo building using a copper bamboo roof, we
recommend a minimum pitch of 15 degrees, and rafters should not be placed
more than 60 cm apart.When constructing a copper roof, pelupuh are first
placed over the rafters for interior aesthetics, an asphalt liner is then attached
using a nail gun, and cladding of customised hand-cut copper tile shingles are
placed as a final layer.
The copper roof is very flexible and works nicely for curvilinear roofs.
Copper roof buildings look very beautiful, even when weathered over time,
when a lovely patina forms. This roofing system does not require FLATTENED BAMBOO
maintenance. ROOF
Roofing is a very important element of bamboo construction and requires
balancing a desire for sustainability, beauty, and durability. COPPER ROOF
CONNECTION DETAILS