Design of Slabs

Slabs may be simply supported or continuous over one or more supports and are classified according to the method of
support, as follows:

(1) One-way solid slab:

Slabs of uniform thickness, bending & reinforced in one direction. One-way slabs are suitable only for relatively short
spans.
(2) Two-way solid slab:
Slabs of uniform thickness, bending & reinforced in two direction. Two-way slabs are economical for medium spans with
medium to heavy loads.
(3) Ribbed slabs:
Slabs cast integrally with a series of closely spaced joists which in turn are supported by a set of beams. Ribbed slabs are
designed as a series of parallel T-beams and economical for medium spans with light to medium live loads.
(4) Waffle slabs:
A two-way slab reinforced by ribs in two directions. Waffle slabs are able to carry heavier loads and span longer than
ribbed slabs.
(5) Flat slabs:
Slabs of uniform thickness, bending and reinforced in two directions and supported directly by columns without beams.
 Design Procedure of Slabs

A procedure for carrying out detailed design of slabs may be listed out as follows:

Step 1: Determine Design Criteria

- Establish the design requirements, including the type of slab (such as one-way or two-way), loadings, span
lengths, and support conditions.
Step 2: Assess action on slab
- Determine the dead loads, live loads, and other imposed loads that the slab will be subjected to. Consider factors
such as occupancy, usage, and any specific requirements outlined by the applicable building codes or standards.
Step 3: Assess durability requirements and determine concrete strength
Step 4: Determine nominal cover for durability, fire and bond requirements
Step 5: Analyze structure to obtain critical moments and shear forces
Step 6: Design of flexural reinforcement
Step 7: Verify shear, deflection and cracking
Step 8: Produce detailed drawings
Yield lines for two-way slab
REFER PDF FILE ON TOPIC: SLAB LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON BEAM

SLAB LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON BEAM (BASIC).pdf

 Design of Reinforcement
Step 1: Calculate K = M/bd²

Step 2: If K
(a) z = d(0.5 + )
(b) As = M/0.87 z

Step 3: Shear
Shear stresses in slabs subjected to uniformly distributed loads are generally small. It is not usual for a slab to contain
shear reinforcement, therefore it is only necessary to ensure that design ultimate shear force, is less than the
shear strength of the unreinforced section,

< ---- OK!!!!

= [0.12K (100 )⅓] d [0.035 ½] d

Where:
Step 4: Deflection
Excessive deflection of slabs will cause damage to the ceiling, floor finishes or other architectural finishes.
To avoid this, limits are set on the span depth-ratio.

Step 5: Cracking

Step 6: Detailing
 Design of Solid Slabs
– One Way Slab
Solid slabs may span one-way or two-way direction.
ONE WAY SLABS

• Carrying predominantly uniform load that consist of a series of rectangular beams 1m

wide span between supporting beams or walls.

• Only occurs when there are only two supports, as to the shorter span is greater than 2.
Ly/Lx 2 , it is one way

• Yield line and direction of main reinforcements are shown in Figure 7.6.
Design of Solid Slabs
– One Way Slab
 Ly/8 Ly/8

Lx/8
Edge strip

Lx
Middle strip
Lx/8

Ly
Figure 7.8 Division of slab into middle and edge strips
Simply Supported Slab
Design of Solid Slabs
– One Way Slab
 Restrained Slab

Step 1
Restrained Slab
Restrained Slab
 Restrained Slab

Step 2
EXAMPLE 1: SIMPLY SUPPORTED ONE-WAY SLAB

A rectangular reinforced concrete slab is simply supported on two masonry

walls 250mm thick and 4.0m apart (clear distance). The slab has to carry a
distributed permanent action of 1.0 kN/m2 (excluding slab self-weight) and a
variable action of 3.0 kN/m2. The materials to be used are grade C30 concrete
and grade 500 reinforcement. The slab which is situated outside a building and
subjected to a 1-hour fire resistance is to be designed for 50 years design life.

Design the slab.

 Simply Supported Two-way Slab
STEP 1:

From this table, look at REI 60, because the fire resistance
given in question is R60, so the minimum dimension for slab
thickness is 80mm. The formula is (h= lx / axis distance a)
EXAMPLE 2: SIMPLY SUPPORTED TWO-WAY SLAB

Design a reinforced concrete slab for a room measuring 7.5m x 4.0m.

The slab carries a variable action of 2.5 kN/m2 and permanent action
due to finishes of 1.2 kN/m2. The characteristic material strength are
fck = 25 N/mm2 and fyk = 500 N/mm2. The slab can be considered
simply supported of all four edges with corners free to lift. The nominal
concrete cover is 30mm.
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab
STEP 1:
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab

STEP 2: =hx
= 200 mm x 25 kN/m2
= 0.2 m x 25 kN/m2

(+)

Ʃ Permanent load
Ʃ Live load

STEP 3:

STEP 4:
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab
STEP 5:

(523 mm²/m)
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab
STEP 6:
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab

STEP 7:
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab

STEP 8:
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab
STEP 9:
According to Clause 7.3.3 in If the value is > 400mm, so take
Eurocode 2, when overall 400 mm as = 400 mm
depth, h<200 mm so no
need to measure control
cracking, therefore it is
OK!!!

Therefore, the max. bar spacing must below = 400 mm.

According to Clause 9.3.1
Bar spacing need to choose < 400 mm
 Simply Supported Two-way Slab
STEP 10:

Ly Don’t forget!
As this this two-way slab, it has steel
in two direction. Steel bar in shorter
Lx span (lx) must be placed under the
longer span (ly)

From Step 5 & 6, we already identify As

value for short span and long span, the
summary of As is:
As (Short span) = H10-150 (523mm²/m)
As (Long span) = H10-350 (224 mm²/m)
(this is rebar Ly)

(this is rebar Lx under rebar Ly)

EXAMPLE 3: CONTINUOUS SLAB

Design a