21 Century

st

Literature from the

Philippines and the
World
Introducti
on to
Literature
Objectives:
Define Literature
Identify the general classification
of Literature
Identify the different sub genres/
types of Literature
Know the importance of Literature
What is
Literature?
 derived from the Latin any printed material
word “littera” which
written within a book, a
means an acquaintance with
letters magazine or a pamphlet

it is a story
it is an art
literary productions, either oral,
of man
written or visual containing
imaginative language that realistically
portrays thoughts, emotions and
experiences of the human condition
What are
the general
types of
consists of written an imaginative awareness
works within the of experience expressed
common flow of through meaning, sound,
conversation presented and rhythmic language
in a straightforward choices as to evoke
manner emotional response
 FICTION NONFICTION
written in ordinary, written in ordinary,
non-metrical
language and based
on the product of the
PROSE non-metrical
language and
communicates facts
writer's imagination. or opinions about
reality.
What are
the types
of Prose?
NOVEL
a long narrative divided into chapters
SHORT STORY
a narrative involving one or more characters,
one plot and one single impression
PLAYS
presented on a stage, is divided into acts
and each act has many scenes
 FOLK
TALES
traditional narrative, usually anonymous, and
handed down orally
LEGENDS
are fictitious narratives, usually about origins.
 FABLES
are also fictitious and they deal with animals
and inanimate things who speak and act like
people.
MYTHS
 traditional sacred story, typically
revolving around the activities of gods and
heroes, which aim to explain a natural
phenomenon or
cultural practice
ESSAY
this expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the
writer about a particular problem or event.
BIOGRAPHY
an account of someone’s life written by
someone else.
What are
the types
of Poetry?
 this form narrates a story in
Narrative verse form.
Poetry

this is an emotional piece

of literature which

POETR Dramatic
Poetry
includes a story that is
presented on a stage

YLyric
Poetry
A kind of poetry meant to be sung to the
accompaniment of a lyre, but now, this
applies to any type of poetry that expresses
emotions and feelings to the poet.
 What are
the types
of Narrative
EPIC
an extended narrative about heroic exploits
under supernatural control.
BALLADS
considered as the shortest and simplest of the
narrative poems.
It has a simple structure and tells a single
incident.

Example:
Ballad of a Mother’s Heart
by Jose La Villa Tierra
What are
the types
of Lyric
FOLKSONG
short poems intended to be sung.
SONNETS
this is a lyrical poem of 14
lines dealing with an emotion,
a feeling or an idea.
ELEGY
this is a lyric poem which
expresses feelings of grief
and melancholy, and whose
theme is death.
PSALMS
a song praising God or the
Virgin Mary and containing
a philosophy of life.
AWIT (SONG)
these have the measures of twelve syllables
(dodecasyllabic) and slowly sung to the
accompaniment of a guitar or banduria
What are
the types
Dramatic
MELODRAMA
this is usually seen in musical play with the
opera.
TRAGEDY
a genre of drama based on human suffering and mainly,
the terrible or sorrowful events that befall a main character.
COMEDY
this form usually is light and written with a purpose of
amusing, and usually has a happy ending.
FARCE
an exaggerated comedy.
It seeks to arouse mirth by laughable
lines; situations are too ridiculous to
be true; the characters seem to
be caricatures and the motives
undignified and absurd.
 Why do we
need to study
Literature?
 to better fuels imagination appreciate other
appreciate our cultures and
literary heritage beliefs

IMPORTANCE
expands a person’s improves
vocabulary and
OF
concentration and
improves his/her LITERATURE focus
writing skills

a powerful stress builds critical

reliever thinking skill
QUIZ
Instructions:
Read each item carefully and fill
in the blanks with the correct
answer.
1. Poetry has three (3) types: Narrative,
Lyric and _______ poetry. (dramatic)

2. _______ means letter or hand

writing.
(littera)

3. A type of literature that uses the

aesthetic quality of language to evoke
emotional response through sound
and rhythmic language. (poetry)
4. A literature that is fictitious and
deals with an animal and inanimate
things who speak and act like people
is called ______________. (fable)
5. ___________ is an example of a
novel.
6. Awit have the measures of ______
syllables and slowly sung to the
accompaniment of a guitar.
7. ________ is a kind of prose that is
written based on the product of the
writer's imagination.
8. __________ is a kind of prose involving
one or more characters, one plot and one
single impression.
9 The shortest and simplest of all the
narrative poem.
10-12. Define Literature
13-15. In 3-5 sentences, explain the benefits
of reading literature to you as a student.