FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Produces female sex hormones that

maintain the reproductive cycle
• Reproduction of Ova
• Transport the ova to the site of
fertilization
• fertilization happens in the fallopian tube
• the fertilized egg is implanted in the
uterus
• Menstruation happens when there is no
fertilization
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 MODULE 1B

OOGENESIS &
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
DANETA JEAN C. REALUBIN
Teacher III
 What is

OOGENESIS
 In the human
Female Reproductive
System, Oogenesis is a
growth process in which the
primary egg cell or primary
ovum becomes a mature
ovum.
 The egg’s
development starts
from 8 to 20 weeks
after the fetus has
started to grow. These
are called the
primary ovum.
 The primary ovum has
several around 400,000. The
primary ovum remain
dormant until just prior to
ovulation, when an egg is
released from the ovary.
 When does
Oogenesis start?
 The ovum
does not start
to mature until
the puberty
stage.
 Some egg cells
may not mature
for 40 years,
others degenerate
and never mature.
MENSTRU
AL
 Menstruation is the
shedding of the linings of
the uterus (endometrium)
accompanied by
bleeding.
When Do Most
Girls Get Their
Period?
 Most girls get their first
period when they're around
12. But getting it any time TO
between age 10 and 15 is
OK. Every girl's body has
its own schedule.
 WHAT CAUSES
MENSTRUATION?
A period happens because
of changes in hormones in
the body. These hormones
cause the lining of the
uterus (or womb) to build
up.
The built-up lining is ready
for a fertilized egg to attach
to and start developing. If
there is no fertilized egg,
the lining breaks down and
bleeds.
 A menstrual cycle is
considered to begin on the
first day of a period. The
average cycle is 28 days long;
however, a cycle can range in
length from 21 days to about
35 days.
Menstrual bleeding lasts 3 to 7
days, averaging 5 days. Blood
loss during a cycle usually
ranges from 1/2 to 2 1/2
ounces.
 WHAT DO YOU
EXPERIENCE
DURING
MENSTRUATION?
 The feeling of
discomfort, pain or
cramps experienced
during the period is
called
DYSMENORRHE
A.
 Menstrual cramps or
dysmenorrhea are most likely
caused by high levels of
prostaglandins which are
substances released from the
uterine lining when it is about
to be sloughed off.
 SYMPTOMS INCLUDE:

- Cramp pain that varies

in strength in the lower
back, abdomen, or around
the pelvic area.
- Nausea
- Stomachache
- Headache
- Dizziness
 Follicular Phase
It begins on the first
day of
menstruation, but it
lasts till the 13th
day of the
menstrual cycle.
 Follicular Phase
The pituitary
gland secretes a
hormone that
stimulates the
growth of
follicles. FOLLICLE
STIMULATING
HORMONE
 One of these egg cells Follicular Phase
begins to mature. While
the egg cell matures, its
follicle secretes a
hormone that stimulates
the uterus to develop a
lining of blood vessels and
soft tissue called the
endometrium. ESTROGEN
 On the 14th day of Ovulatory Phase
the cycle, the
pituitary gland
secretes a hormone
that causes the ovary
to release the
LUTENIZING
matured egg cell. HORMONE
 This phase begins Luteal Phase
on the 15th day and
lasts till the end of
the cycle. The
following events
occur during this
phase:
 Luteal Phase
The egg cell
released during the
ovulation phase
stays in the
fallopian tube for
24-48 hours.
 Luteal Phase
If a sperm cell
does not
impregnate the
egg cell within
that time, the egg
cell disintegrates.
 When the follicle Luteal Phase
releases the mature
ovum, the follicle then
changes to CORPUS
LUTEUM-This
releases
PROGESTERONE to
keep the uterine lining
thick in case of the egg
The PROGESTERONE Luteal Phase
that causes the uterus to
retain its endometrium
decreases by the end of
the menstrual cycle.
This causes the
menstrual phase of the
next cycle to begin.
PERIOD
CARE
Manage the
bleeding by using
pads, tampons or
menstrual cups.
Change them
regularly (3-4
hours) to avoid
bacteria build-up.
Keep track the
period by using
calendar or phone
app.
How long, How
heavy, Symptoms
Use warm compress
or heating pads to
manage pain.
Elevating the lower
back with pillow to
lesson discomfort.
Eat healthy foods to
reduce period pain.
Eat iron rich food
because iron is lost
due to bleeding.
Supplements like
Vitamins and
Minerals.
Drink water.
Women are prone to
dehydration during
menstruation due to
the lose fluids.
Exercise – Physical
activity helps reduce
period pain, cramps
and improve one’s
mood.
 PERFORMANCE TASK 2:
EVALUATING SUSTAINABILITY AND
AFFORDABILITY OF MENSTRUAL
PRODUCTS

Instruction: Create a graphic organizer

using a research on how sustainable
and affordable the following menstrual
product:
Sanitary pads, Tampons, Menstrual Cups,
 PERFORMANCE TASK 2:
EVALUATING SUSTAINABILITY AND
AFFORDABILITY OF MENSTRUAL
PRODUCTS

Include the ADVANTAGES and

DISADVANTAGES of each product
then conclude the most sustainable
and affordable.