MA214 lab 1 part 1

Network Analysis (Lab 1.
1)
(MA214-5/7)
Dr Joe Bailey
jbailef@essex.ac.uk
Dr Andrew Harrison
harry@essex.ac.uk
Software installation
Python
• windows https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
• macOS https://www.python.org/downloads/
Python IDEs: Spyder, PyCharm,
Jupyter Notebook etc.
R: https://www.r-project.org
Download: https://www.stats.bris.ac.uk/R/ or https://cran.ma.imperial.ac.uk
R IDE:
Rstudio
https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/
R and Python are installed but you don’t want to install so many IDEs
separately.
--- You can install Anaconda instead of searching and installing those
IDEs
Software installation Important note: If you use
Anaconda Anaconda, please make sure your
installed python match the required
Download and installation: https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual
version.
Software Installation
Get started with Python
In this module we will mainly use Jupyter Notebook for demonstration.
• Open Anaconda
• Click the “launch”
button under
“Jupyter
Notebook”.
Build a file for coding.
Files go to the
folder you want to
use  “New” 
Python 3
Then, a new file

named as
“Untitled.ipynb” is
built.
Rename your “.ipynb” file
Click your new file

“Untitled.ipynb”.
Then, “File”
“Rename”
Type the new

name e.g.,
“MA214-lab1-p1”
Python basic: basic data types
A list of Python built-in data types:
See https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_datatypes.asp
Python basics: basic data types
Numbers:
Operators: +, -, *, / e.g., 3+4, 3-4, 3*4, 3/4
Division: //, % e.g., 17//3, 17%3
Power operator: ** e.g., 5**2, 3**7
Assign a value to a variable: e.g.,
Price=2.5
Number=22
Total_cost=Price*Number
Remark that one “cell” in Jupter notebook gives only one output, enable multiple outputs
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity = 'all'
Strings
You can use both single quote ‘’ or double quote “”
e.g., ‘MA214 network analysis’, “MA214 network analysis”

You will get the same output:
How to type “I’m”, “isn’t” etc.?
Use ‘\’’ or “ ’ ”
print() function --- more often used

Numbers and strings can put together to print. It is usually used
for presenting the output.
List:
A list of items between square brackets.
• The simplest usage of list is similar to the
vector in mathematics with the starting
index of the element to be 0.
e.g., a=[1,2,5,9]
• Negative index is allowed to access an
element from a list: e.g., a[-1], a[-3:]
• Slice operator “:” returns a list
(list[start:stop:step]): e.g., a[1:3:1],
a[0:3:1] , a[:]
• List support operator “+”: e.g., a=[1,2,5,9],
a+[3,6]
• Replace an item of a list: e.g., a=[1,2,5,9],

a[1]=3, a
• Remove an item from a list using

“del”: e.g., a=[1,2,5,9], del a[1], a;
a=[1,2,5,9], del a[1:3], a
• Get the length of the list using “len()”:e.g., a=[1,2,5,9], len(a)
• Nested list: e.g., a=['a', 'b', 'c’], x=[1,3,7], y=[a,x], y, y[0], y[1], y[0][1], y[1][2]
More?
list.append(x), list.remove(x), list.clear(), etc.
See
https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html
Tuple
A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas:
e.g., a=1,2,'MA214’, nested tuple: e.g., b=a,(3,4,5)
Tuple does not support item assignment…

Dictionary: It stores data using keys. It is indexed by “keys”, which are of
immutable data types such as tuples, numbers, strings. “list” can not be
used as keys, because it is changeable.
e.g., define a dictionary, print the dictionary, and print using the key
Set
A set of objects
e.g., basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}
print(basket)
Verify the membership:

'pear' in basket
'mongo' in basket
Create an empty set: set()

Python basics: while, for, if statement
While
Do something until the condition breaks
For
Iterate over the items or indices
Iterate over items Iterate over indices of a sequence

If
Take different actions when different conditions hold.
If…elif (it stands for ‘else if’) … else
Python basics: function
Define a function using def function_name(variable):
A function “myfun” with A function “myfun” with Using return to give
one single variable multiple variables the function output
Python basics: installing a package
It is almost unavoidable to use instant packages for programming.
• Check whether you can run Python in from command line
• Check whether you can run pip in from command line
• Install a package using pip (in command line)
$ pip install networkx

Any difficulties? Please visit https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages/
Python basics: installing a package
• Import an installed package
• Import a sub-module from a package
from package_name import module_name

R Basics
Now open Rstudio!
R basic: basic data types
A list of basic R data types and frequently used R objects
See https://www.w3schools.com/r/r_variables_global.asp
and https://www.tutorialspoint.com/r/r_data_types.htm
Numbers:
Operators: +, -, *, / e.g., 3+4, 3-4, 3*4, 3/4
Power operator: ^ e.g., 5^2, 3^7
Assign a value to a variable: e.g.,
Price=2.5, more often we use Price<-2.5
Character:
It is quite similar to strings in python
Quoted using single quote ‘’, or double quote “”
Vectors:
Can have different modes such as numeric, character, complex or logical
a<-c(1,3,4,7,8)
b<-c(“apple”, “pear”, “banana”)
a[1]; a[5]
Note that:
• “a[-1]” is remove the first element from a vector
• Different from Python, the index begins from 1
instead of 0.
Get the length of a vector: length(vector_name)
Using print() to print results: print()
Generate some simple vectors:

List: The length of each item is quite flexible
a<-list(num=c(1,2,3), char=c("apple", "pear"))
a
a$num
a$char
Get the length of the list:

length(list_name)
Use a[[1]][1] instead of

a[1][1]
Matrix
matrix(c(1,2,3,4,5,6), nrow=3, ncol=2)
matrix(c(“apple”, “banana”, ”orange”, ”pear”), nrow=2, ncol=2)
Array:
Matrix is a two-dimensional data, an array can be in any dimensions.
Factor:
Created using vectors but contain different levels.
Data frame: something similar to a table with data and row and column
names (each item will appear as the same length in data frame)
a <- 1:4; M <- c(10, 35, 1, 30); b<-data.frame(a, M)
R basic: For, while loops and if statement
While
while(condition){
statement
}
For Iterate over items
for (val in sequence){

statement
}
Iterate over indices

Note that you need to use
“nchar()” to compute the
length of a string.
If, else if, else
If (condition 1){
statement 1
} else if (condition 2) {
statement 2
} else{
statement 3
}
R basic: Function
Define a function:
Note that:
Myfun<-function(val1, val2, …, valn){ For multiple return, “a” should be a
write the function here list which lists the returned variables.
return (a)
}
R basic: Install and use a package
Install a package: Windows and Mac are the same
install.packages(“package_name”)
Use an installed package:
library(package_name)

MA214 lab 1 part 1

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MA214 lab 1 part 1

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Network Analysis (Lab 1.

Then, a new file

Click your new file

Type the new

e.g., ‘MA214 network analysis’, “MA214 network analysis”

print() function --- more often used

• Replace an item of a list: e.g., a=[1,2,5,9],

• Remove an item from a list using

Tuple does not support item assignment…

Verify the membership:

Create an empty set: set()

Iterate over items Iterate over indices of a sequence

• Check whether you can run pip in from command line

• Install a package using pip (in command line)

$ pip install networkx

• Import a sub-module from a package

from package_name import module_name

Generate some simple vectors:

Get the length of the list:

Use a[[1]][1] instead of

for (val in sequence){

Iterate over indices

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