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Gyroscope
Gyroscope
What is a Gyroscope?
Gyroscope Diagram
A gyroscope is defined as
The device has a spinning disc
that is mounted on the base
such that it can move freely in
more than one direction so
that the orientation is
maintained irrespective of the
movement in the base.
Parts of Gyroscope
A gyroscope consists of the following parts:
• Spin axis
• Gimbal
• Rotor
• Gyroscope frame
Design of Gyroscope
A gyroscope can be considered as a massive rotor that is fixed on the
supporting rings known as the gimbals. The central rotor is isolated from the
external torques with the help of frictionless bearings that are present in the
gimbals. The spin axis is defined by the axle of the spinning wheel.
The rotor has exceptional stability at high speeds as it maintains the high-
speed rotation axis at the central rotor. The rotor has three degrees of
rotational freedom.
Gyroscope Working Principle
Accelerometer Gyroscope
It is used for measuring the linear It is used for the measurement of all types
movement and for the detection of tilt of rotation but fails in the identification of
movement
The signal-to-noise ratio is lower The signal-to-noise ratio is higher
This cannot be used for the This can be used for the measurement of
measurement of angular velocity angular velocity
It is used for sensing axis orientation It is used for sensing angular orientation
What is gyroscopic couple?
A gyroscopic couple is defined as the turning moment in which the changes
are opposed by the inclination of the axis of rotation of the gyroscope.
What is the expression for gyroscopic couple?
The expression for gyroscopic couple is given as:
C = I.⍵.⍵p
Where,
C is the gyroscopic couple
I is the moment of inertia
⍵ is the angular velocity
⍵p is the angular velocity of precession
What is gyroscopic torque?
The gyroscopic torque is defined as the torque that is applied to the rotating
body such that there is a change in the axis of rotation of the rotating body.
•In S.I. units, the units of C is N-m when I is in kg-m2.
•The couple I.ω.ωp, in the direction of the vector xx′ (representing the
change in angular momentum) is the active gyroscopic couple, which
has to be applied over the disc when the axis of spin is made to rotate with
angular velocity ωP about the axis of precession. The vector xx′ lies in the
plane XOZ or the horizontal plane. In case of a very small displacement
δθ, the vector xx′ will be perpendicular to the vertical plane XOY.
Therefore the couple causing this change in the angular momentum will
lie in the plane XOY. The vector xx′, represents an anticlockwise couple in
the plane XOY. Therefore, the plane XOY is called the plane of active
gyroscopic couple and the axis OZ perpendicular to the plane XOY, about
which the couple acts, is called the axis of active gyroscopic couple
2.When the axis of spin itself moves with angular velocity ωp, the
disc is subjected to reactive couple whose magnitude is same (i.e.
I.ω.ωp) but opposite in direction to that of active couple. This reactive
couple to which the disc is subjected when the axis of spin rotates about
the axis of precession is known as reactive gyroscopic couple. The axis
of the reactive gyroscopic couple is represented by OZ′