Design and Optimization of an X-Band

Sequentially Rotated Array Antenna using Both

Sided MIC Technology for Circular Polarization.
Presented by
Student ID Student ID
1802124 1802169

Supervised by
Dr. Muhammad Asad Rahman
Professor
Dept. of EEE, CUET

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology
 Presentation outline

• Background

• Objectives

• Methodology

• Result Analysis

• Conclusion
2
 Microstrip Antenna
Features:
• Inexpensive
• Flexibility
• Low profile
• Easy fabrication

Applications:
• Satellite Communications
• Radar Systems
• Mobile Phones

Fig. 1. Microstrip Antenna.

3
 Microstrip Array Antenna
• A group of multiple antennas
• Arranged in a specific configuration
• Single port Excitation

Features:
• Mitigate fading effect
• Enhanced gain
• Control of direction
• Nullifying interference
Fig. 2. Microstrip Array Antenna.

4
 Circular Polarization
The electric field vector of the wave rotates in a circular motion.
Conditions:
The field must have two orthogonal linear components, which
- have same magnitude
- a time-phase difference of odd multiples of 90◦

Fig. 3. Waveform Structure Required for achievement of

Circular Polarization

5
 Techniques of Circular Polarization

Corner Perturbation Thin Slot on Patch

Dual orthogonal feed Array

Fig. 4. Techniques for achieving Circular Polarization in Patch antenna.

6
 Sequential Rotation Technique
Conditions:
 Rotation angle = 360°/N
[N is the number of elements of
array]
 Increment of quarter wavelength
sequentially
 Phase difference of 90° between
successive patch elements
Fig. 5. Sequential Rotation Technique of achieving
Features: Circular Polarization.

 Improvement of wideband axial ratio

of CP
 Achievement of CP from LP patch
7
 Both Sided MIC Technology
Impedance Transformer Microstrip to Slot Branch Slot to Microstrip Branch

Transformer

• Parallel Coupling • Series Coupling

• Zo = √(Z1×Z2)
• Z2 = Z3 = 2×Z1 • Z2 = Z3 = Z1/2
• Quarter Wavelength
• Same Phase • 180° out of phase

8
 Research Gap

Limitations of previous research

Moderate Axial Ratio
Complex Feed Network
Bandwidth

Proposed work

Improvement of Axial
Compact Feed Network
Ratio Bandwidth

9
 Objectives
To design a 2×2 sequentially rotated array antenna
using both sided MIC technology.

To optimize the design for better antenna parameters and

wideband circular polarization

10
 Feed Network of 2×2 Array Antenna
Parameter Description Value

L1 Feed Line to Patch 1 9.5 mm

L2 Feed Line to Patch 2 15.8 mm
L3 Feed Line to Patch 3 31.1 mm
L4 Feed Line to Patch 4 37 mm
LM Microstrip Line Length( Port 1 to Slot) 38.5 mm
Quarter Wavelength of Microstrip Line 5.5 mm

Quarter Wavelength of Slot Line 5.1 mm

D Distance between Microstrip-Slot 16.3 mm

branch to Slot-Microstrip branch

P1, P2, P3 ,P4, P5 Port 50 Ω

Table.1. Parameters of Feed Network.

Fig. 6. Layout of Feed Network.

11
 S-Parameters of Feed Network

Fig. 7. Reflection Co-efficient vs Frequency of Feed Fig. 8. Phase vs Frequency of Feed Network.
Network.
At 10.28 GHz, equal magnitude of power & equal (90°) phase difference is
found.

12
Layout of Proposed 2×2 Array Antenna

Fig. 9. (a) Layout (b) Cross- Section of 2×2 Array Antenna.

13
S-Parameters of Proposed Array Antenna

Fig. 10. Reflection Co-efficient vs Frequency Fig. 11. Phase vs Frequency of Array
of Array Antenna. Antenna.

 Impedance Bandwidth 1.024 GHz (9.75%)

 Lowest Return Loss -35 dB at 10.50 GHz
 Return Loss -20 dB at 10 GHz
14
Gain and Efficiency of Proposed Array Antenna

Fig. 13. Efficiency vs Frequency of

Fig. 12. Gain vs Frequency of Array
Array Antenna.
Antenna.

 Peak Gain 11.3 dBic at 10 GHz

 Not a flat Gain
 Highest 85% Efficient at 10 GHz

15
Axial Ratio of Proposed Array Antenna
Frequency (GHz) Axial Ratio (dB) Frequency (GHz) Axial Ratio (dB)
9.80 3.71 10.06 0.46
9.82 3.07 10.08 0.59
9.84 2.50 10.10 0.71
9.86 2.00 10.12 0.83
9.88 1.56 10.14 0.96
9.90 1.20 10.16 1.13
9.92 0.91 10.18 1.32
9.94 0.66 10.20 1.55
9.96 0.44 10.22 1.82
9.98 0.26 10.24 2.13
10.00 0.14 10.26 2.45
10.02 0.20 10.28 2.80
10.04 0.33 10.30 3.16
10.06 0.46 10.38 4.68

Table.2. Axial Ratio of Proposed Array Antenna

16
 Axial Ratio of Proposed Array Antenna
 Minimum AR 0.142 dB at 10 GHz

 3 dB AR Bandwidth 460 MHz

 4.60% about center frequency

 1 dB AR Bandwidth 220 MHz

Fig. 14. Axial Ratio vs Frequency of Array Antenna.

17
 Radiation Pattern of Proposed Antenna
At 10 GHz

 Proposed array is Right Hand

Circular Polarized

 Difference between Co-

Polarization and Cross-
Polarization level is 40 dB

 Side lobe power less than 15 dB

Fig. 15. LHCP, RHCP vs Theta of Array Antenna.

18
 Comparative Analysis
Antenna Year Frequency Array Size Feed Structure Impedance AR Min AR
(GHz) (below - (below (dB)
10dB) 3dB)

[1] 1986 2.27 4×4 Microstrip lines 3% 7% 0.2

[2] 2014 10 1×2 Microstrip-Slot lines 4.23% 0.8% 1.29

[3] 2006 2.45 2×2 Microstrip lines 73 MHz 20 MHz 1.4

[4] 2014 10 2×2 Microstrip-Slot lines 5.06% 1.4% 0.164

[5] 2014 10 2×2 Microstrip-Slot lines 7.23% 2.21% 0.344

[6] 2023 10 2×2 (dual fed) Microstrip-Slot lines 4.22% 8% 0.7

This Study 2024 10 2×2 Microstrip-Slot lines 9.5% 4.6% 0.14

19
 Conclusion
• A wideband CP array antenna with compact feed network is proposed.
• At the resonant frequency, a strong radiation pattern is indicated by
the 40 dB difference between the co and cross polarization
components.
• Impedance bandwidth of almost 1 GHz (9.5%) is achieved through the
impedance matching techniques.
• More than 11 dBic gain which is noteworthy for single fed array.
• A wideband Circular Polarization is achieved. 3dB axial ratio of 460
MHz (4.60%) indicates AR bandwidth improvement using single fed
2×2 array.
20
 References
[1] Huang, J.: A technique for an array to generate circular polarization with linearly
polarized elements. IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag., 34 (9) (1986), 1113–1124.

[2] Rahman, M.A.; Hossain, Q.D.; Hossain, M.A.; Chowdhury, P.:Design of a circular polarization
array antenna with dual-orthogonalfeed circuit, in 3rd Int. Conf. on Informatics, Electronics &
Vision(ICIEV2014), Dhaka, 2014.

Jazi, M.N.; Azarmanesh, M.N.: Design and implementation of circularly polarised microstrip
[3] antenna array using a new serial feed sequentially rotated technique. IEE Proc.-Microw.
Antennas Propag., 153 (2) (2006), 133–140.

M. A. Rahman, Q. D. Hossain, M. A. Hossain, E. Nishiyama, and I. Toyoda,“Design and parametric

[4] analysis of a planar array antenna for circular polarization,” Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol., pp.
1–9, Mar. 2015. DOI:10.1017/S1759078715000264.

M. A. Rahman, Q. D. Hossain, M. A. Hossain, E. Nishiyama and I. Toyoda, "Design of an x-band

[5] microstrip array antenna for circular polarization," 8th International Conference on Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014, pp. 184-187, doi:
10.1109/ICECE.2014.7026891.

Chowdhury, Piyas & Chakma, Nishako & Murshed, Abu & Hossain, Md. Azad & Hossain, Quazi
[6] Delwar. (2023). An improved 2×2 array antenna using both-sided microwave integrated circuit
technology for circular polarization. International Journal of Electrical and Computer
Engineering. 13. 619-628. 10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp619-628

21
Thank You

22
 Any
Questions?

23