ATMEGA32 Device

Interfacing
Prof. Pratik Gohel
Assistant Professor
Electronics & Communication Department
Government Engineering College Bhavnagar
ATMega32 how to set and reset relay
via digital buttons
• In this example, I use digital inputs outputs of ATMega32 to
control a relay. Relay has an advantage of driving alternative
that the microcontroller could do that directly.
• The CPU clocks at 16 MHz, supplied at +5 V DC. PC0 of PortC
is a digital output, driving a relay. The relay coil work at +5V.
You can choose another voltage rating.
• PA0 is an input, connected to a push button sw1. When the
button is pressed, PC0 become set.
• PA7 is an input, connected to a push button sw2. When the
button is pressed, PC0 become reset.
Program
#include <avr/io.h>
#define setButton (PINA&0x01)
#define resetButton (PINA&0x80)
int main(void)
{
DDRA=0x7E; //PA0 and PA7 are input
PORTA=0x81; //Set PA0 and PA7 High
DDRC=0xFF;
/* Replace with your application code */
while (1)
{
if (setButton==0) PORTC=0x01;
if (resetButton==0) PORTC=0x00;
}
}
ATMega32 AVR digital input output example in Atmel Studio 7 (youtube.com)
ATMega32 controlling DC Motor
direction via buttons
• In this example I use a single Port of PORTC accepting the
digital input from button, and output the control to DC motor.
• I use L293 for controlling the direction, and also driving the
motor at higher voltage and higher current at +12 V.
 while (1)
#include <avr/io.h>
{
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
if (forward==0)
#include "util/delay.h"
{
#define forward (PINC&0b10000000)
PORTC=stop_running;
#define stop (PINC&0b01000000)
_delay_ms(250);
#define backward (PINC&0b00100000)
PORTC=run_forward;
//OUTPUT DATA FOR MOTOR
}
#define run_forward 0b11100001
else if (stop==0)
#define run_backward 0b11100010
{
#define stop_running 0b11100000
PORTC=stop_running;
_delay_ms(250);
PORTC=stop_running;
int main(void)
}
{
else if (backward==0)
DDRC=0b00011111; //PINC7.5 INPUT
{
PORTC=0b11100000; //PC7.5 SET TO HIGH
PORTC=stop_running;
_delay_ms(250);
PORTC=run_backward;
}
}
}
Interfacing ATMega32 To Seven Segment Display
• The programming for is very simple. It could represent numbers
and some English letters.
• It come with two terminology, common cathode type and common
anode type. But deciding which type to use depends on the
application. In this example, I take only common cathode type.
• Since it made of seven LED segment, we just turn on any LED to
display digit or letter. For example, turning on LED segment B
and C make digit "1" to display.
• In programming, they commonly use hexadecimal equivalent to
the SSD output.
• For the common cathode type display the hex code represent the
digit from 0 to 9 and from A to F is shown below:
• Each LED segment made of from LED, requiring around 2 V
and ~10 mA of current. Typically, the digital output from
microcontroller drives a voltage of +5V TTL. So we need to cut
down the voltage from microcontroller to ~2 V via resistor.
#include <avr/io.h> while (1)
#define F_CPU 16000000UL {
#include "util/delay.h" if (btnPressed) //CHECK IF PD0 IS
PRESSED
//SET THE INPUT BUTTON FOR COUNTING
{
#define btnPressed ((PIND&0x01)==0) btnCount+=1; //Increase The Counter
int main(void) _delay_ms(250);
{ if(btnCount>15) btnCount=0;
//RESET COUNTER WHEN IT IS OVER 15
//SEVEN SEGMENT MAP FOR COMMON
}
//CATHODE TYPE SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY PORTC=ssd[btnCount]; //OUTPUT TO SSD
unsigned char }
ssd[16]={0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x6D,0x }
7D,
0x07,0x7F,0x6F,0x77,0x7C,0x39,0x5E,0x79,0
x71};
unsigned char btnCount=0;
Interfacing ATMega32 To Seven Segment D
DDRC=0xFF; //PORTC IS FOR OUTPUT TO SEVEN isplay (youtube.com)
SEGMENT
DDRD=0xFE; //PORTD PD0 IS USED FOR INPUT
COUNTING
PORTD=0x01; //SET PD0 TO HIGH FOR PULLING
UP
Controlling the uni-polar stepper
motor with ATMega32
• Uni-polar stepper motor is kind of brush-less DC motor that convert electrical pulse to mechanical
movement. Comparing to bipolar stepper motor, it's easy to control but with lower torque. Stepper
motor give a higher precision stepping than simple brushed DC motor. It's commonly use in
photocopier machine, numerical control etc.
• It is made of two distinct coils. Each coil divided into two pieces by a common centered tap.
• We can rotate by two method, half stepping and full stepping.
Half Stepping
• Half stepping is very easy to implement. Since the motor made
of four coil, we just active each coil one by one. For Example,
we activate A1 Coil for a given millisecond and then turn A1 off.
After that we do this to the next A2 coil.
• This stepping method could be easily implemented using a
synchronous digital circuit.
• The timing diagram below used for stepping counter clock wise:
• The time diagram below used for stepping clock wise:
#include <avr/io.h> int main(void)
#define F_CPU 16000000UL {
#include "util/delay.h" DDRC=0x0F; //PC0.3 ARE OUTPUT
#define stepTime 50
PORTC=0x00; //Clear PortC
void stepBackward() DDRD=0x7F; //PD7 IS INPUT
{ PORTD=0x80; //PULLUP PD7 HIGH
PORTC=0x01; while (1)
_delay_ms(stepTime); {
PORTC=0x02; if(PIND&0x80)
_delay_ms(stepTime); stepBackward();
PORTC=0x04; else
_delay_ms(stepTime);
stepForward();
PORTC=0x08;
_delay_ms(stepTime); }
} }
void stepForward()
{
PORTC=0x08;
_delay_ms(stepTime);
PORTC=0x04;
_delay_ms(stepTime);
PORTC=0x02;
_delay_ms(stepTime);
PORTC=0x01;
_delay_ms(stepTime);
}
 Full Stepping
• Full stepping give the motor to maximize its output torque. For
this stepping, we must active two coil at the same time to make
one step.
• The timing diagram below gives the full step clock wise rotation:

• The timing diagram below gives the full step counter clock wise
rotation:
#include <avr/io.h> int main(void)
{
#define F_CPU 16000000UL DDRC=0x0F; //PC0.3 ARE OUTPUT
#include "util/delay.h"
PORTC=0x00; //Clear PortC
#define stepTime 50
void stepForward() DDRD=0x7F; //PD7 IS INPUT
{ PORTD=0x80; //PULLUP PD7 HIGH
PORTC=0b1001; while (1)
_delay_ms(stepTime); {
PORTC=0x0011; If(PIND&0x80)
_delay_ms(stepTime); stepBackward();
PORTC=0b0110; else
_delay_ms(stepTime);
stepForward();
PORTC=0b1100;
_delay_ms(stepTime); }
} }
void stepBackward()
{
PORTC=0b1100;
_delay_ms(stepTime);
PORTC=0b0110;
_delay_ms(stepTime);
PORTC=0b0011;
_delay_ms(stepTime);
PORTC=0b1001;
_delay_ms(stepTime);
}