Second Semester,

SY 2023-2024
Practical
Research 1:

Chapter 2
Literature Review

Aiden L. Burbos
Subject Teacher
 Second Semester,
SY 2023-2024

Practical
Research 1:

Learning from Others and

Reviewing the Literature
 How do you gather information
or data on a research topic or an
interesting recipe, movie, sports,
hobbies and others?
Objective

Selects relevant literature (CS_RS11-IIIf-j-1)

What is a Literature Review?
...surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other
sources relevant to a particular issue, area of
research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a
description, summary, and critical evaluation of
these works in relation to the research problem
being investigated.
Source: Fink, Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From The Internet To Paper.
What is a Literature Review?

...is designed to provide an overview of sources

you have explored while researching a particular
topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your
research fits within a larger field of study.
Source: Fink, Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From The Internet To Paper.
To do...
On a piece of paper,
A.Write an interesting topic you would like to explore.
B.Enumerate at least three ways on how you will look
for the information and data needed about your
chosen topic of interest.
To do...
On a piece of paper,
C.Share important information you would like to look
for in their chosen interest (for example, the student
might choose the topic basketball—What about in it
that interests you? Is it in the players? Is it the game
itself?)
Types of Sources
1. Primary sources- publications in which researchers
report the results of their studies (directly
communicated to readers- ex. journals)
Types of Sources
2. Secondary sources- publications in which authors
describe the work of others (Frakel & Wallen, 2008
as cited Prieto, et.al.)
Primary or Secondary?
• Journals • Diary
• Newspapers • Encyclopedia
• Textbooks • Magazines
• Research Reviews • Computer database
Evaluate the given topics and discuss how
these types of primary and secondary
sources can be relevant in conducting
a qualitative research.

1. A peer-reviewed journal article on the social and

psychological effects of natural calamities on disaster-
prone communities
Evaluate the given topics and discuss how
these types of primary and secondary
sources can be relevant in conducting
a qualitative research.

2. A survey on satisfaction ratings of newly hired

employees
Evaluate the given topics and discuss how
these types of primary and secondary
sources can be relevant in conducting
a qualitative research.

3. A video documentation on a medical procedure for a

rare disease
In selecting the literature for a study, the
following questions should be considered:
1. Can this literature help me clearly present the delimitation of my
study?
2. Can this literature give me insights to present properly essential
variables of my study?
3. Is this literature up-to-date?
4. Does this literature provide perceptive and accurate results and
conclusions?
5. Does this literature present contrasting ideas which can be used in
identifying research gap?
A literature review...
...may consist simply of a summary of key
sources. It usually has an organizational pattern
and combines both summary and synthesis, often
within conceptual categories.
Characteristics of a good literature
review:

Materials must...
1. be as recent as possible;
2. be objective and unbiased;
3. be relevant to the study; and
4. not be too few nor too many.
Purposes of the literature review
(Macmillan and Schumacher, 1984)
1. Define and limit a problem
If your literature review is part of a larger research project, the literature
review helps to identify the parameters of a study. Most research areas
are broad: a literature review allows identification of key issues within a
broad research area so that a definition of an area of interest can be
pursued.
Purposes of the literature review
(Macmillan and Schumacher, 1984)
2. Place your study in perspective
The purpose of academic research is to push out and add to the current
body of knowledge within a particular field. Unless you are aware of the
work of others, you cannot build upon an established foundation.
Purposes of the literature review
(Macmillan and Schumacher, 1984)
3. Avoid unintentional replication of previous
studies
4. Select methods and measures
5. Relate findings to previous knowledge and
suggest areas for further research
Evaluation

In an essay, answer the following question:

What makes literature review

important in research?
Conducting a literature review…

1.Decide on the area of

research.
- Start with a clear problem
Conducting a literature review…

2. Search for literature.

- Printed or online materials and
references
Conducting a literature review…

3. Find relevant excerpts in

books and articles.
- reading the abstract
Conducting a literature review…

4. Code the literature.

-Categorizing concepts into themes
(similarities and differences)
-Highlighting and annotating
Conducting a literature review…

5. Create conceptual schema.

-Organize concepts/information
through synthesis matrix
 Source

Study 4
Study 3
Study 2
Study 1
Problem or
Purpose

Design

Sample

Methods

Instrument

Findings
Conducting a literature review…

6. Begin writing the literature

review.
 Second Semester,
SY 2022-2023

Practical
Research 1:

Citing Related Literature

Using Standard Style
Introduction
• Research makes use of previous information and data
from statements of experts which are expressed in
various sources most common of which are books,
journals and computer databases. For qualitative
researches, the information we get from these resources
can support in the process of interpretation and analysis
of data. Once we use information from others, it is a
MUST that proper citations are followed. Our lesson for
today presents the varied sources that can be used in
doing a literature review and how they are cited properly
in the text and reference list
Objective

Cites related literature using

standard style
(CS_RS11-IIIf-j-2)
Source: Alvez (2002)
Idea: teenage pregnancy is
a serious social and health
concern.
Teenage pregnancy is a
serious social and
health concern (Alvez,
2002).
Teenage pregnancy is a
serious social and health
concern, according to
Alvez (2002).
According to Alvez
(2002), teenage pregnancy
is a serious social and
health concern.
Alvez (2002) stated that
teenage pregnancy is a
serious social and health
concern.
Alvez (2002), said that
teenage pregnancy is a
serious social and health
concern.
In a research conducted
by Alvez (2002), teenage
pregnancy is a serious
social and health concern.
What is citation?
A citation is a reference to
the source of information
used in your research.

Source: (Empire State College 2021)

What is citation?
It is a way of giving credit
to individuals for their
creative and intellectual
works that you utilized to
support your research.
Source: (University of Pittsburgh, 2021)
What is citation?
A citation It can also be
used to locate particular
sources and combat
plagiarism.

Source: (University of Pittsburgh, 2021)

When to cite…

When another person’s

idea is used, include a
brief notation
…called in-text citation
Source: (Empire State College 2021)
In-text citation example…
A few researchers in the linguistics field have
developed training programs designed to improve
native speakers' ability to understand accented
speech (Derwing, Rossiter, & Munro, 2002; Krech
Thomas, 2004). Their training techniques are based
on the research described above indicating that
comprehension improves with exposure to non-native
speech. Derwing et al. (2002) conducted their
training with students preparing to be social workers
but note that other professionals who work with non-
native speakers could benefit from a similar program.
In-text citation
A few researchers in the linguistics field have
developed training programs designed to improve
native speakers' ability to understand accented
speech (Derwing, Rossiter, & Munro, 2002; Krech
Thomas, 2004). Their training techniques are based
on the research described above indicating that
comprehension improves with exposure to non-native
speech. Derwing et al. (2002) conducted their
training with students preparing to be social workers
but note that other professionals who work with non-
native speakers could benefit from a similar program.
…fuller notation
providing details for easy
location of source…
end-of-paper citation
Source: (Empire State College 2021)
End-of-paper citation
 Citation styles
(University of Pittsburgh 2021)

• APA (American Psychological Association) is

used by Education, Psychology, and
Sciences
• MLA (Modern Language Association) style is
used by the Humanities
• Chicago/Turabian style is generally used
by Business, History, and the Fine Arts
 APA Style 6th Edition
(Department of Education 2020)

Refer to the handouts

 Short Quiz!

Read and understand the items that will

follow. You have 30 seconds to read and
answer each.
 Short Quiz!

1. It surveys books, scholarly articles,

and any other sources relevant to a
particular issue, area of research.
 Short Quiz!

2. A diary is an example of what type of

source of information?
 Short Quiz!

3. This type of source refers to

publications in which authors describe
the work of others.
 Short Quiz!

4. It is a reference to the source of

information used in your research.
 Short Quiz!

5. What type of citation is used in this

statement:
Fernandez (2020) stressed that proper
citation has to be observed at all times.
Exchange your
notebooks!
 Short Quiz!

Read and understand the items that will

follow. You have 30 seconds to read and
answer each.
 Short Quiz!

1. It is designed to provide an overview

of sources you have explored.
 Short Quiz!

2. It is a type of source wherein a person

directly communicates the information
to the reader/ receiver of the
information.
 Short Quiz!

3. A textbook is an example of what

type of source?
 Short Quiz!

4. Is a way of giving credit to

individuals for their creative and
intellectual works that you utilized to
support your research.
 Short Quiz!

5. Write the in-text citation found in this

statement:
Fernandez (2020) stressed that proper
citation has to be observed at all times.
Exchange your
notebooks!
Teenage pregnancy is a serious social
and health concern (Alvez, 2002).

Teenage pregnancy is a serious social

and health concern according to Alvez
(2002).
What is plagiarism?

Plagiarism is presenting someone else's

work or ideas as your own, with or
without their consent, by incorporating it
into your work without full
acknowledgement.
Reference:
The stage of dialogue was the action of conversation. On this
manner, the incident was immediately addressed and effects
were identified.
Submitted Output:
The stage of dialogue was the action of conversation. On this
manner, the incident was immediately addressed and effects
were identified.
You submitted a research for Practical
Research 1

A year later, you submitted it again in

Practical Research 2
The occurrence of verbal bullying was a typical
scenario in middle school. This kind of abuse was
commonly committed by students towards their peers.
With the literature about this matter, little less has
been conducted about the manner novice teachers
handle verbal bullying incidents. Thus, this
phenomenological study investigated the practices of
novice teachers in handling bullying in a middle
school.
The occurrence of verbal bullying was a typical
scenario in middle school. This kind of abuse was
commonly committed by students towards their
peers. With the literature about this matter, little
less has been conducted about the manner novice
teachers handle verbal bullying incidents. Thus,
this phenomenological study investigated the
practices of novice teachers in handling bullying
in a middle school. Source: Carlos Perez
The event of verbal bullying was a common situation in
secondary school. This kind of abuse was commonly
committed by students towards their classmates. With
the literature about this matter, little less has been
conducted about the manner new teachers handle verbal
bullying incidents. Thus, this phenomenological study
investigated the practices of novice teachers in handling
bullying in a secondary school (Perez, 2019).
The researcher unintentionally
neglected to cite a source or quoted
by using similar words or sentence
structure.
Types of Plagiarism

• Direct Plagiarism
• Self-Plagiarism
• Mosaic Plagiarism
• Accidental Plagiarism
Direct Plagiarism

•committed when you copy word-for

word a section of others’ works without
quotation marks
Direct Plagiarism

The stage of dialogue was the action of

conversation. On this manner, the incident
was immediately addressed and effects
were identified.
Direct Plagiarism

“The stage of dialogue was the action of

conversation. On this manner, the incident
was immediately addressed and effects were
identified.”
Self Plagiarism

committed when you mix your previous

works to come up with new article
without proper citation and permission to
the teacher you previously submitted the
work
Mosaic Plagiarism

committed when you take phrases from a

source without using quotation marks or
citation; thus, you just find synonyms to the
authors’ words while keeping the same
though as it is in the original
Mosaic Plagiarism

The occurrence of verbal bullying was a typical scenario in

middle school. This kind of abuse was commonly committed
by students towards their peers. With the literature about this
matter, little less has been conducted about the manner novice
teachers handle verbal bullying incidents. Thus, this
phenomenological study investigated the practices of novice
teachers in handling bullying in a middle school.
Mosaic Plagiarism

The occurrence of verbal bullying was a typical scenario in

middle school. This kind of abuse was commonly committed
by students towards their peers. With the literature about this
matter, little less has been conducted about the manner novice
teachers handle verbal bullying incidents. Thus, this
phenomenological study investigated the practices of novice
teachers in handling bullying in a middle school.
Mosaic Plagiarism

The event of verbal bullying was a common situation in

secondary school. This kind of abuse was commonly
committed by students towards their classmates. With the
literature about this matter, little less has been conducted about
the manner new teachers handle verbal bullying incidents.
Thus, this phenomenological study investigated the practices
of novice teachers in handling bullying in a secondary school.
Accidental Plagiarism

committed when unintentionally neglected to cite a source or

quoted by using similar words or sentence structure.
 Second Semester,
SY 2022-2023

Practical
Research 1:

Paraphrasing
Recap…

What is plagiarism?
What are the four (4) types of
plagiarism?
I wonder…

When does wrong

become right?
I wonder…

Say the given

statements in your
own words.