CE, RMP, ME-1, SO2, FA Nald Ruzle D. Esmeralda, CE, RMP, ME-1, SO2, FA
Part Time SCEGE Faculty, Mapua University, September
2020 B.S. Civil Engineering, Mapua University, May 2018 Registered Civil Engineer, November 2018 Accredited Materials Engineer 1 (DPWH), September 2019 Registered Master Plumber, February 2020 Accredited Safety Officer 2, November 2020 High School Valedictorian Former Quantity Surveyor, Whiteport, INC. Financial Advisor, AIA Philam Life WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION? - It is the techniques and industry involved in the assembly and erection of structures, primarily those used to provide shelter. - Construction is an ancient human activity. It began with the purely functional need for a controlled environment to moderate the effects of climate. WHAT BUILDING MATERIALS ARE USED IN CONSTRUCTION? Concrete: Concrete is a composite material made from mixing cement, aggregates such as sand and crushed stone and water. Steel: Steel is one of the strongest building materials available with excellent strength capacity in both tension and compression. Wood: Wood has been used as a construction material for thousands of years and if properly maintained can last for hundred of years. CONCRETE CONCRETE Fresh concrete can be poured into form works to take any shape or form and takes time to harden into a stone-like material. It takes up to 7 days for concrete to reach the majority of its strength and will need special attention to curing to avoid cracking or reduction in capacity. REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN Concrete is very strong when exposed to compression stresses however, it’s brittle and has limited tensile strength. Combined with steel rebar, reinforced concrete is stronger and more suitable for a wide range of structures such as tall multi-story buildings, bridges, roads, tunnels and so many other applications. STEEL It is one of the strongest building materials available with excellent strength capacity in both tension and compression. Because of its high strength-to-weight ratio, it is ideal for structural framework of tall buildings and large industrial facilities. STEEL Structural steel is available in standard shapes such are angles, I beams and C-channels. These shapes can be welded together or connected using high-strength bolts to build structures capable of resisting large forces and deformations. Steel is a relatively expensive building material so it is the structural engineer’s responsibility to choose economic sizes and shapes according to the actual loads on the building to avoid overdesign. The installation of steel is less time consuming compared to concrete and can be installed in any type of environment. WOOD Wood has been used as a construction material for thousands of years. It is a readily available and economically feasible natural resource with a light weight and highly machinable properties. It also provides good insulation from the cold which makes it an excellent building material for homes and residential buildings. MASONRY Masonry construction is using individual units to build structures that are usually uses mortar to bound the units together. The most common material use in the design of masonry structures is concrete block, with vertical steel reinforcing if required. Masonry is strong in resisting compression loads/stresses which makes it ideal to use for the construction of load bearing walls. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON VARIATION IN MATERIALS AND PURPOSE 1. Lime Concrete - Lime concrete uses Lime as the binding material. - Lime is usually mixed with surki and khoa or stones in the proportion 1:2:5 unless otherwise specified. - The khoa or stones are soaked in water before mixing. - Lime concrete is used mainly in foundation and terrace roofing. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON VARIATION IN MATERIALS AND PURPOSE 2. Cement Concrete - Most engineering construction uses cement concrete composites as the main building material. - It consists of cement, sand, brick chips or stone chips of the required size. - The usual proportion is 1:2:4 or 1:3:6. - After mixing the required amounts of materials, the concrete mix is cured with water for 28 days for proper strength building. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON VARIATION IN MATERIALS AND PURPOSE 3. Reinforced Cement Concrete - For enhancing the tensile strength of concrete, steel reinforcements are added. - Sometimes, RCC is prestressed under compression to eliminate or reduce tensile stresses. The resulting concrete is known as Prestressed Concrete. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON COUNTING ON THE WORK BEING DONE 1. Dry Ready Mix - This is the combination that may be found at the most home improvement and hardware stores. - It comes in baggage typically starting from sixty to eighty pounds. - Dry ready mix is simple to combine and this is often the combination that almost all homemade comes would require. - The tools needed for the mixture are a bucket or cart, shovel or hoe, trowel and a measured quantity of water. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON COUNTING ON THE WORK BEING DONE 2. Ready Mix - This concrete comes pre-mixed and is for larger homemade comes or for people who do not need to combine their own concrete. - It is typically brought in an exceedingly little trailer, typically with an intermixture drum connected to stay it dampish and mixed. - The ready combine is usually costlier and might be troublesome to search out. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON COUNTING ON THE WORK BEING DONE 3. Bulk Dry Materials - It is price effective to purchase dry materials in bulk. - The drawback of shopping for in bulk is that there will be much space for the materials to be kept before getting used. - The materials will over probably be delivered to the positioning. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON COUNTING ON THE WORK BEING DONE 4. Transit Mix - This is the mix that almost all cast-in-place concrete comes can use. - It is typically trucked in using concrete trucks that have the massive drum that keeps the concrete from setting up whereas in transit. - It permits for one continuous pour so fewer seams and stronger concrete overall. TYPES OF CONCRETE BASED ON CHANGING THE PROPORTIONS OF INGREDIENTS USED Regular Concrete High-strength Concrete Stamped Concrete High-Performance Concrete Self-consolidating Concretes Vacuum Concrete Shotcrete Roller-Compacted concrete Glass Concrete Asphalt Concrete Rapid Strength Concrete Polymer Concrete Limecrete Light-Transmitting Concrete COMPOSITION OF BASIC CONCRETE MIX There are four basic ingredients within the concrete mix: Binding materials like cement or lime
BINDING MATERIALS Binding material is the main element of a concrete mix. Cement is the most commonly used binding material. Lime could also be used. When water is mixed with the cement, a paste is created that coats the aggregates within the mix. The paste hardens, binds the aggregates and form a stone-like substance. MORTAR Mortar is a building material composed of cement, which is mixed with fine sands and water. It is the "glue" that holds together bricks, concrete block, stone, and other masonry materials. AGGREGATES Minerals obtained from natural sources or produced artificially and may be crushed or uncrushed stone, gravel, sand, blast furnace, slag Used in the production of concrete for normal structural purposes WATER Water is required to with chemicals react with the cement (hydration) and to supply workability with the concrete. The number of water within the combine in pounds compared with the number of cement is named the water/cement quantitative relation. The lower the w/c quantitative relation, the stronger the concrete. (Higher strength, less permeability) ANNOUNCEMENTS ONLINE HOMEWORK 1: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS (DECEMBER 4, FRIDAY) NO CLASSES (NOVEMBER 30, MONDAY) FINENESS AND CONSISTENCY OF PORTLAND CEMENT (DECEMBER 2, WEDNESDAY) LABORATORY REPORT 1: FINENESS AND CONSISTENCY OF PORTLAND CEMENT (DECEMBER 4, FRIDAY) TIME SETTING AND SOUNDNESS OF PORTLAND CEMENT (DECEMBER 7, MONDAY) LABORATORY REPORT 2:TIME SETTING AND SOUNDNESS OF PORTLAND CEMENT (DECEMBER 9, WEDNESDAY)