| @ALL_ABOUT.

JEE

Continuity & Differentiability

| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Nature of Chapter:
1. These two topics are purely definition based. No multiple concepts
are there.

2. You should be very good at G.I.F. , as its used in most of the questions
in these topics.
3. You should be knowing std formats of Limits, before starting this
chapter.

4. Question will be made difficult by involving better Limits concepts or

by lengthy calculation or by involving G.I.F.
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Weightage of Continuity & Differentiability(Last 5 years)

2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Average

JEE Main 1.1 % 3.0 % 3.1 % 2.5 % 2.3 % 1.60 %

Jee Advanced 3% 0% 0% 8% 0% 1.20 %

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Continuity &
Differentiability
● Continuity at a Point
● Continuity of Composite Functions
● Continuity in an Interval
● Types of Discontinuity
● Intermediate value theorem
● LHD and RHD at x = a
● Differentiability at a Point
● Differentiability in an interval
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Continuity &
Differentiability
Critical Topics:

● G.I.F and limits

● Definitions
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Continuity at a
Point
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Continuity at a Point

A function is said to be continuous at x =

a If

i.e.

Let us see graphically , the different type of situations which may

come up at x = a
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Continuity at a
Point
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

is equal to

A 9/2

B 2/9

C 0

D -9/2
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

is equal to

A 9/2

B 2/9

C 0

D -9/2
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

is equal to

Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Continuity at a
Point
Normally, we have 2 varieties
(1) Function is given, and we need to check continuity.
(2) Function is given to be continuous and we need to find some constant(s).
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Continuity at a
Point
Normally, we have 2 varieties
(1) Function is given, and we need to check continuity.
(2) Function is given to be continuous and we need to find some constant(s).
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q
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Solution:
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Solution:
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Recall
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Solution:
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Q
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Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 11th Apr, 2023 - S1

A continuous at x = 0, but not

continuous at x = 1

B continuous at x = 0, and x
=1
C
continuous at x = 1, but
not continuous at x = 0
D Not continuous at x = 0 and x =
1
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 11th Apr, 2023 - S1

A continuous at x = 0, but not

continuous at x = 1

B continuous at x = 0, and x
=1
C
continuous at x = 1, but
not continuous at x = 0
D Not continuous at x = 0 and x =
1
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 2020

Q Let [t] denote the greatest integer ≤ t and

Then the function, f(x) = [x2]sin(πx) is

discontinuous, when x is equal to

D
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 2020

Q Let [t] denote the greatest integer ≤ t and

Then the function, f(x) = [x2]sin(πx) is

discontinuous, when x is equal to

D
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Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q
is continuous

function at every x in [1, 3], then find values of a,

where [.] is GIF.

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Solution:
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Continuity at a
Point
Now let’s see an example, when given function is itself a limit of
sth.
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Q If x = u is a point of discontinuity of

then the value of cos u is

A 0

B 1/
2

C (-1)n

D 1
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Q If x = u is a point of discontinuity of

then the value of cos u is

A 0

B 1/
2

C (-1)n

D 1
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q The function is

discontinuous at

A x=1
only
B x=3
only
C x = 1 and
3

D x = 0, 1 and
2
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q The function is

discontinuous at

A x=1
only
B x=3
only
C x = 1 and
3

D x = 0, 1 and
2
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Continuity at a
Point
Now let’s see an example which is continuous at very few points
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Q Check continuity of
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Check continuity of

Solution:
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Continuity at a
Point
So far we have covered 1st Variety
(1) Function is given, and we need to check continuity.
(2) Function is given to be continuous and we need to find some constant(s).
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Continuity at a
Point
So far we have covered 1st Variety
(1) Function is given, and we need to check continuity.
(2) Function is given to be continuous and we need to find some constant(s).
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Find a and b such that f(x) is continuous at x = 1

A a = 0, b =
1
B a = 3, b =
2
C a = 1, b =
2
D a = 2, b =
3
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Find a and b such that f(x) is continuous at x = 1

A a = 0, b =
1
B a = 3, b =
2
C a = 1, b =
2
D a = 2, b =
3
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023 - S2

If the function

is equal to

A 11

B 8

C 2e4 + 8

D 1
0
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023 - S2

If the function

is equal to

A 11

B 8

C 2e4 + 8

D 1
0
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Le If f(x)
t is

continuous at then find

| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Le If f(x)
t is

continuous at then find

Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q If is continuous at x =
0

and f(0) = 4, then the ordered pair (a, b) is

A (±1, 3)

B (1, ±3)

C
(-1, -
3)
D (1, 3)
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q If is continuous at x =
0

and f(0) = 4, then the ordered pair (a, b) is

A (±1, 3)

B (1, ±3)

C
(-1, -
3)
D (1, 3)
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Continuity of composite
functions
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Continuity of composite
functions
Observation

For

Try to observe
fog (2) =
fog (3) =
fog (1) =
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Continuity of composite
functions
Observation

For

Try to observe
fog (1-) =
fog (1+) =
fog (2 - ) =
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q
If

then check continuity of fog(x) at x = 2.

 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 25th June, 2022

Q Let f(x) = [2x2 + 1] and

where [t] is the greatest integer ≤ t. Then, in

the open interval ( - 1, 1), the number of points
where fog is discontinuous is equal to
_________ .
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 25th June, 2022

Q Let f(x) = [2x2 + 1] and

where [t] is the greatest integer ≤ t. Then, in

the open interval ( - 1, 1), the number of points
where fog is discontinuous is equal to
_________ .
Ans: 62
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Continuity of composite functions

Remark

● If g(x) is continuous at x = a and f(x) is continuous at g ( a )

then f(g(x)) is continuous at x = a.
● If g(x) is discontinuous at x = a then f(g(x)) may or may not
be discontinuous at x = a.
● If g(x) is undefined at x = a then f(g(x)) is discontinuous at x =
a.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q
Find points of discontinuity of fog(x)

if and
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Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Let , then y
is
discontinuous only at x
=

A 1,
2
B 1, -
2
C 1, ½,
2
D None of these
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Let , then y
is
discontinuous only at x
=

A 1,
2
B 1, -
2
C 1, ½,
2
D None of these
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Continuity in an
Interval
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Continuity in an
Interval
(a) y = f(x) is said to be continuous in (a, b ) if
:

f(x) is continuous ∀ x ∊ (a, b )

(b) y = f(x) is said to be continuous in [a, b ]

if: a b
(i)
(ii) its continuous in (a, b ) left continuous at x = b )
(i.e.

(iii) (i.e. right continuous at x = a )

It’s continuous in [a, b], though it’s not continuous at x =

b.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Types of
Discontinuity
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DISCONTINUITY

Removable Irremovable

Discontinuity Discontinuity
of 1st Kind of 2nd Kind
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Types of
Discontinuity
Removable discontinuity
exists but is not equal to f(a)

(Also called isolated (Also called missing point

point discontinuity) discontinuity)
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Types of
Discontinuity
Discontinuity of 1st Kind
LHL and RHL exists but are not equal

m
(Also called jump discontinuity)
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Types of
Discontinuity
Discontinuity of 2nd Kind

LHL and RHL does not exist

Eg is essential discontinuous at x = 0
:

Eg is essential discontinuous at x =
: 0
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Which of the following is true for the function

A f(x) is continuous a t x = 2.

B f(x) has removable discontinuity

at x = 2
C f(x) has non-removable discontinuity
at x = 2
D Discontinuity at x = 2 can be
removed by redefining function at x =
2.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Which of the following is true for the function

A f(x) is continuous a t x = 2.

B f(x) has removable discontinuity

at x = 2
C f(x) has non-removable discontinuity
at x = 2
D Discontinuity at x = 2 can be
removed by redefining function at x =
2.
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Intermediate Value
Theorem
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Intermediate Value Theorem

If y = f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and k is any number between f( a )

and f(b) then there is at least one number ‘c’ such that f(c) = k.

f(b)

f ( a)
a b
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Intermediate Value Theorem

Special case:
If f(x) is continuous in [a, b ] and f ( a ) × f(b) < 0 then f(x) has at least one root in (a,
b).
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Differentiabilit
y
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
LHD and RHD at x = a

For a function y = f(x) its Right Hand Derivative and Left Hand
Derivative are defined as:

RHD|x = a = f’(a + ) = ;h>

0

LHD|x = a = f’(a - ) = ;h>

0
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q If f ’(a + ) = 4 then

A 6

B 7

C 8

D 4
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q If f ’(a + ) = 4 then

A 6

B 7

C 8

D 4
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q If f ’(a + ) = 4 then

Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
LHD and RHD at x =
a

Geometrically

Consider
B((a+h), f(a+h))

A(a,f(a))

a a+h

is nothing but slope of secant AB.

| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
LHD and RHD at x =
a

Now, when we take limit as h → 0:

B((a+h), f(a+h))

A(a,f(a))

a a+h

becomes slope of at A, from

right.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
LHD and RHD at x =
a

Now, when we take limit as h → 0:

B((a+h), f(a+h))

A(a,f(a))

a a+h

becomes slope of at A, from

right.
Similarly, LHD gives slope of tangent at A from
left.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
LHD and RHD at x = a

Consider, the following graph and observe that RHD and LHD at x =
a are different.
Y

X
a
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Differentiability at a
Point
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Differentiability at a Point

A function is said to be differentiable at x = a

if: LHD|a = RHD|a = finite
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a Point

A function is said to be differentiable at x = a

if: LHD|a = RHD|a = finite

Geometrically
(a) LHD = RHD = finite ⇒ there exists a unique tangent at
x = a, so the graph is smooth.
(b) f(x) has a sharp point, if LHD and RHD exist, but are not
equal.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a
Point
Remark

( a ) Differentiable function is always continuous

(vice-versa need not be true).
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a
Point
Remark

(a) Differentiable function is always

continuous (vice-versa need not be true).

(b) If function is discontinuous at x = a then function

has to be non-differentiable at x = a.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a Point

NOTE

If RHD|a and LHD|a are finite then f(x) is continuous at x =

a, even if they are not equal.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Find LHD and RHD at x = 0 :

| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Find LHD and RHD at x = 0 :

Solution:

LHD RHD
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q LHD and RHD of f(x) = x|x| at x = 0 is

A LHD = 1, RHD =
0

B LHD = -1, RHD =

1

C LHD = RHD =
0
D None of these
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q LHD and RHD of f(x) = x|x| at x = 0 is

A LHD = 1, RHD =
0

B LHD = -1, RHD =

1

C LHD = RHD =
0
D None of these
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a
Point
Remark

(x − a)|x − a| is differentiable at x = a
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a
Point
Now let’s learn a shortcut to check differentiability
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Check differentiability of
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Check differentiability of

Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Check continuity and differentiability at x =

1 and x = 3 for f(x) = |(x - 1)(x - 3)|
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

A f(|x|) is discontinuous at x = 0

B f(|x|) is differentiable at x =
0
C |f(x)| is non-differentiable at x = 0,
2

D |f(x)| is continuous at x =
0
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

A f(|x|) is discontinuous at x = 0

B f(|x|) is differentiable at x =
0
C |f(x)| is non-differentiable at x = 0,
2

D |f(x)| is continuous at x =
0
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a
Point
Now let’s see examples where differentiability is given and
some unknown is asked
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q I is
f differentiable
at x = 1, then find a and
b

A a = 5, b =
3
B a = 7, b =
9
C a = -7, b =
9
D a = 9, b =
7
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q I is
f differentiable
at x = 1, then find a and
b

A a = 5, b =
3
B a = 7, b =
9
C a = -7, b =
9
D a = 9, b =
7
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 18th Mar, 2021

Q If is differentiable at every

point of the domain, then the values of a and b are

respectively:

D
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 18th Mar, 2021

Q If is differentiable at every

point of the domain, then the values of a and b are

respectively:

D
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 2020

Q If the is
function twice

differentiable, then the ordered pair (k1, k2) is equal

to
A (1, 0)

C (1,
1)

D
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 2020

Q If the is
function twice

differentiable, then the ordered pair (k1, k2) is equal

to
A (1, 0)

C (1,
1)

D
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a Point

Now, shortcut does not work always, there are few exceptions. There
are two cases where you should not use shortcut.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Check differentiability at x = 2 for

(a)

(b)

NOTE
Check continuity before applying shortcut. Shortcut may
give wrong conclusion in case of discontinuous function.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Check differentiability at x = 2 for

(a)
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:

Since LHL ≠ RHL

f(x) is not continuous and thus not differentiable
At x =
2 But

LHL =

Which is giving wrong conclusion

RHL =
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

NOTE
Do not use shortcut to check differentiability at x = a if f(x)
is defined separately at x = a
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Check differentiability at x = 2 for

(b)
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
At x = 0
RHD
LHD

Since LHD = RHD

= 0 × (finite number between -1 and f(x) is differentiable at x =
1) 0
=0
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a
Point
Remark

Let

(a) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 for p > 0

(b) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 for P >
1
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 24th Jan, 2023 - S1

Q
Le . Then at x =
t 0

A f is continuous but f’ is not continuous

B f and f’ both are continuous

C f is continuous but not differentiable

D f’ is continuous but not differentiable

| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 24th Jan, 2023 - S1

Q
Le . Then at x =
t 0

A f is continuous but f’ is not continuous

B f and f’ both are continuous

C f is continuous but not differentiable

D f’ is continuous but not differentiable

 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Differentiability at a
Point
Remark

If f(x) is differentiable at x = a and g(x) is not differentiable at x = a

then f(x) + g(x) is always non-differentiable at x = a. Nothing can be
said about their product and division. Product of two non-differentiable
functions can be differentiable.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Which of the following functions is differentiable at x =

0?

A cos(|x|) + |x|

B
cos(|x|) - |
C
x| sin(|x|) +
D sin(|x|) - |x|
|x|
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q Which of the following functions is differentiable at x =

0?

A cos(|x|) + |x|

B
cos(|x|) - |
C
x| sin(|x|) +
D sin(|x|) - |x|
|x|
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Which of the following functions is not
Q
differentiable at x = 1?

A f(x) = (x2 - 1) |(x - 1) (x -

2)|

B f(x) = sin(|x - 1|) - |x -

1|

C f(x) = tan (|x - 1|) + |x -

1|

D None of these

Recall

(x − a)|x − a| is differentiable at x = a
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Which of the following functions is not
Q
differentiable at x = 1?

A f(x) = (x2 - 1) |(x - 1) (x -

2)|

B f(x) = sin(|x - 1|) - |x -

1|

C f(x) = tan (|x - 1|) + |x -

1|

D None of these

Recall

(x − a)|x − a| is differentiable at x = a
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE IIT 1999
The function f(x) = (x2 - 1) |x2 - 3x + 2| + cos(|x|) is
Q
not differentiable at

A -
1

B 0

C 1

D 2
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE IIT 1999
The function f(x) = (x2 - 1) |x2 - 3x + 2| + cos(|x|) is
Q
not differentiable at

A -
1

B 0

C 1

D 2
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE IIT 1999
The function f(x) = (x2 - 1) |x2 - 3x + 2| + cos(|x|) is
Q
not differentiable at

Solution:

f(x) = (x + 1)(x - 1) |x - 1| |x - 2| + cos (|x|)

As(x - 1) |x - 1| is differentiable so no need to
worry about x = 1
As cos(|x|) = cos x, so no need to worry about x =
0
At x = 2, f(x) is clearly non-differentiable.
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 2019
Let K be the set of all real values of x where the
Q
function f(x) = sin |x| - |x| + 2(x - 𝜋) is not
differentiable. Then the set K is equal to

A {𝜋}

B 𝜙 ( a n empty set)

C {0}

D {0, 𝜋}
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 2019

Q Let K be the set of all real values of x where the

function f(x) = sin |x| - |x| + 2(x - 𝜋) is not
differentiable. Then the
set K is equal to
A {𝜋}

B 𝜙 ( a n empty set)

C {0}

D {0, 𝜋}
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q The function given by y = ||x| - 1| is differentiable for

all real numbers except the points

A ±
1

B {0, 1, -
1}

C 1

D -
1
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE

Q The function given by y = ||x| - 1| is differentiable for

all real numbers except the points

A ±
1

B {0, 1, -
1}

C 1

D -
1
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
f(x) = ||x| - 1| is non differentiable when |x| = 0 and when |x| - 1
=0
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 2020

both continuous and

A differentiable on R - { -1}
both continuous and
B differentiable on R - {1}
Continuous on R - {-1} and
C differentiable on R - { -1, 1}

Continuous on R - {1} and

D
differentiable on R - { -1,
1}
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 2020

both continuous and

A differentiable on R - { -1}
both continuous and
B differentiable on R - {1}
Continuous on R - {-1} and
C differentiable on R - { -1, 1}

Continuous on R - {1} and

D
differentiable on R - { -1,
1}
 | @ALL_ABOUT.JEE
Solution:
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 20th July, 2021

Q Let a function g: [0. 4] → R be defined

as

then the number of points in the interval (0, 4)

where g(x) is NOT differentiable, is
| @ALL_ABOUT.JEE JEE Main 20th July, 2021

Q Let a function g: [0. 4] → R be defined as

then the number of points in the interval (0, 4)

where g(x) is NOT differentiable, is

Ans: 3
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Solution:
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Q Let f(x) = x3 - x2 + x + 1
and

Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the

function g(x) in the interval (0, 2).
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Solution:

f(t) = t3 - t2 + t + 1
∴ f’(t) = 3t2 - 2t + 1
Its discriminant = ( -2)2 - 4.3.1 = -8 < 0 and coefficient of t2 = 3 >
0 Hence f’(t) > 0 for all real t.
⇒ f(t) is always increasing

Thus f(t) is maximum when t is maximum and tmax = x

∴ max f(t) = f(x) ⇒

Now it can be easily seen that f(x) is continuous in (0, 2)
and differentiable in (0, 2) except at x = 1
because at x = 1, LHD > 0 while RHD = -1 < 0.
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Differentiability in an
Interval
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Differentiability in an
interval
(a) f(x) is said to be differentiable in (a, b ) if:

It is differentiable ∀ x ∈ (a,b)

(b) f(x) is said to be differentiable in [a, b] if:

(i) it is differentiable in (a, b)
(ii) RHD|a exists at x = a
(iii) LHD|b exists at x = b