RADIO-FREQUENCY

IDENTIFICATION (RFID)
• Radio-frequency indentification (RFID) uses
electromagnetic field to automatically identify
and track tags attached to objects.
• An RFID system consists of a tiny radio
transponder , a radio receiver and transmitter.
DESIGN
• A radio- frequency identification system uses tags or labels
attached to the object to be identified two-way radio.
• Transmitter-receivers called interrogators or readers send a
signal to the tag and read it’s response

Tags • RFID tags are made out of three pieces a micro

chip ( an integrated circuit which stores as nd
processes information and modulate and
demodulate radio frequency (RF) signal) ,an
antenna for receiving and Transmitting the signal
and a substrate.
 READERS
RFID system can be classified by the type of tag and reader .
There are three types……
A passion Reader Active Tag (PRAT)
System has a passive reader which only receive
radio signal from active tags (battery
operated,transmit only).
The reception range of a PRAT system reader can
beActive
An adjustedReader
from 1-2000 feet tag
Passive (0-600m)
(ARPT)
Systemhas an active reader which
transmits interrogater signal and also
receives authentication replies from
• An Active Reader Active Tag (ARAT)

System use Active Tag ,activated with

aninterrogater signal from Active Reader .
A variation of this system could also use a
battery assisted Passive (BAP) tag which acts
like a Passive tag but has a small battery to
power the tags return reporting signal.
FREQUENCYBand Regulations Range Data speed Remarks
TABLE
LF: 120–150 Unregulated 10 cm (4 in) Low Animal
kHz identification,
factory data
collection
UHF: 433 MHz Short range 1–100 m (3–300 Moderate Defense
devices ft) applications,
with active tags
UHF: 865–868 ISM band 1–12 m (3–40 ft) Moderate to high EAN, various
MHz (Europe) standards; used
902–928 MHz by railroads[20]
(North America)

Microwave: ISM band 1–2 m (3–7 ft) High 802.11 WLAN,

2450–5800 MHz Bluetooth
standards
Microwave: 3.1– Ultra wide band Up to 200 m High Requires semi-
10 GHz (700 ft) active or active
tags
 USES
• An RFID tag can be affixed to an object used to track tools
equipment , inventory,assets, people or other objects.

RFID can be used in a variety of applications

• such asmanagement
Access …
• Tracking of goods
• Tracking of persons and animals
• Toll collection and contactless payment
• Tracking and billing process
 ACCES CONTROL 🛂

• RFID tags are widely used indentification badges

replacing earlier magnetic stripes cards
• These badges need only be held within a certain
distance of the Reader to authenticate the holder
 ADVERTISING
• In 2010 vail resorts began using UHF Passive RFID tags in a
ski passes.
• Automotive brands have adopted RFID for social media
product placement more quickly than other industries.
TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS
• Some countries are using RFID for vehicle registration and
erfercement
• RFID can help detect and retrieve stolen cars
• RFID is used in intelligence transportation system.
• In York City ,RFID reader are deployed at intersections to
track E-Z pass tags as a means for monitoring the traffic
flow.