TOPIC OF PRESENTATION

“DEMENTIA”
PRESENTED TO:
Ma’am Munawar Sultana
PRESENTED BY:
Group no 17

GROUP NO 17 MEMBERS:
SIDRA NAWAZ
SHIZA SHAKOOR
SIDRA MUSTAFAI
SOMIYAN MAQBOOL
SIBGHA NOREEN
DEMENTIA:
Dementia is not a specific disease but is
rather a general term for the impaired
ability to remember, think, or make
decisions that interferes with doing
everyday activities.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF
DEMENTIA:
 The pathophysiology of dementia is broadly thought to be
related to:
 The aggregation and accumulation of misfolded proteins
(termed proteinopathies)
 Associated with cerebrovascular disease (CVD).
 The most common cause of late-onset dementia is AD,
 Followed by dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB),
 Vascular dementia
 Frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
 CAUSES OF DEMENTIA:

Some of the causes of dementia are listed below:

Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
Huntington's disease
Some types of
Multiple sclerosis
 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF
DEMENTIA
Clinical manifestations of dementia are given below:
People with dementia have problems with thinking and
remembering that affect their ability to manage their daily life.
These are some signs to watch for:
Short-term memory problems, like forgetting where you put
something or asking the same question over and over

Communication problems like not being able to come up with a
word

Getting lost

Trouble with complex but familiar tasks, like fixing a meal or
paying bills

Personality changes, like depression, agitation, paranoia, and mood
swings
STAGES OF DEMENTIA:
There are mainly seven stages of dementia:
1. No impairment. Someone at this stage will show no symptoms, but tests may reveal a
problem.
2.Very mild decline. You may notice slight changes in behavior, but your loved one will still
be independent.
3.Mild decline. You'll notice more changes in their thinking and reasoning. They may have
trouble making plans, and they may repeat themselves a lot. They may also have a hard time
remembering recent events.
4.Moderate decline. They'll have more problems with making plans and remembering recent
events. They may have a hard time with traveling and handling money.
5.Moderately severe decline. They may not remember their phone number or their
grandchildren's names. They may be confused about the time of day or day of the week. At
this point, they’ll need assistance with some basic day-to-day functions, such as picking out
clothes to wear.
6.Severe decline. They'll begin to forget the name of their spouse. They’ll need help going to
the restroom and eating. You may also see changes in their personality and emotions.
7.Very severe decline. They can no longer speak their thoughts. They can't walk and will
spend most of their time in bed.
DIAGNOSTIC EVELUATION OF DEMENTIA:
The following procedures also may be used to diagnose dementia:

Cognitive and neurological tests. .

Brain scans.

Psychiatric evaluation. .

Genetic tests.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests.

Blood tests.