Industrial Hazards

A Presentation by
P.K Duggal

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Introduction
 INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS

 HAZARD

It means anything with potential for producing an

accident.
It is a term associated with a substance that is likelihood to
cause an injury in a given environment or situation.

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INDUSTRIAL HAZARD

 Industrial hazard may be defined as any

condition produced by industries that may
cause injury or death to personnel or loss of
product or property.
 Industrial hazards are threats to people and
life-support systems that arise from the
mass production of goods and services.

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Contd.
 Toxic and corrosive chemicals, fire,
explosions and personnel falling into
accidents are the major health and safety
hazards encountered in the operations of
chemical and pharmaceutical related
industries.

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ROUTES OF INDUSTRIAL
HAZARDS ENTRY INTO THE BODY
 There are three main routes by which
hazardous chemicals entered the body:
 Absorption through the respiratory tract
through inhalation.
 Absorption or injection through the skin or
eyes.
 Absorption through the digestive tract.

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HAZARD CATEGORIES

Ø Chemical Hazards
Ø Gas Hazards
Ø Dust Explosion
Ø Fire and Explosion Hazards
Ø Biological Hazards

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS
 Some chemicals have the potential to cause
fires and explosions and other serious
accidents.
 Chemical exposure may cause or
contribute to many serious health effects
such as heart diseases, central nervous
system damage, kidney and lung damage,
sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes.
 Chemicals may be found in solid, liquid,
aerosol, or gas and vapor form.
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CHEMICAL HAZARDS
 The degree of danger varies according to
the form of the chemical and the factors
like,
ü Its physical properties , Its toxicity
ü The way it is used
ü The environment in which it is
encountered.
Routes of entry - Inhalation, Ingestion, skin
absorption.
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BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
 Include medical waste or samples of a
microorganism, virus or toxin that can impact
human health.
 Biological hazards cause a lot number of diseases
like,
 Byssinosis: It usually found in textile industries
workers due to inhalation of the cotton fibre, dust
over long period of time. Symptoms - Cough
breathlessness, slight fever and bronchitis.

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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

 It is prepared by the chemical manufacturer

or importer and describes:
ü Physical hazards, such as fire and explosion.
ü Health hazards, such as signs of exposure.
ü Routes of exposure.
ü Precautions for safe handling and use.
ü Emergency and first-aid procedures.
ü Control measures.

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Contd.
 It must be in English and include information regarding
the specific chemical identity and common names.
 It must provide information about the:
 ü Physical and chemical characteristics
 ü Health effects , Exposure limits , Carcinogenicity
(cancer-causing)
 .

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Contd.
 a record of the contact Identification (name,
address, and telephone number) of the
organization responsible for preparing the sheet
 It must be readily accessible to employees in their
work area.
 If no MSDS has been received for a hazardous
chemical, employer must contact the supplier,
manufacturer, or importer to obtain one and
maintain

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What is an Accident?
 AN ACCIDENT IS DEFINED AS AN UNPLANNED &
UNEXPECTED EVENT WHICH CAUSES OR
LIKELY TO CAUSE A BODILY INJURY TO SELF,
FELLOW WORKERS, PROPERTY & DAMAGE TO
THE ENVIRONMENT.
ACCIDENT SEQUENCE (DEMONS THEORY)
 INJURY.
  ACCIDENT.
  UA/UC
  FAULT OF PERSONS
  KNOWLEDGE OR SKILL
 INJURY -–ACCIDENT -–UA/UC---FAULT---KNOWLEDGE

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WHY DO WE NEED SAFETY
 1. TO AVOID ILL EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
 HUMANITARIAN GROUNDS, ECONOMICS
 SOCIAL,& STATUTORY OBLIGATIONS).
 2. TO REMOVE HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AT
 SITE
 3 TO PROVIDE HEALTHY WORKING
 CONDITIONS.
 4. TO REDUCE & MINIMIZE THE ACCIDENT
 RATE .
 5. INCREASED PRODUCTION /PRODUCTIVITY.

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OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

 TO PROMOTE SAFETY AWARENESS AMONGST

EMPLOYEES BY DEVELOPING VARIOUS
DOCUMENTATION SYSTEMS THEIR
IMPLEMENTATIONS IN DAY TO DAY WORKING &
THUS REDUCING THE CHANCE OF ACCIDENTS
AT WORK PLACE.

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MAJOR HAZARDS AT WORK PLACE.

PHYSICAL

SLIP, FALLS
LIFTING AND HANDLING HAZARDS
OPERATION HAZARDS
DISMANTLING
MAINTENANCE,
REPETITIVEMOTION
COMMISSIONING
FIRE & EXPLOSION
VEHICLES
INHALATION OF GASES
EYE DAMAGING HAZARDS
SKIN CONTACT OF CHEMICALS
ELECTRIC SHOCKS

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.BIOLOGICAL
VIRUS,
BACTERIA,
FUNGI, ETC.

ERGONOMIC

LIFITING POSTURES
REPETATIVE MOTION
MONOTONY OF JOB
FATIGUE.

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 FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH ACCIDENTS

- UNSAFE CONDITIONS
- UNSAFE ACTS

METHODS OF PREVENTING ACCIDENTS

ELIMINATING UNSAFE CONDITIONS BY
MEANS OF
 SAFE GUARDING OF M/C, EQUIP. WORK SPACES
 RECTIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE CONDITIONS
 SUITABLE, SAFE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION.
 ADEQUATE & SUITABLE ILLUMINATION &
VENTILATION.
 SAFE DRESS & USAGE OF PPE’S.

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SAfety
ELIMINATING UNSAFE ACT BY MEANS
OF

 PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT.
  SAFETY EDUCATION & TRAINING.
  PROPER SUPERVISION.
  DISCIPLINE & ENFORCEMENT
  CREATING SUSTAINING ENTHUSIASM.

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BASIC PRINCIPALS & PHILOSOPHY OF
SAFETY
Safety
1.ENGINEERING:-
SAFETY ASPECTS ARE TAKEN IN TO ACCOUNT
WHILE ENGINEERING ANY PROJECTS, SO THAT
INBUILT SAFETY MEASURES IS AVAILABLE FOR
CONSTRUCTION /ERECTION PEOPLE.

2.EDUCATION:-
EDUCATING THE WORK FORCE IN INDUSTRY THROU
NEED BASED SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMMES ETC.

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3.ENFORCEMENT:-
 IMPLEMENTING SAFETY MEASURES
BY WAY OF RULES & REGULATION
IN INDUSTRY.UNDER THE
PROVISIONS OFSTATUTORY
OBLGATIONS

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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
ACCIDENTS.

1. FALL OF PERSONS FROM HEIGHT .

 2. FALL OF OBJECTS.

 3. STEPPING ON, STRIKING, AGAINST HIT BY

MOVING OBJECTS.

 4. CAUGHT IN BETWEEN THE OBJECTS.

 5. OVER EXERTION OR WRONG

MOVEMENT.
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.
6. EXPOSURE TO OR CONTACT WITH EXTREME
HIGH TEMPERATURES.

7. EXPOSURE TO OR CONTACT WITH LIVE

ELECTRICAL CABLES /CURRENT.

8. EXPOSURE TO OR CONTACT WITH HARMFUL

SUBSTANCES INCLUDING RADIATION’S.

9. EXPLOSIONS (GAS VAPOUR).

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TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
 MINOR
 REPORTABLE
 MAJOR
SYSTEMS NEED TO BE IMPLEMENTED.

  POTENTIAL HAZARD IDENTIFICATION.

  DAILY SITE VISITS & SPOT REMEDIAL
ACTION.
  FORTNIGHTLY SURVEY.
  MONTHLY REVIEW BY HEAD OF PLANT.
  DAILY MORNING MEETINGS.
  ISO CERTIFICATION IN 14001,18001 & 9000.
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EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION FORUM.

 SAFETY COMMITTEE.

 SAFETY STEWARD COMMITTEE .

 SAFETY CIRCLE SCHEME

 SAFETY SUGGESTION SCHEME.

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.
SAFETY PROMOTION SCHEME.

 DISPLAY BOARDS WITH SAFETY MESSAGES

& SLOGANS .

 SAFETY BULLETIN & FIRE LEAFLETS.

 SAFETY FILM SCREENING ON HAZARD

AWARENESS.

 NATIONAL SAFETY DAY OBSERVANCE.

 NATIONAL FIRE DAY OBSERVANCE.

 SAFETY MONTH OBSERVANCE.

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COMPLIANCE OF STATUTORY NORMS.

  REGULAR MOCK DRILLS .

  INSPECTION& TESTING OF HEAVY
CRANES.
  INSPECTION OF LIFTING
 TOOLS/TACKLES/PRESSURE VESSELS.
  SAFETY & FIRE AUDITS.
  ROUTINE FIRE INSPECTION & UP KEEP OF
 FIRE STATION.
  SAFETY & FIRE INSPECTIONS BY
CONSULTANT.
 THIRD PARTY SAFETY AUDITS.

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TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME ON SAFETY &
OCCUPATION HEALTH OF
INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES.
 NEED BASED TRAINING PROGRAMMES ARE
ARRANGED FOR VARIOUS LEVELS OF
EMPLOYEES RELATED TO THEIR JOB
REQUIREMENTS ROUND THE YEAR.

 AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON “ONSITE

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN.”

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 SAFETY POLICY
EFFORTS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS

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EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBILITIES.

REPORT HAZARDS.
  OBSERVE SAFETY RULES.
  USE SAFETY TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS, SAFETY
 EQUIPMENTS & PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.
  PARTICIPATE IN SAFETY TRAINING.
 MAKE USE OF SAFETY SUGGESTION
SCHEME.

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EMPLOYER’S RESPONSIBILITIES

  ENSURE SAFE EQUIPMENTS/SYSTEMS .

  PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR SAFE
 OPERATION OF EQUIPMENTS ,USE OF
 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES.
  IDENTIFY ALL HAZARDS.
  PREPARE & CHECK DISASTER PLAN .
  INVOLVE WORKERS IN ENSURING SAFETY .
  PROVIDE TRAINING.

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GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITIES.
PREPARE STATUTORY PROVISION
ENFORCEMENT THEREOF.
  PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR HAZARDOUS
 SUBSTANCES.
  PROMOTE & UNDER TAKE SAFETY
 STUDIES/ RESEARCH.
  ORGANIZE DISASTER CONTROL
 MEASURES-CHECK ITEM EFFICACY.
 PROMOTE / FACILITATE PARTICIPATION
OF EMPLOYERS / EMPLOYEES.

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 INJURIES PREVENTED
1
IS

BENEFICATION

INJURIES COMPENSATED

IS

AN

APOLOGY.
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 REMEMBER
1 IT TAKES A MINUTE
TO WRITE A SAFETY RULE
IT TAKES AN HOUR
TO HOLD A SAFETY MEET.
IT TAKES A DAY
TO HAVE A SAFETY ROUND
IT TAKES A WEEK
TO PLAN A SAFETY PROGRAMME
IT TAKES A MONTH
TO PUT IT INTO ACTION
IT TAKE A LIFE TIME
TO MAKE A SAFE WORKER
IT TAKES A SECOND
TO DESTROY ALL THIS
BY AN ACCIDENT
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1

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SAFETY MANAGEMENT

What is a Safety Management:-

 Compressive set of Processes
 Systems
 Procedures in place
 Attitudes inculcated to carry out Task
Safely

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Safety Management Deals with:-

 Identification of Safety Problems Areas

 Defining Targets & Goals for Safety

Performance

 To Provide Means & Methods to achieve

it
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 Why Safety Management Plays Important
Role:-

 Fosters Excellence Through a Process of

Continuous Improvement.

 Positive & Systematic approach Minimizes

Risk & Incident occurring

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Key Functions Of Safety Management:-

 Policy & Planning

 Goals, Priorities& Programs of Work

 Organizing & Communication

 Responsibility

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Hazard Management Ensures

 Hazards are identified systematically

 Risks Assessed
 Control Measures Determination &
Implementation
 Monitoring & Review of Safety
Performance

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 SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
TECHINIQUES

 OPERATION -POLICY & PLANNING

 WELL - DEFINED OBJECTIVES TARGETS
 MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT
 EDUCATION & TRAINING

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SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 OHSAS-18001,

 ILO-OHS-2001-

 ILO GUIDE LINES OF OHSAS

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THANKS
FOR
PATIENCE
LISTENING
EMAIL praveenduggal_47@rediffmail.com

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