HSE 422

Lecture 16:
Performance Feedback
Rob Gray
 Feedback Classification
Information
InformationFeedback
Feedback
• Ss
Ss Intrinsic
IntrinsicFeedback
Feedback Extrinsic
ExtrinsicFeedback
Feedback
• Ss
Knowledge
Knowledgeof
of Knowledge
Knowledgeof
of Knowledge
Knowledgeof
of Knowledge
Knowledgeof
of
Performance
Performance Results
Results Performance
Performance Results
Results

Vision
Vision Instructor/Coach
Instructor/Coach Lap
Lap
Audition
Audition Basketball
Basketball Parent/Friend
Parent/Friend times
times Distance
Distance
Touch
Touch Golf
Golf Tennis
Tennis Video
Videoreplay
replay jumped
jumped
service
serviceace
ace Photographs
Photographs Height
Heightjumped
jumped
Muscle
MuscleFeeling
Feeling Darts
Darts .. Radar
Radargun
gun Judge’s
Judge’sscore
score . .
..
Stopwatch
Stopwatch
2
2
 Feedback
• Intrinsic feedback – natural sensory
information resulting from movement
(e.g., vision, proprioceptive)
• We have already seen that with more practice
athletes begin to rely on less intrinsic visual
feedback.
• However, this depends a lot on how you practice.
– If you practice with full vision and then it is taken away,
the athlete will do much worse.
– Evidence that still making some use of it.
Intrinsic Feedback:

dark
 Intrinsic Feedback:
• Demonstrates that the sensorimotor basis for
learning is specific to the conditions of
practice.
Range effects
Adding new information that wasn’t present in
practice can actually make you worse!
 Feedback
• Extrinsic Feedback: Knowledge of the
accuracy of performance provided after a
response has been completed.
• Based on the motor program theory it is
predicted that the more extrinsic feedback
that is given the better learning will be.
Intuitively most people would think this is the
case.
 Extrinsic Feedback
• But, surprisingly this prediction is wrong!
Learning of a skill is as good if knowledge of
results is provided 33% of the time as when it is
provided 100% of the time.
Also evidence that reducing the frequency of
extrinsic feedback gradually can make learning
faster.
• Providing a summary at the end is often better than
feedback on every trial.
 Extrinsic Feedback
• Why does this occur?
Athletes may need to make really big errors to
improve.
Without feedback you need to come up with
your own internal mechanism for evaluating
performance.
If extrinsic feedback is provided too soon after
performance it can interfere with intrinsic.
 Extrinsic Feedback
• For difficult tasks like hitting a baseball or
driving a golf ball, knowledge of results alone
is not very good because it does not indicate
which aspects of the movement contributed
to the successful performance.
Especially with multiple degrees of freedom
tasks.
Need knowledge of performance feedback.
 Knowledge of Performance Feedback
• Two basic types:
Kinetic – feedback about the forces generated
(e.g., club head speed, rpm in cycling).
Kinematic – feedback about the temporal and
spatial properties of the movement (timing,
speed, duration, etc).
 Multisensory Intrinsic Feedback
• Gray (2009)
– Compared how batters used auditory, tactile and
visual feedback
 Multisensory Intrinsic Feedback
• Gray (2009)
– Batters can use each source of feedback on its
own
Multisensory Intrinsic Feedback
 Neurofeedback
• Ring, Cooke et al (2015)
– Change in brain activity after training (High alpha
power)
 Neurofeedback
• Ring, Cooke et al (2015)
– But, no difference in putting performance
 Movement Guides

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