Factors, Multiples &

Prime & Composite

Numbers &
Prime Factorization
 Definition
• Product – is an answer to a multiplication problem.

7 x 8 = 56
↑
Product
 Definition
Factors – are numbers that are multiplied to have product.

7 x 8 = 56
↑
Factors
 Test yourself…
What are the factors and products?
1. 6 x 7 = 42 → Factors: 6 and 7
Product:
42
2. 8 x 5 = 40 → Factors: 5 and 8
Product:
40
 Multiples
• A multiple is formed by multiplying a given number by the
counting numbers.
• The counting numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.
• Example: List the multiples of 4
• 4x1=4
• 4x2=8 So, the multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24,
• 4 x 3 = 12 28, 32, etc.
• 4 x 4 = 16
• 4 x 5 = 20
• 4 x 6 = 24
What are the first five multiples of 13?
13 x 1 = 13
13 x 2 = 26 So, the first five multiples
of
13 x 3 = 39 13 are 13, 26,
39, 52 and
14 x 4 = 52 65.
15 x 5 = 65
 Find the missing multiples.
1. 6, 12, 18, _______, _______, _______
2. ______, 16, 24, ______, _________
3. 9, 18, _______, 36, _________, 54, ______
4. 11, 22, 33, _______, ________, ________
5. ______, 30, 45, ________, _________
 Definition
Prime number – is a number that has only two factors, the itself
and 1.

• Example: 7 is a prime number because it has only two factors,

the number itself and 1.
 Examples of Prime Numbers

•2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,

29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59,
61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 91, 97.
 Definition
Composite number – a number that have more
than two factors.
Example #1: Number 8.
The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8.
#2: Number 15.
The factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, 15.
 Examples of Composite Numbers

• 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20,

• 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, ..…
 Remember:
• Prime numbers are numbers that have exactly two
factors, the number
itself and 1.
• Composite numbers are numbers that have more
than two factors.
• One (1) is neither prime nor composite number.
 One is a special number because . . .
• One is not a prime.

(because it does not have exactly two different factors).

• One is not a Composite.

(because it does not have more than 2 factors).
 Definition
Prime Factorization – is a way to write a composite
number as the product of its
prime factors.
2 x 2 x 3 = 12
or
2 x 3 = 12
2
 How to do a Prime Factorization
Factor Tree Method
Step 1 – Write down any composite number.
Step 2 – Start dividing by
48
Therefore, the prime
the prime #s (start with 2).
factors of 48 are 2.2.2.2.3
If the composite number is divisible
by 2, write it down and find the next factor. 2 x 24 = 48
If not, check if the factor is evenly
divisible by 3, 5, 7, 9, etc.
Step 3 – Check the factors if they are prime, you are done. If
2 x 2 x 12
they are not, proceed to step 4.

Step 4 – Continue dividing. If one of the factors is

2 x 2 x 2 x 6
divisible by 2,write it down and find the next factor If
not, check if the factor is evenly divisible by 3, 5, 7, 9, etc.
• 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
• Step 5 – Write the Prime Factorization in different ways;
 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 48
 2 . 2 . 2. 2 . 3 = 48
 24 x 3 = 48
The exponent or power tells how many times you are going to multiply the base.
 Find the Prime Factorization
4

Prime factorization 2x2

Prime factorization in
exponential form 2 =4
2
 Find the Prime Factorization

27
3 X 9

Prime factorization 3 x 3 x 3

Prime factorization
in exponential form
33 = 27
 You Have Options
The following screens illustrate another method that you can
use to find the Prime Factorization of a Composite Number.

Try it! You may

like it better.
 How to do a Prime Factorization
Ladder Method

Step 1 – Write down any composite number.

2 18
3 9
3
• Step 2 - Start dividing by the prime #s (start with 2)
If the composite number is divisible by 2,
write it on the left of the L and write the
other factor below the original composite #.
If not, check if the number is evenly divisible
by 3, 5, and so on.
 How to do a Prime Factorization
• Step 3 – Check the factors.
If they are prime, proceed to next step,
If not, continue the process. 2
18

• Step 4 – Continue dividing the # on the next 3 9

rung of the ladder by the prime #s (start with 2). 3
2 x 3 x 3 = 18
• Step 5 – Repeat this process until the # on Or 2 . 3 . 3 = 18 or 2 x 32

the next rung of the ladder is prime. The prime factorization of 18.
 Find the Prime Factorization

2 56
2 28
2 14

7
Find the Prime Factorization = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 = 56
Prime Factorization in Exponential Form = 23 7 = 56
x
 Summary
• One (1) is not a prime or composite number.
• Two is the only even prime number.
• Not all odd numbers are prime.
(examples: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 35, …)
• All composite numbers can be written as product of
prime numbers.
• Prime Factorization – is a way to express or write a
composite number as the product of its
prime factors.
Thank you!