C1 Mathematics in Our World

Mathematics in our World
Mathematics in the Modern World

Objectives
At the end of the chapter, the student is

expected to:
1. identify patterns in nature and
regularities in the world;
2. articulate the importance of
mathematics in one’s life;
3. express appreciation for mathematics
as a human endeavor.

Homework
Read Chapters 1-4 of Ian Stewart’s

Nature’s Numbers
Link to the pdf file

https://
Cismasemanual.files.wordpress.com
2010/02/ian.stewart.numerele-naturii.pdf

Homework
Write a 2- page essay of what you have
read.
Specifications:
•Use short bond paper 8.5 by 11
•12-pt Arial font
•1.5 space between lines , no extra space
between paragraphs
•Include references
•Be creative in choosing a title. Title on the
first page and your name at the second
page.
•Submit a week from now.
History of Mathematics
Origins of counting
The first solid evidence of the existence of the
number one, and that someone was using it to
count, appears about 20,000 years ago.
Counting started with just a unified series of
unified lines cut into a bone.
Ishango Bone
(Source: http://curiosity101.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Ishango-
Bone.png)
20th Century Breakthrough
 Math and Programma 101
 first personal (desktop) computer released in
1965
 used to perform sums, subtractions,
multiplications, divisions and even square roots.

 First Landing of Man on the Moon (Apollo11,1969)
- spacecraft requires perfectly calculated
computations w/c are obtained through matrix
transformations.
NASA used P101

in the Apollo 11
program.

 Math in GPS (Global Positioning System)
-used to benefit the military at first (1989)
- at present 24 satellites are being used in cell
phones, ATM (Automatic Teller Machine),Grab car,
etc.

ADM
r1 U
DLSU r2
r3
UE

Math in GPS
Mathematically speaking, this can be translated

into a system of spheres’ equations:
{
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 0)2 +( 𝑦 − 𝑦 0 )2 +( 𝑧 − 𝑧 0 )2=𝑟 2
( 𝑥 − 𝑥1 )2 +( 𝑦 − 𝑦 1)2 +( 𝑧 − 𝑧 1)2= 𝑟 12
( 𝑥 − 𝑥2 )2 +( 𝑦 − 𝑦 2)2 +( 𝑧 − 𝑧 2)2 =𝑟 22
Math in GPS
In order to make this simple calculation, the
GPS receiver has to know two things:
1) The distance between you and each of those

satellites.
2) The location of at least three satellites above
you;
The GPS receiver figures both of these things

out by analyzing high-frequency, low-power
radio signals from the GPS satellites. The
receiver can figure out how far the signal has
traveled by timing how long it took the signal to
arrive.
Video Watching
Nature by Numbers
by
Cristobal Vila
https://youtu.be/tnkLDFpgix4
Pair-sharing

Nature by Numbers by Cristobal Vila

Mathematics in Our World
Geometric patterns
Honeycomb Snake Skin
Wave patterns in water and on land
Sahara Golden
Dunes
Patterns of movement

Fractals
School of fish
Koch
Snowflakes
Fractals
A fractal is a mathematical formula
of a pattern that repeats over a wide
range of size and time scales. These
patterns are hidden within more complex
systems.
 Benoit Mandelbrot, known as the father
of fractals, described how he has been

using fractals to find order within the
complex systems in nature, such as the
shape of coastlines.

We live in a universe of
patterns!
1. Flower petals
2. The honeycomb
3. The sunflower
4. The snowflake
5. The snail’s shell

Flower Petals
FLOWERS NUMBER OF PETALS

Calla Lily 1
Trillium 3
Hibiscus 5
Cosmos 8
Corn Marigolds 13
Asters 21
Daisies 34, 55, 89

Flower Petals
Calla Lily Cosmos
Trillium
Corn Marigold
Daisies
Hibiscus Asters
The Honeycomb
Why do the cells of a honeycomb have a

hexagonal form?
The shape turns out to be economical:
much honey is enclosed by minimum
beeswax.

The Sunflower
Seed patterns of
sunflower
All the sunflowers in the world show a number

of spirals that are within the Fibonacci sequence
The Snowflakes

The Snail Shell

Patterns and Numbers in Nature
 Human mind and culture have developed a formal

system of thought for recognizing, classifying, and
exploiting patterns called mathematics.
 By using mathematics to organize and systematize our
ideas about patterns, we have discovered a great
secret: nature’s patterns are not just there to be
admired, they are vital clues to the rules that governs
natural processes.

What is Mathematics ?
Please watch this!

Where is Mathematics?
 we see hints or clues of it in nature

 in our daily routine
 in our work
 in people
The Star of David is found

in the oldest complete
edition of the Hebrew
Bible that dates to around
1008 -1010 A.D. or C.E.

What is Mathematics for?
 help unravel the puzzles of nature
Cowlick in a baby’s
hair
DNA structures are studied using topology.

Topology
 study of properties of shapes that stay the

same after continuous deformations.
 Cowlicks persists even after stretching ,
bending , twisting

 organize patterns and regularities as
well as irregularities
Pythagoras proclaimed that nature
was numbers
•GAIN
•HONOR
•WISDOM
570 -495 B.C.

 to be able to predict
(Source: http://www.buyautoinsurance.com/calculator/)
 help us forecast weather condition

 help us control epidemics

 provide tools for calculations
 provide new questions to think about

 provide new questions to think about
Is it possible to design a walking tour of Konigsberg

(Kaliningrad, Russia at present) in which you cross
each of the seven bridges exactly once?

Development of Graph Theory
No! Leonhard Euler (1736) discovered that you cannot

find a path that crosses each bridge exactly once and
return to its initial position.

The Fibonacci Numbers
Think of this!
At the beginning of a month, you are given a pair
of newborn rabbits. After a month the rabbits have
produced no offspring; however, every month thereafter,
the pair of rabbits produces another pair of rabbits. The
offspring reproduce in exactly the same manner. If none
of the rabbits dies, how many pairs of rabbits will there
be at the start of each succeeding month?
At the start of 4th month, how many pairs of
rabbits will there be?
How about at the start of the 5th and 6th
months?
Solution

Fibonacci Numbers
 Fibonacci discovered that the number of

pairs of rabbits for any month after the
first two months can be determined by
adding the numbers of pairs of rabbits in
each of the two previous months. For
instance, the number of pairs of rabbits at
the start of the sixth month is 3 + 5 = 8.

The Fibonacci Sequence
{Fn}= {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …}
 F1  F2 1
Fn  Fn 1  Fn 2 , n  3

The Binet’s Formula
The following formula is known as Binet’s formula for the

nth Fibonacci number.
1 1 5  1 5  
 n n
Fn      
5  2   2  
 

The Binet’s Formula
Use Binet’s formula and a calculator to find
the 20thand 50th Fibonacci number.
1 1 5  1 5  
 n n
Fn      
5  2   2  
 

Solution
1 1 5  1 5  
 n n
Fn      
5  2   2  
 

1 1 5 
20
1 5  
20
F20      
5  2   2  
  

F20  6765

1 1 5 
50
1 5  
50
F50      
5  2   2  
  

F50  12586269020

Fibonacci in Sunflowers
The seeds on a sunflower are

arranged in spirals that curve both
clockwise and counterclockwise from the
center of the sunflower’s head to its outer
edge. In many sunflowers, the number of
clockwise spirals and the number of
counterclockwise spirals are consecutive
Fibonacci numbers.

Fibonacci in Sunflowers
Most sunflowers have 34 number of
clockwise spirals and 55 clockwise spirals.
{Fn}= {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …}

Fibonacci in Pineapples
Pineapples have spirals formed by their
hexagonal nubs. The nubs on many pineapples
form 8 spirals that rotate diagonally upward to
the left and 13 spirals that rotate diagonally
upward to the right. The numbers 8 and 13 are
consecutive Fibonacci numbers.

Fibonacci in Plants

Fibonacci in Fruits
Inside the fruit of many plants we can observe

the presence of Fibonacci order.

Fibonacci in Animals
The shell of the chambered

Nautilus has Golden proportions. It
is a logarithmic spiral.
The eyes, fins and tail of the

dolphin fall at golden
sections along the body.
A starfish has 5
arms.

Fibonacci in Human
Human Bone

The Golden Ratio

The Golden Ratio

The Golden Ratio
Are you beautiful?

Measure the length and width of
your face and then divide the length
by the width?

The Golden Ratio
Are you handsome like a

Greek god?
Measure the shoulder circumference s
and waist size w and divide s by w.
If not, what should be your ideal waist
size?

What is Mathematics about?
 numbers, symbols, notations

Ex. Algebra generalizes concept such as
x + y = y + x not just 2 + 3 = 3 + 2
 operations , equations and functions
 processes and “thingification” of
processes that are abstractions
 proof – a story rather than a sequence
of statements or consists of coherent
sentences

How is Mathematics done?
 with curiosity
 with a penchant of seeking patterns and
generalities
McDonald Math
Problem

How is Mathematics done?
 with a desire to know the truth

 with trial and error

Who uses Mathematics?
 pure and applied mathematicians
 natural and social scientists
Practically everyone

Suggested Activity for Students
 Explore patterns in nature and

present them as photo album, photo
exhibit, portfolio, etc. with written
reports.
 Video- presentation

Homework 2
Continue reading Chapters 5-8 of Ian

Stewart’s Nature’s Numbers
•Make a 10-slide PowerPoint presentation

in pairs.
•Submit 2 weeks from now.

Suggested Activity for Students
Write an essay on one of the topics

below.
1.What new ideas about mathematics did
you learn?
2.What is it about that have changed your
thoughts about it?
3.What is it most useful about mathematics
for humankind?

References
 Essential Mathematics for the Modern

World by Nocon and Nocon
 Nature’s Numbers by Ian Stewart
 Video clip: https://vimeo.com/9953368
 Mathematical Excursions by R. Aufmann, et
al.

C1 Mathematics in Our World

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Mathematics in our World

Mathematics in the Modern World

At the end of the chapter, the student is

Mathematics in the Modern World

Read Chapters 1-4 of Ian Stewart’s

Link to the pdf file

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

NASA used P101

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematically speaking, this can be translated

1) The distance between you and each of those

The GPS receiver figures both of these things

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

Honeycomb Snake Skin

Wave patterns in water and on land

Mathematics in the Modern World

of fractals, described how he has been

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

FLOWERS NUMBER OF PETALS

Mathematics in the Modern World

Calla Lily Cosmos

Why do the cells of a honeycomb have a

Mathematics in the Modern World

All the sunflowers in the world show a number

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

 Human mind and culture have developed a formal

Mathematics in the Modern World

Please watch this!

Mathematics in the Modern World

 we see hints or clues of it in nature

The Star of David is found

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

 study of properties of shapes that stay the

Mathematics in the Modern World

570 -495 B.C.

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

 provide new questions to think about

Mathematics in the Modern World

Is it possible to design a walking tour of Konigsberg

Mathematics in the Modern World

No! Leonhard Euler (1736) discovered that you cannot

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

 Fibonacci discovered that the number of

Mathematics in the Modern World

{Fn}= {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …}

Mathematics in the Modern World

The following formula is known as Binet’s formula for the

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics in the Modern World

The seeds on a sunflower are

Mathematics in the Modern World

{Fn}= {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …}

Mathematics in the Modern World