Types of Adverse Drug Reactions

&
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic
drug interactions
 Learning outcomes

 Define adverse drug reactions (ADR)

 Classification of ADRs
 Hypersensitivity reactions Types I – IV
 No ideal drug

• There is no ideal drug

which is free of risks of
pharmacotherapeutic
complications

– The knowledge and

understanding of
pharmacotherapeutic
risks is essential for
safe use of drugs in
clinical practice
 Definitions
• Side effect: a secondary, typically undesirable
effect of a drug.
• Adverse drug event (ADE): injury resulting
from the medical use of a drug.
– Preventable ADE: those that result from a
medication error in prescribing, dispensing,
administering, or monitoring
– Nonpreventable ADE = Adverse drug reaction. An
injury resulting from the medical use of a drug
where no error is involved
4
 Side Effects vs. ADEs
Take medication

Symptoms – Side effects

Injuries – Adverse drug events

Yes No
Error?

Preventable: Not –preventable:

Adverse drug event Adverse drug reaction
5
 Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)
Harm associated with the use of a given
medications

OR
• Unwanted or harmful reaction experienced
after the administration of a drug or
combination of drugs under normal conditions
of use
 • Range from mild reactions (drowsiness,
nausea, itching & rash); disappear after
discontinuation of drug
OR
• Severe reactions (respiratory depression,
neutropenia, hepatocellular injury, hemorrhage,
anaphylaxis

neutropenia