Database Systems Lab

IT[244]
Lab #:06

FACULTY OF CS & IT

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT
Concatenation Operator

Concatenation
Operator
Using Character Strings
Using Character Strings.. Cont
Eliminating Duplicate Rows

li c ate
e d up se
at lt u
e limin e resu d in
To in th ywor
s
row INCT ke
DIST the se .
C T clu
SELE
Character Strings are CASE SENSITIVE

All character searches

are case sensitive. No
row return because
EPM table stores all
the data in uppercase.
Comparison Operators

Operator Meaning
= Equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
<> Not equal to
Using Comparison Operators
Other Comparison Operators

Operator Meaning
BETWEEN Between two Values (inclusive)
….AND…..
IN(list) Match any of a list of Values
LIKE Match a character Pattern
IS NULL Is a null value
Using BETWEEN , AND Operator
(Range of Values)

You mu
st
specify
lower li the
mit firs
t.
Using the IN Operator

If Characters or Dates
are used in the list they
must be enclosed in
single quotation marks.
Using the LIKE Operator
Symbol Description

% Represents any sequence of

zero or more characters

_ Represents any character.

These Two are called wildcard
character.
Using the NULL Operator
NULL Value:
• Unavailable Value
• Unassigned Value
• Unknown Value
• Inapplicable Value

Null value can not be test

with (=) , because a NULL
value or unequal to any
value.
 Class Activity
1. Display the name concatenated with the
job, separated by comma and space also
name the column with Employee and Title.
2. Display the Name and Job Title of all
Employees who was hired in 1982.
3. Display the Name an job title of all
employee where the third leter of their
names is an A.