EDUC 302

THE TEACHER AND THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM

Presented by: Charis Cortes

PEMETREIMLN
IMPLEMENTER
RAETHCE
TEACHER
MULRICRCUU
CURRICULUM
 Implementing
the Curriculum
Presented by: Charis Cortes
 XL
At the end of this lesson, students are expected to:

a. identify the meaning of Implementing Curriculum,

b. explain the process of curriculum implementation and

c. appreciate the proper way of implementing curriculum.

Teacher as a Curriculum Implementer
● This is one of the major roles that a
teacher does in the school. Many of the
curricula that is being use may have been
recommended and written down. But the
teachers task is to implement such.
IMPLEMENTING THE DESIGNED
CURRICULUM AS A CHANGE PROCESS

CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION DEFINED

• Curriculum implementation means putting into practice

the written curriculum that has been designed in syllabi,
course of study, curricular guides and subjects. It is a
process wherein the learners acquire the planned or
intended knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are aimed at
enabling the same learners to function effectively in society.
(SADC MoE Africa, 2000)
 To them, curriculum implementation
implies the following:
Ornstein and Hunkins in
1998 defined curriculum
• Shift from what is current to a
implementation as the new or enhanced curriculum.
interaction between the • Change in knowledge, actions,
attitudes of the persons
curriculum that has been involved.
written and planned and the • Change in behavior using new
persons(teachers) who are strategies and resources.
• Change which requires efforts
in charge to deliver it.
hence goals should be
achievable
 Loucks and Lieberman (1983)
define curriculum implementation as
the trying out of a new practice and
what it looks like when actually used
in a school system. It simply means
that implementation should bring the
desired change and improvement
CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION
AS A CHANGE PROCESS
• Kurt Lewin (1951), the father of social
psychology explains the process of change.
The model can be used to explain curriculum
change and implementation.

• In the education landscape, there are always

two forces that oppose each other. These are
the driving force and the restraining force.
 Driving Force Restraining Force

• The driving force is what • On the other hand, the

motivates us to take action, to restraining force is what
strive for our goals and
hinders our progress and
dreams.
limits our potential.
• Seeking change
• Pull the subject back into
the current stage.
CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION
AS A CHANGE PROCESS

• When these two forces are equal, the state

is equilibrium and there will be no change.
The situation or condition will stay the
same.
 CATEGORIES OF CURRICULUM CHANGES

McNeil in 1990 categorized curriculum changes as follows:

01 Substitution - The current curriculum will be replaced or substitutes by

a new one. Sometimes, we call this a complete overhaul.

02 Alteration - There is a similar minor change to the current or existing

curriculum.

03 Restructuring - Building a new structure would mean major change or

modification in the school system, degree program or educational
system.
 CATEGORIES OF CURRICULUM CHANGES

McNeil in 1990 categorized curriculum changes as follows:

04 Perturbations - These are changes that are disruptive, but teachers

have to adjust to them within a fairly short time.

05 Value orientation - This is the type of curriculum change. Perhaps

this classification will respond to shift in the emphasis that the teacher
provides which are not within the mission or vision of the school or
vice versa.
 The process of change may contain three

P ro c e ss important elements. As a process, curriculum

of implementation should be developmental,

Change participatory and supportive.

• Developmental is the sense that it should develop
multiple perspectives, increase integration and make
learning autonomous, create a climate of openness
and trust, and appreciate and affirm strengths of the
teacher.

• There are simple stages in the developmental change

process for the teachers. First, is orientation and
preparation.
• Participatory - For curriculum implementation to
succeed, it should be participatory, especially because
other stakeholders like peers, school leaders, parents
and curriculum specialists are necessary.

• Supportive - Curriculum implementation is required

in the process of change. Materials support like
supplies, equipment and conductive learning
environment like classrooms and laboratory should
be made available.
 Time
• Time is an important
commodity for a successful
change process.

• Time is needed by the

teachers to plan, adapt, train
or practice, provide the
necessary requirements and
get support.
Activity Time
Choose a specific subject and a certain topic from that learning areas and you are going to:
1. Outline Objectives
2. Assessment Strategies

Rubrics for the Performance

- Content: 10
- Organization: 5
- Creativity: 5

Students Activities:
Each of the member should contribute. You are only given 2 minutes to present their task.
 Questions:

1. What factors did you consider in implementing the curriculum?

2. How did collaboration contribute to the effectiveness in implementing

curriculum?
QUIZ Time
1. It is an important commodity for a successful change process. __________

2. It is the sense that it should develop multiple perspectives, increase integration and
make learning autonomous, create a climate of openness and trust, and appreciate and
affirm strengths of the teacher. __________

3. These are changes that are disruptive, but teachers have to adjust to them within a fairly
short time. __________

4. This is the type of curriculum change. Perhaps this classification will respond to shift in
the emphasis that the teacher provides which are not within the mission or vision of the
school or vice versa. __________

5. For curriculum implementation to succeed, it should be participatory, especially because

other stakeholders like peers, school leaders, parents and curriculum specialists are
necessary. __________
QUIZ Time
6. Materials support like supplies, equipment and conductive learning environment like
classrooms and laboratory should be made available. _________

(7-8) In 1998, who defined curriculum implementation as the interaction between the
curriculum that has been written and planned and the persons(teachers) who are in charge to
deliver it.
a. Ornstein and Hunkins
b. Loucks and Lieberman
c. Kurt and Lewin

9. Who is the father of social psychology?

a. Hunkins
b. Lieberman
c. Kurt Lewin

10. What is the neutral term that show the balance of driving force and Restraining forces?
____________
Thank you
for
listening!