VIETNAM

LITERATURE

Ms. Zarah A. Aguda

Poetry is literature that is
written in verse and
emphasizes the rhythmic
use of words to create
imagery.
Types of Poetry
1.Lyric Poetry
2.Narrative Poetry
3.Descriptive Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Lyric poetry refers to a short
poem, often with songlike
qualities, that expresses the
speaker's personal emotions and
feelings.
Narrative Poetry
Narrative poetry is a form of poetry
that tells a story, often using the voices of
both a narrator and characters; the entire
story is usually written in metered verse.
Narrative poems do not need to rhyme.
The poems that make up this genre may be
short or long, and the story it relates to
may be complex.
Descriptive Poetry
one that mainly describes the subject
— whether it be a person, an animal, or an
inanimate object — often in great detail,
rather than telling a story or expressing
one's feelings.
Sub Types:
1.Sonnet
2. Haiku
3. Elegy
4. Limerick
5. Ballad
6. Ode
7. Epic
Sonnet Fourteen line poem that written in
iambic pentameter.
1.Shakespearean or English
ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG

2. Petrarchan or Italian
ABBA, ABBA, CDECDE
.

Shakespearean or English
ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG
From fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty’s rose might never die,
But as the riper should by time decrease,
His tender heir might bears his memory:
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content
And, tender churl, makest waste in niggarding.
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee.
.

Petrarchan or Italian
ABBA, ABBA, CDECDE

• Named after Francesco Petrarca

• Consist of fourteen-line or fourteen
hendecasyllabic lines in parts.
First – Octave
Second- Sestet
.

Petrarchan or Italian
ABBA, ABBA, CDECDE

OCTAVE- eight lines of iambic pentameter (10

syllables). ABBA ABBA

When I consider how my light is spent

Ere half my days in this dark world and wide,
And that one talent which is death to hide
Lodg'd with me useless, though my soul more bent
.

Petrarchan or Italian
ABBA, ABBA, CDECDE

SESTET- six lines of iambic pentameter (10

syllables) CDECDE

So answerest thou; but why not rather say:

“Hath man no second life? – Pitch this one high!
Sits there no judge in Heaven, our sin to see? –
More strictly, then, the inward judge obey!
Was Christ a man like us? Ah! Let us try
If we then, too, can be such men as he!”
Haiku A haiku is a short, unrhymed
poem that adheres to a specific three-line,
seventeen-syllable.

“JANUARY” by Paul Holmes

Delightful display - 5
Snowdrops bow their pure white heads - 7
To the sun's glory. - 5
Elegy The elegy is a form of poetry in
which the poet or speaker expresses grief,
sadness, or loss.
"His Grace! impossible! what dead!
Of old age too, and in his bed!
And could that mighty warrior fall?
And so inglorious, after all!
Well, since he’s gone, no matter how,
The last loud trump must wake him now:
And, trust me, as the noise grows stronger,
He’d wish to sleep a little longer.
And could he be indeed so old
As by the newspapers we’re told?"
Limerick A limerick is a five-line
poem that consists of a single stanza, an
AABBA rhyme scheme, and whose subject is a
short, pithy tale or description.

“There was a small boy of Quebec,

Who was buried in snow to his neck;
When they said ‘Are you friz?’
He replied, ‘Yes, I is –
But we don’t call this cold in Quebec.'”
Ballad A ballad is a form of narrative
verse that is considered either poetic or
musical.

‘I’ll do as much for my true-love

As any young man may;
I’ll sit and mourn all at her grave
For a twelvemonth and a day.’
Ode a short lyric poem that praises an
individual, an idea, or an event.

‘Paul Laurence Dunbar, ‘Ode to Ethiopia’.

O Mother Race! to thee I bring
This pledge of faith unwavering,
This tribute to thy glory.
I know the pangs which thou didst feel,
When Slavery crushed thee with its heel,
With thy dear blood all gory.
Epic a long, often book-length, narrative
in verse form that retells the heroic journey of a
single person, or group of persons.
Sound Devices:
1. Alliteration
2. Assonance
3. Consonance
4. Onomatopoeia
5. Rhyme
6. Rhythm
Figurative Devices:
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Personification
4. Irony
5. Metonymy
6. Synecdoche
 VIETNAM
LITERATURE
 Vietnam literature consists of two parts, namely folk and written literature.
Folk literature is oral literature; meanwhile, written literature includes
kanji, “chu Nom” (Nom letters) and “chu Quoc ngu” (national language)
literature.
 The literary arts, especially poetry, have traditionally
been highly prized in Vietnam.
 There are three main types of Vietnamese literature:
1) Truyen (traditional oral literature);
2) Han Viet (Chinese-Vietnamese literature);
3) Quoc Am (modern literature, or anything written in
the romanticized quoc ngu alphabet).
 From the early 20th century, “chu Quoc ngu” (national language) was widespread
nationwide. With the development of printing technology, together with exposure to
Western and Eastern literature.
 Literature in Vietnam witnessed a great number of new literary genres, in which
prose occupied an important position in the literature forum with poems reigned
before. Changes in literary life appeared with the advent of the New Poetry
movement in the 1930s.
 This was a modern movement to liberate Vietnamese poetry from the restrictive rules
of classical Chinese poetry. In the field of prose, the activities of “Tu Luc Van Doan”
group influenced by the West created a modern Vietnam novel. Vietnam literature
from this period set a presence of many movements. It can be named of them, such
as works in romanticism, works according to realism, or works associated with
politics – revolutionary literature flow.
VIETNAM LITERATURE
EXAMPLE
 The Cherished Daughter Mother
Mother, I am eighteen this year
and still without a husband.
What, Mother, is your plan?
The magpie brought two matchmakers
and you threw them the challenge:
not less than five full quan,
five thousand areca nuts,
five fat pigs,
and five suits of clothes.
Mother, I am twenty-three this year
and still without a husband.
What, Mother, dear, is your plan?
The magpie brought two matchmakers
and you threw them the challenge:
not less than three full quan,
three thousand areca nuts,
three fat pigs,
and three suits of clothes.
 Mother, I am thirty-two this year Mother, I am forty-three this year.
and still without a husband. Still without a husband.
What, Mother, darling, is your plan? Mother, look,
The magpie brought two matchmakers Mother, will you please just give me away?
and you threw them the challenge:
not less than one full quan,
one thousand areca nuts,
one fat dog this time,
and one suit of clothes.

-- Anonymous (c. 1700 AD)–

trans. Nguyen Ngoc Bich from World Poetry:
An Anthology of Verse from Antiquit
Understanding
Do you believe that the daughter is
1.
cherished? Defend your answer.
Understanding
2. What is the present-day equivalent of
magpie from the context?
Understanding
3. What culture of the Vietnamese is
shown in the poem?
Understanding
4. Comment on the value of challenges
of the mother.
Understanding
5. How do you feel for the daughter at
forty-three?
Valuing
1. What family, economic, education,
and social values should be cherished
based on the poem?
Valuing
2. Does obedience always give
optimistic results?
Sound Devices
1. What sound device is used in the
poem?
Sound Devices
2. Do you appreciate the poem through
its sound device? Why or Why not?
Poetry Type
1. What poetry type is The Cherished
Daughter? Support your answer.
 A School Boy’s Apology
By Le Thanh Huan

If sometimes I fall asleep in a lecture

Or shout and scream as if alone
Please forgive me, please don’t be angry
For I have no place to play.

I’m growing up I want to be a sailor

I’m wishing for a giant arena, a stream
I feel like yelling my life is beginning
Every minute I want to hold tight to my dream
 But the fires of war have shriveled my joys
At every step I see guns turned on me
At every word I hear the crash of steel
Not believing, not understanding I only stare.
The slaughter goes on and on,
Blood and bones and hatred all strained red.

People running from the front to look out for themselves

Cheating, lying, stabbing others in the back
Some of my friends have fallen.
No one knew, no one cared, they were dewdrops that’s all.
My home will be burnt to the ground
The way back cut off, partitioned…
Understanding
1. Why is the persona in the poem
apologizing? Is it a proper act?
Understanding
2. What does the second stanza tell
about the persona?
I’m growing up I want to be a sailor
I’m wishing for a giant arena, a stream
I feel like yelling my life is beginning
Every minute I want to hold tight to my dream
Understanding
3. What does the use of the word ‘but’
at the start of stanza three suggest?
But the fires of war have shriveled my joys
At every step I see guns turned on me
At every word I hear the crash of steel
Not believing, not understanding I only stare.
The slaughter goes on and on,
Blood and bones and hatred all strained red.
Understanding
3. What does this (stanza three) tell
about the persona?
But the fires of war have shriveled my joys
At every step I see guns turned on me
At every word I hear the crash of steel
Not believing, not understanding I only stare.
The slaughter goes on and on,
Blood and bones and hatred all strained red.
Valuing
1. With the persona’s situation in class,
many Filipino classmates might laugh
at this boy or bully him. How would
you react in the situation?
Valuing
2. If you were a foreign teacher in
Vietnam, knowing there was war in the
country, what preparation would you do
before facing your students?