Prsonal Protective Equipments

BY:- P. K. DUGGAL
CONSULTANT ( SAFETY & FIRE )
E
MAIL-PRAVEENDUGGAL_47@REDIFFMAIL.CO
M

PKD
 Objectives
2

What is PPE?

• PPE are equipments, designed to prevent or reduce

the severity of injury if an accident occurs.

• It reduces the risk but does not eliminate the

hazard.

PKD
 Mandatory Requirement
3

The Factories Act, 1948 and the rules made there

under provide the obligation on the part of
employers for making available suitable type of
personal protective equipment to the workers who
are exposed to unsafe and unhealthy work
environment

PKD
 Classification of PPE’s
4

PPEs is further classified as:

• Respiratory Personal Protective Equipment
• Non-respiratory Personal Protective Equipment

PKD
 Respiratory PPE”s

Breathing Appratus Sets

On-line breathing set
Cnnister masks

PKD
 Non Respratory Type PPE’s
6

1. Safety Helmets
2. Ear & Eye Protectors
3. Safety Hand Gloves.
4. Safety Clothing,
5. Safety Shoes

PKD
 Hazard Control Stratergies
7

Personal protective equipment should be the last resort in

defense.
Better alternatives lie in engineering controls that
eliminate as much of the risk as possible. Engineering
controls are :
• Substitution
• Alternative work methods
• Isolation

PKD
 Substitution

This control substitutes a less toxic chemical that can

do the same job. A common example is the
substitution of calcium silicate or fiberglass
insulation for asbestos insulation. Substitution is an
effective control as long as the substitute is less
hazardous.

PKD
 Alternative Work Methods
9

For example, brushing or rolling paint produces

much lower vapour levels than spray painting.
Similarly, wet removal of asbestos releases up to 100
times less dust than dry removal. The change
should be checked to ensure that it is safer.
Isolation
Isolation isolates the worker from the hazard. In a
quarry, for example, the operator of a crusher can
be isolated from dust by a filtered, air-conditioned
cab.
PKD
 Alternate Measures
10

PKD
 Non Respiratory PPE”s
11

Safety Helmets
Safety helmets is one of the most important PPE
widely used by the workers for protection against the
head injuries, which may be caused by
falling/striking objects in construction industries

PKD
 Contd.
12

Why
• A blow to the head is the most common cause of all head injuries
in the work place.
• Sharp, heavy objects can penetrate and break open the skull
causing deep cuts, fractures
• Helmets act as a barriers against such hazards and it can also
protect the head from flame, preventing burn injuries.
How
• The hard shell of the safety helmet is designed to protect the head
against impact (as per IS 2925)
• Helmets are tested for shock absorption test where force
transmitted from the head form to the base shall not be higher
than 510kgf.
PKD
 Eye Protection
13

• Eyes are our windows to the world and the best

means of direct and instant communication that the
body has with, environment.
• Hence, it is very much, important to protect this
vital part of our body by all means.
• Wearing right type of eye protection on the job is the
key to the prevention of eye injury at work.
• Selection of proper eye protector according to the
type of hazard is very much important.

PKD
 Eye Protection
14

How :-

Grinding, chipping and cutting operations are involved,

there is a great,risk of flying particles and leading to eye injury.
• Industrial Safety spectacles with side shields are used for eye
protection.
• Box cup goggles also provide protection against these hazards.
• Chemical splash goggles are used while handling chemicals.
• Eye protectors are tested as per IS 5980/IS 7524 (toughness of
glass @temp-5c &55c for 1hr)
Legal Requirements according to the BOCWC Rules, 1998
S45: PPE-Eye Protection

PKD
 Contd.
15

The cornea is the front layer of the eye and the

first point at which light enters the eye; if light
rays cannot pass through the cornea, vision is
prevented. Injuries to the cornea that cause
scarring, scratching, or inflammation can impair
sight.
1. Flying Objects : A piece of metal can pierce the cornea and
eyeball and possibly cause the loss of an eye.
2. Dust : Dust, sawdust, etc. can cause irritation resulting in a
corneal ulcer which is a breakdown of corneal tissue
causing a red, watery, or pussy eye.
3. Heat : Heat can burn and severely damage the cornea.
PKD
 Contd.
16

4. Acid Splash : Acid splash and chemicals can

burn the cornea, conjunctiva (white coat on the
eye), and eyelid and possibly cause loss of sight.
5. Abrasive : Sand can cause a corneal abrasion
which can result in loss of sight.
6. Glare : Glare can make it difficult to see and
can cause extreme fatigue to the eye.
7. Radiation : Ultraviolet light from a welding arc
can damage the cornea.

PKD
 Non Respiratory PPE”s
17

Safety Glasses: Protective eyeglasses are made with safety frames,

tempered glass or plastic lenses, temples and side shields which provide eye
protection from moderate impact and particles encountered in job tasks
such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, scaling, etc.
Safety Goggles: Vinyl framed goggles of soft pliable body design
provides adequate eyes protection from many hazards. These goggles are
available with clear or tinted lenses, perforated, port vented, or non-vented
frames.
Face Shields: Face shields normally consist of an adjustable head gear
and face shield of either tinted or transparent acetate or polycarbonate
materials, or wire screen. Face shields are available in various sizes, tensile
strength, impact/heat resistance and light ray filtering capacity.

PKD
 Types of Goggles
18

PKD
 PersonalProtective Equipments ( Eyes )
19

PKD
 Contd.
20

PKD
 Care While using Eye Protection

21

Eye protectors in construction are subjected to many damage-causing hazards.

Therefore, care is very important.

 1. Lenses should be inspected regularly for pitting and scratches that can
impair visibility.
 2. Scratched or pitted lenses and loose frames or temples should be replaced
or repaired as soon as possible
 3. Lenses should be cleaned with clear water to remove abrasive dust—
cleaning dry lenses can scratch the surface.
 4. Anti-fog solutions can be used on glass or plastic lenses.

 5. Frames should be handled with care and checked daily for cracks and
scratches.
 6. Eye protectors should never be thrown into tool boxes where they can
become scratched or damaged.

PKD
 Noise
22

PKD
 Recommended Noise Level
23

NOISE LEVEL (DBA)

 EQUIPMENT AT OPERATOR’S POSITION
 Cranes 78 – 103
 Backhoes 85 – 104
 Loaders 77 – 106
 Dozers 86 – 106
 Scrapers 97 – 112
 Trenchers 95 – 199
 Pile drivers 119 – 125

PKD
 Contd.
24

 Compactors 90 – 112
 Explosive-actuated tools 120 – 140
 Grinders 106 – 110
 Chainsaws 100 – 115
 Concrete saw 97 – 103
 Sand blasting nozzle 111 – 117
 Jackhammers 100 – 115
 Compressors 85 – 104

PKD
 PPE”s (Noise)
25

 Hearing protective devices (HPD) are barriers that reduce

the amount of noise reaching the sensitive inner ear.

 Commonly used hearing protection devices are either

earplugs or earmuffs.

 Earplugs attenuate noise by plugging the ear canal

 The muff-type protector is designed to cover the external

part of the ear providing an “acoustical seal”

PKD
 Usages of PPE”S
26

Workers who wear HPDs should be trained to fit, use,

and
maintain the protectors properly.Workers should
understand
 That there is risk of hearing loss if HPDs are not
worn in noisy environments (eight-hour exposure of
85 dBA)
 That wearing HPDs is required in all situations where
noise exposure may damage hearing
 That proper fit is essential to achieve maximum
protection.

PKD
 Hand / skin Protections
27

Normally hands and skins are susceptible to physical,

chemical, radiation hazard in construction industry
-Physical hazards sharp or jagged edges on material and
tools; heat , vibration from jackhammers, grinders, riveter
etc., leading to lacerations, amputations with punctured flesh
and bone leading to serious infection.
-Leather gloves are preferred protection
- Chemical hazards arise from use of chemical in the
constructions site includes :paints, resins, de-greasers,
solvents etc.,
-Check the MSDS for the product being used to identify the
gloves needed (PVC Coated Fabric..)
PKD
 Contd.
28

Ultraviolet radiation
• Construction workers are particularly at risk because they
often work outdoors (exposed to sun’s ultraviolet radiation
• Long term health risks of UV exposure include skin cancer
• Individual risk factor for developing skin cancer include:
Fair skin that burns easily, Blistering sunburns in childhood
and adolescence
Family history, Many freckles and moles
Gloves are tested for chrome content, tongue tear test,
resistance to chemical as per IS 2573, 6994, 4770

PKD
 Respiratory Protections
29

In the course of work, construction personnel are often exposed

to respiratory hazards in the form of dangerous dusts, gases,
fumes, mists, and vapours
Gases — consist of individual molecules of substances, and at
room temperature and pressure, they are always in the gaseous
state. Common toxic gases found in construction are carbon
monoxide from engine exhaust and hydrogen sulphide produced
by decaying matter found in sewers and other places.
Vapours — are similar to gases except that they are formed by
the evaporation of liquids (e.g., water vapour). Common vapours
found in construction are produced by solvents such as xylene,
toluene, and mineral spirits used in paints, coatings, and
degreasers.

PKD
 Contd.
30

Fumes — are quite different from gases or vapours,

although the terms are often used interchangeably.
Technically, fumes consist of small particles formed
by the condensation of materials which have been
subjected to high temperatures.Welding fume is the
most common type of fume in construction. Other
examples include pitch fume from coal tar used in
built-up roofing and fume from diesel engines.
Mists — are small droplets of liquid suspended in air.
The spraying of paint, form oils, and other materials
generates mists of varying composition.
PKD
 31

Dusts — are particles which are usually many

times larger than fume particles. Dusts are
generated by crushing, grinding, sanding, or
cutting and by work such as demolition. Two kinds
of hazardous dust common in construction are
fibrous dust from insulation materials (such as
asbestos, mineral wool, and glass fiber) and non-
fibrous silica dust from sandblasting, concrete
cutting, or rock drilling.

PKD
 Respiratory Protector Selection

32

In order to select the proper respirator for a particular job, it is necessary to know and
understand
• the characteristics of the contaminant(s)
• the anticipated exposure conditions
• the performance limitations of the equipment
• any legislation that applies.
It is also important to realize that facial hair and deep facial scars can interfere with the
seal between respirator and face. Respirators should only be selected by someone who
understands all of these factors.

PKD
 Contd.
33

Before using or handling a controlled product,

consult the material safety data sheet (MSDS). The
MSDS will identify the type of respiratory
protection required.

Legal Requirements according to the BOCWC

Rules, 1998, Sec 40 Dangerous and Harmful
Environment- adequate and suitable measures to
avoid exposure to health hazard
PKD
 Non Respiratory PPE”s
34

Safety Shoes
• Foot Protection have to be provided to the workers employed in
construction jobs - where there may be risk of feet injury - be in
handling of heavy materials, exposure to caustic and corrosive liquid,
oil and grease, molten metals etc.,
• Common foot and leg protective equipment are safety shoes and
boots, leggings, foot guards and leg guards.
• There are various types of safety shoes such as Ankle Shoe, Derby
Shoe, Safety Knee Boots and Safety Gum boots.
• The main feature of safety shoe is carbon steel toe-cap-of-thickness 1.8
mm which can withstand an impact of 14 kg & leather conforms to IS :
5677-1992 and the mass of complete pair of safety shore should not
exceed 1200gms and sole shall be tested for oil/chemical resistance.

PKD
 Tyes of Breathing Appratus Sets
35

On line B A Set

Self contained B A set
Cannister Masks

PKD
 B A Set
36

PKD
 37

Thanks

for

Patience

Listening

PKD