Respiratory System (အသက် ရှူအဖွဲ့အစည်)

Dr. Aung Pyae Phyo

Consultant Doctor
WeCare Health Care Service
 Respiratory system supply oxygen to the cells
and remove gaseous waste product, carbon dioxide
from the cell. It consists of:
I. Respiratory Tract
‒ Nose
‒ Pharynx
‒ Larynx
‒ Trachea
‒ Two Bronchi (left and right bronchus)
II. Accessory Organs
‒ Diaphragm
‒ Intercostal muscles
 Nose and Nasal cavities
The nose is divided into two regions: the external
nose and the internal nasal cavity.
Filters, moisten, clean and warm the inspired air.
Also serves as a resonating chamber for speech.
Has the olfactory mucosa and receptors.
The sinuses are small cavities lined with mucous
membrane in the bone of the skull and highly
susceptible to infection.
 Pharynx
Funnel-shaped tube that connects to the nasal
cavity and mouth superiorly and larynx and
esophagus inferiorly
Serves both respiratory and digestive functions.
It is divided into three regions:
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx (Voice Box)
A hollow, tubular structure located between the pharynx and
the trachea
Its walls are composed by cartilages.
Also produce vocal sounds and prevents the passage of food
and other foreign particles into the lower respiratory tract.

Trachea (Windpipe)
Approximately 10 to 11 cm long and conduct air between
larynx and the lungs.
Composed of 16 – 20 tiny C-shaped or horseshoe-shaped
cartilage rings.
Mucous membrane and cilia in trachea act as a filter for
foreign particles.
Bronchi
The last tracheal cartilage is the beginning of the right
and left bronchi.

The bronchi divide into secondary bronchi, each

supplying a lobe of the lungs and subdivide into small
bronchioles that connected to alveolar ducts and alveoli.

Air reaching the bronchi is

Warm and cleansed of impurities
Saturated with water vapor
Alveoli
Air sacs of the lungs.
Approximately 300 million alveoli are in each lung.
Provide tremendous surface area for gas exchange.
Lungs
Cone shaped organs of respiration.
Divided into left lung and right lung.

Covered by the serous membrane called pleura.

Left lung is separated into two lobes; upper or
superior lobe and lower or inferior lobe.
Right lung is separated into three lobes; upper or
superior lobe, middle lobe and lower or inferior lobe.
Pleura
Thin, double-layered serosa; parietal pleura and
visceral pleura that cover the lungs.
Prevent friction between them during breathing
by producing the secretion.
Diaphragm and Intercostal muscles
Dome-shaped structure that separates the thoracic
cavity from the abdominal cavity.

The muscles that occupy the spaces between the ribs

are called intercostal muscles that control the
movements of the ribs.

The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract

simultaneously ensuring the enlargement of the thoracic
cavity in all direction during respiration.
Breathing
Breathing or pulmonary ventilation consists of two
phases
1. Inspiration – air flow into the lungs
2. Expiration – gases exit the lungs
Respiration – four distinct processes must happen
i. Pulmonary ventilation – moving air into and out of the
lungs
ii. External respiration – gas exchange between the lungs
and the blood
iii. Transport – transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between lungs and tissues
iv. Internal respiration – gas exchange between systemic
blood vessels and tissues
 Common diseases

• Pneumonia (အဆု ပ်ရေင်ရေဂ)

• Pleural effusion (အဆု ပ်ရေဝို င်ခြင်)

• Tuberculosis (တီဘီရေဂ)

• Asthma (ပန်နရင်ကြပ်ရေဂ)

• COPD : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (နတရှ ည်

အဆု ပ်ရေဂ)
• Lung abscess (အဆု ပ်ပြည်တည်န)
Thank You