Lifting tools

and tackles

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 SAFETY IN OPERATION OF LIFTING TOOLS

 PURPOSE

 40% Accidents are due to Material handling

 It accounts 40% production cost

 It does not add value to the product but it cost to the product

 A large cost of product cost is due to Material handing

 Major activities in Cement Industries is Material Handling

 Listing tools and tackles comes under Material handling

activity

 It has potential for high risk and accidents

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 TIPS FOR CORRECT LIFTING PRACTICE
 Find out the correct weight of the load to be lifted

 Slightly lift the load check for CG , imbalance etc

 While lifting ensure that the load is not obstructing to any

 of the parts of structure

 Loose nuts & bolts must be kept in a box and not on the

 structures.The box to be properly anchored.

 Avoid sudden break or sudden release of the load . Impact

load may result in breaking of the rope/chain

 persons with B.P or epilepsy shall not be allowed to work at

heights
 Barricade the area of loads lifting/ sparks falling
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 CLASSIFICATION OF LIFTING APPLIANCES

L IF T IN G A P P LIA N C E S

L iftin g too ls L iftin g ta ck les

c ran es D -s h ac k les
H o is ts W ire rop es
C h ain p u lle y b loc ks C h ains
J ib c ra ne C la m p s e tc

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 LIFTING TOOLS AND TACKLES

Lifting tool is device which is used to lift load such

 Chain block

 Jacks

 Cranes etc

 Winch

 Mono rail

Lofting tackle is device which is used to facilitates for lifting load

such as
 Rope

 D- shackles

 Hooks

 Eye bolts etc 5

 CHAIN BLOCK

PROPER USE OF CHAIN BLOCK

 Never drag the chain block on the floor. It must be caried

 Chin block when not in use must be hanged on hooks and

kept under cover and not left on floor

 It must be inspected before and after use

 Chain block to be lubricated periodically

 Once in year or often dismantle the chain completely and

examine the parts thoroughly and replace worn out parts.

 Maintain proper service record of chain block

 Load capacity never be exceed. It is advisable to lift 10% less

load then specified. Jerks load while lifting to be avoided
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 JACKS
It is a portable tools used for lifting heavy load s through short
distance. There are several types of jacks

 Screw Jacks

 Screw jacks with ratchet handle

 Hydraulic Jack with inbuilt pump

 Hydraulic jack with separate pump etc

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 JACKS

PROPER USE OF JACK

 Chose a jack of at least 25% higher capacity htna the load to

be lifted

 Use wooden block below and above jacks to reduce chance

of slipping

 Use same capacity and same stroke length jacks when lifting
load with two or more jacks simultaneously

 Inspect, clean lubricate jacks before and after use of jacks

 Never drag the jacks on floor

 When not in store jacks properly in racks after applying a thin

layer of grease to prevent rust

 Use jacks according to instruction of manufacturer. All jacks

have a marks on the ram indicating the limits of ram travel
which never be exceeded
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 JACKS

PROPER USE OF JACK

 Always use clean oil of given specification according to

manufacturer

 Use standard length levers provided with hydraulic jacks not

any available bars

 There are some jacks which are manufactured only for use in
vertical position only which should not be used in horizontal
position.

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 CRANES- TYPES OF CRANE

PROPER USE OF CRANES

 Type of cranes

1. Wall mounted cranes

2. Gantry cranes

3. One leg Gantry cranes

4. Jib cranes

5. Mobile cranes

a. Truck mounted cranes

b. Crawler crane

c. Tyre mounted crane

d. Loco Crane
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 CRANES – OPERATION SAFETY

The following factor to be consider while lifting load

 About the load

 Where the load will be shifted

 Method to be adopted

1. Manual handling

2. Mechanical handling

 About the operator

 About he Supervisor

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 CRANES
 About the load

1. Weight of the item

2. Dimension

3. Special instruction if any

4. Hazardous/ Danger involved

 Where the load will be shifted

1. With in the Plant

2. With in the store area

3. Distance

4. Pathway is clear and free from any shorts of hazards

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 CRANES – OPERATION SAFETY
 Method to be adopted

1. Manual handling

a. Where the workers are trained

b. Proper PPEs are available

 Mechanical handling

1. What is the handling equipment

2. Is it suitable for the load

3. Is the crane capacity is sufficient for the load

4. Is the all the tools are tested and examined by

competent persons

5. Is the equipment is good working condition

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 CRANES – OPERATION SAFETY
 About the operator

1. Is the operator trained for operation

2. Does poses license if required

3. Is the operator is aware about method of handling

4. Is the operator is aware about the hazards

associated with the handling and course of action to
be taken by him in case of emergency or accident

 About he Supervisor

1. Is he trained

2. Is he familiar with statutory requirement

3. Is he capable of handling emergency

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 CRANES- OPERATION SAFETY

Operate the equipment if

1. Equipment has been operated bare once

2. The load has been correctly fastened/ Balance way

3. Suitable PPEs has been provided

4. Environment is safe

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 OTHER IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR CRANE OPERATION

 Before start of lifting following conditions to be fulfilled

1. Slings must not be kinked

2. Load must be must be in plumb line

3. There must not be sudden jerks

4. The load should be lifted few inches first and observed the
balance to know the degree of tilt

5. No body is allowed to be under the suspended load

6. Obstruction/Entangle of load should be avoid because it

will over stretch the hoisting rope

7. Rubbing of hoisting hope with any stationary/moving

object should be avoided

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 OTHER IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR CRANE OPERATION

 Transversing of load

1. The load must be move after hoisting and clearing the

obstruction

2. Two movement should not be done same time

3. Uniform speed to be maintained

4. The sweeping zone should be kept free from obstruction

5. During movement of load it must be kept visible as far as

practicable to operator. If it is not posible thenhelp to be
taken from Signaler.

6. The movement operation will be suspended if load fall

freely under neutral condition

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 OTHER IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR CRANE OPERATION

 Lowering and positioning of load

1. The to be lowered slowly and carefully

2. Nobody is allowed under the load while lowering

3. Nobody is allow3d inside the cabin while loading the

trucks

4. Positioning and resting of load on plum line and it will be

standstill upto removal of load

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 INSPECTION LIFTING TOOLS

 It is divided into two type

1. Frequent inspection

Daily , Monthly and weekly and monthly

2. Periodic Inspection

Quarterly, Half yearly and yearly

 Frequent Inspection

 All functional operating systems like winch assembly,

control blocks, safety devices, electrical equipments
hydraulic system etc must be inspected daily

 Running ropes shall be inspected on monthly basis and

record to be kept

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 INSPECTION LIFTING TOOLS

Periodic Inspection

 It includes

1. Oil levels and lubrication of all the parts

2. Inspection of rope and rope termination fittings

3. Spillage oil grease, grease and other materials

4. The function of brakes

5. Functioning of limit switches

6. Functioning of electrical switches

7. The cover and safety guards

8. Functioning alarm

9. Functioning of load indicating system 20

 INSPECTION LIFTING TOOLS- PERIODIC INSPECTION

Periodic Inspection

1. Deformation cracks, corrosion of jibs, blocks etc

2. Deformation like throat opening and bending of

hooks ( Throat opening 15% with latch and 8% with
out latch). Max bending allowed is 5% either side

3. Loose bolts, rivets and bearings

4. Worn out hooks, pins, bearings, shaft, gears, rollers

locking and clamping device

5. Excessive wearing on break system and lining

6. Improper functioning electrical devices including limit

switches

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PREACUTION TO BE TAKEN DURING MAINTENANCE

1. The crane must be moved to a location with at least

interface with other carne/equipments or operator

2. All the controller must be off position

3. LOTOTO to be applied

4. Warning sign crane under maintenance

5. Rail stopper to be provided

6. Crane must not take into operation if the guards are

not put properly

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 LIFTING TACKLES

Lofting tackle is device which is used to facilitates for lifting load

such as
 Rope

 D- shackles

 Hooks

 Eye bolts etc

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 ROPE

Lofting tackle is device which is used to facilitates for lifting load

such as
 Rope

1. Fibre rope

2. Wire rope

3. Synthetic rope

4. Chain

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 FIBRE ROPE

Handling care and Use of Fibre rope

 Fibre rope never be stores on floor or in box. It should be

hang on well ventilated room. A wet rope should be throughly
dried and cleaned before storage. It must not be kept near
high temp area. Carbon mono-oxide and Carbon di-oxide
causes rapid deterioration of the rope

 When a rope is used as as sling, it should not pass over

sharp edge of casing/beam. ( If rope rope makes an angle of
60 Deg with horizontal then they have only 86% of its
strength, 71% at 45 Deg and 50% at 30 Deg

 Rope should not be dragged on ground

 Fibre rope should be inspected thoroughly before and after

use the out side as well as inside ( by untwisting the strand).
Accumulation like powder like saw dust inside rope indicate
excessive internal wear. Excessive oil on the outside of the
rope is the indication of overload

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 FIBRE ROPE

Handling care and Use of Fibre rope

 If the inside the rope is dirty, if the strand have begun to

unlay or if the rope has lost its life elasticity it should not used
for hoisting
Dia of Nylon Manila
the rope rope rope(Kgs)
in inch ( Kgs) FOS(6)
FOS(6)
¼ 170 Nil
½ 560 120
¾ 1290 245
1 2230 410
1¼ 3450 610
1 1/2 4990 840
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 WIRE ROPE

Construction of 6/19 wire

rope
6=no. of strands
19 =no. of wire ropes in each
strand

Core of the 19( 1/6/12) I.e 12wires over 6

rope wires over one wire.
Type of cores
1. Fiber core: sisal, polypropylene or nylon
2. Wire core : IWRC (Independent wire rope
core), SSC (steel strand core) or Armor core
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 WIRE ROPE COMPONENTS

CORE

WIRE

STRAND

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PROPER USE OF WIRE ROPE

CORE

WIRE

STRAND

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 PROPER USE OF WIRE ROPE

 Reduction in diameter of the rope due to core failure , abrasion etc

should not be more than

 1.0 mm for the ropes up to---19mm dia

 1.5mm for ropes of------------22-28mm dia

CORE
 2.0mm for ropes of ------------32-38mm dia

WIRE
SUCH ROPE TO BE REPLACED

STRAND

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 PROPER USE OF WIRE ROPE

 Reduction in diameter of the rope due to core failure , abrasion etc

should not be more than

 1.0 mm for the ropes up to---19mm dia

 1.5mm for ropes of------------22-28mm dia

CORE
 2.0mm for ropes of ------------32-38mm dia

WIRE
SUCH ROPE TO BE REPLACED

STRAND

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PROPER USE OF WIRE ROPE

CORE

WIRE

STRAND

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PROPER USE OF WIRE ROPE

CORE

WIRE

STRAND

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PROPER USE OF WIRE ROPE

CORE

WIRE

STRAND

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 THUMB RULES

 STRAND
LOAD CARRING CAPACITY THUMB RULE
FORMULA

W = 8d2
( W in Kgs. ; ‘d’ in mm )
CORE

WIRE

Subject to zero included angles between the Ropes.

N.B : The same formula is valid for D-Shackles also. 35
CAPACITY OF ROPE AT VARIOS ANGLE

CORE

WIRE

STRAND

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CAPACITY OF ROPE AT VARIOUS ANGLE

CORE

WIRE

STRAND

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 TEST LOAD

s.no SWL(t) Load required for

over load
CORE
test (t)

1 100 110
2 75 82.5
WIRE
3 50 55
4 25
STRAND 30
5 1 1.25
6 5 6.25
7 2 2.5
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 LIFTING TACKLES

Dead End U BOLT

U-Bolt
CORE

WIRE Saddle
SADDLE

CORRECTSTRAND

Installed properly as to number, direction, spacing and torque.

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 LIFTING TACKLES

CORE

INCORRECT INCORRECT
WIRE

STRAND
Do Not Alternate!
Saddle is on Dead End!

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 LIFTING TACKLES

Load Load

CORE

INCORRECT INCORRECT
Result
WIRE

Correct Orientation –STRANDIncorrect Orientation –

Load is in the plane of When the load is applied to the
the eye. eye in this direction it will bend.

Always load an eyebolt in the plane of the eye.

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 HOOKS

CORE

INCORRECT
WIRE

STRAND

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 LIFTING TOOLS AND TACKLES LEGAL PROVISION
Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles

1. Every chain, rope and lifting tackles for the purpose of raising or lowering
persons goods or materials.

a) All parts including the working gear, whether fixed or moveable of every
lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be-

(i) of good construction, sound material and adequate strength and free from
defects;
(ii) Properly maintained and
(iii) Thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period
of twelve months or at such intervals as the Chief Inspector may specify in
writing, and a register shall be kept containing the prescribed particulars of
every examination.

b) No lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle shall except for the
purpose of test, be loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be
plainly marked thereon together with an identification mark and duly entered
in the prescribed register; and where this is not practicable, a table showing
the safe working loads of every kind and size of lifting machine or chain,
rope or lifting tackle in use shall be displayed in prominent positions on the
premises.
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 LIFTING TOOLS AND TACKLES LEGAL PROVISION

Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles

c) While any person is employed or working on or near the wheel track of

travelling crane in any place, where he would be liable to be struck by the
crane, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the crane does not
approach within (six meters) of that place.

2. The State Government may make rules in respect of any lifting machine or
any chain, rope or lifting tackle used in factories.

a) Prescribing further requirement to be complied with in addition to those set

our in this section.
b) Providing for exemption from compliance with all or any of the requirements
of this section, where in its opinion, such compliance is unnecessary or
impracticable.

For the purpose of this section a lifting machine or a chain rope or lifting tackle
shall be deemed to have been thoroughly examined if a visual examination
supplement, if necessary, by other means and by the dismantling of parts of
the gear, has been carried out as carefully as the conditions permit in order
to arrive at a reliable conclusion as to the safety of the parts examined.

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