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3 Integumentary System Powerpoint
3 Integumentary System Powerpoint
3 Integumentary System Powerpoint
Integumentary System
Ma. Estrella L. Goco-Marasigan, MD
Integumentary System 1
Integumentary System 2
Figure 5.1
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Skin
The skin is made up of two major tissue layers: the
epidermis and the dermis.
The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin.
It is a layer of epithelial tissue that rests on the
dermis.
The dermis is a layer of dense connective tissue.
The skin rests on the subcutaneous tissue, which is
a layer of connective tissue.
The subcutaneous tissue is not part of the skin.
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Figure 5.2
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education (b) ©Victor Eroschenko
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Epidermis 1
Epidermis 2
Epidermis 3
Layers of Epidermis
Stratum basale (stratum geminativum)
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
Stratum corneum
Dermis 1
Dermis 2
Cleavage Lines
Figure 5.3
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Dermis 3
Layers of Dermis
Two layers:
Papillary layer
Pain receptors
Capillary loops
Reticular layer
Blood vessels
Glands
Skin Color 1
Skin Color 2
Skin Color 3
Skin Color 4
Skin Color 5
Skin Color 6
Subcutaneous Tissue 1
Subcutaneous Tissue 2
Hair 1
Hair 2
Hair 3
Hair 4
Hair 5
Hair Follicle
Figure 5.5
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Glands 1
Glands 2
Glands 3
Glands 4
Figure 5.6
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Nails 1
Nails 2
Nail
Figure 5.7
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Sensory Receptor
Many sensory receptors are associated with the
skin.
Receptors in the epidermis and dermis can
detect pain, heat, cold, and pressure.
Although hair does not have a nerve supply,
sensory receptors around the hair follicle can
detect the movement of a hair.
Vitamin D Production
1. UV light causes the skin to produce a precursor
molecule of vitamin D.
2. The precursor molecule is carried by the blood
to the liver where it is enzymatically converted.
3. The enzymatically converted molecule is carried
by the blood to the kidneys where it is converted
again to the active form of vitamin D.
4. Vitamin D stimulates the small intestine to
absorb calcium and phosphate for many body
functions.
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Temperature Regulation 1
Temperature Regulation 2
Temperature Regulation 3
Figure 5.8
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Excretion
The integumentary system plays a minor role in
excretion, the removal of waste products from
the body.
In addition to water and salts, sweat contains
small amounts of waste products, such as urea,
uric acid, and ammonia.
Even though the body can lose large amounts of
sweat, the sweat glands do not play a significant
role in the excretion of waste products.
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Diagnostic Aid
The integumentary system is useful in diagnosis
because it is observed easily.
Cyanosis, a bluish color to the skin caused by
decreased blood O2 content, is an indication of
impaired circulatory or respiratory function.
A yellowish skin color, called jaundice, can occur
when the liver is damaged by a disease, such as
viral hepatitis.
Rashes and lesions in the skin can be symptoms of
problems elsewhere in the body.
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Burns 1
First-Degree Burn
A first-degree (superficial) burn involves only
the epidermis and is red and painful.
Slight edema, or swelling, may be present.
They can be caused by sunburn or brief
exposure to very hot or very cold objects, and
they heal without scarring in about a week.
Second-Degree Burn
Second-degree (partial-thickness) burns damage
both the epidermis and the dermis.
If dermal damage is minimal, symptoms include
redness, pain, edema, and blisters.
Healing takes about 2 weeks, and no scarring
results.
If the burn goes deep into the dermis, the
wound appears red, tan, or white; can take
several months to heal and might scar.
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Third-Degree Burn
Third-degree (full-thickness) burns damage the
complete epidermis and dermis.
The region of third-degree burn is usually
painless because sensory receptors in the
epidermis and dermis have been destroyed.
Third-degree burns appear white, tan, brown,
black, or deep cherry red.
Burn Healing
In all second-degree burns, the epidermis,
including the stratum basale where the stem
cells are found, is damaged.
The epidermis regenerates from epithelial tissue
in hair follicles and sweat glands, as well as from
the edges of the wound.
Deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burns
take a long time to heal, and they form scar
tissue with disfiguring and debilitating wound
contractures.
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Treatment of Burns
To prevent complications of deep partial-thickness
and full-thickness burns and to speed healing, skin
grafts are often performed.
In a procedure called a split skin graft, the
epidermis and part of the dermis are removed from
another part of the body and placed over the burn
When it is not possible or practical to move skin
from one part of the body to a burn site, physicians
sometimes use artificial skin or grafts from human
cadavers.
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Burns 2
Figure 5.9
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Skin Cancer
Most common cancer
Mainly caused by UV light exposure
Fair-skinned people more prone
Prevented by limiting sun exposure and using
sunscreens
UVA rays cause tan and is associated with malignant
melanomas
UVB rays cause sunburns
Sunscreens should block UVA and UVB rays
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Figure 5.13
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education (a) ©Dr. P. Marazzi/Science Source RF; (b) ©Dr. P. Marazzi/Science Source; (c) Source: National Cancer Institute
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ACTIVITY
QUESTIONS:
2.Name the two major layers of skin, the location of each, and the tissue of which each is made.
4.Name the cells that produce melanin. What is the stimulus? Describe the function of melanin.
5.Where, on the body, does human hair have important functions? Describe these functions.
10.Explain how the arterioles in the dermis respond to cold or warm external temperatures and to
stress situations. What vitamin is produced in the skin? What is the stimulus for the production of this
vitamin?
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Thank you.