FIRST AID for

COMMON
UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES
SCRAMBLE
D
TCARFEUR
FRACTURE
SPNAIR
SPRAIN
INGOHCK
CHOKING
AUSHETAEXHNOTI
 HEAT
EXHAUSTION
SNBURLCACHEMI
CHEMICAL
BURNS
OBJECTIVES
At the e n d of the online class session,
the students a r e expected to:

Identify the c o m m o n
unintentional injuries
Discuss proper first aid
p r o c e d u r e s for c o m m o n
unintentional injuries
Perform the first aid procedures in
different unintentional injuries
 FIRST AID for
COMMON
UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES
FRACTURE
A break or c r a c k in
a bone
An o p e n fracture
pierces the skin FIRST AID
surface A clo sed
1.C h e c k vital signs
fracture when the
2.D o not m o v e injured part
skin is intact
3. Stop bleeding if there is a n y
4.I f y o u h a v e to m o v e the person,
immobilized the broken part
with splinting
5.Seek medical help immediately
DISLOCATION
I s a partial or
complete
displacement of the
bone
FIRST AID
1.Call for help immediately
2.Splint the affected part
3.D o not try to m o v e a dislocated part
or force it b a c k
into place
4. Apply ice o n
the injured part to reduce swelling
SPRAIN STRAIN
I s a n injury of the I s a n injury to the
ligament of a muscles which is
b o n e d u e to a result of
accidental tearing improper u s e of
or overstretching the muscles

FIRST AID
1.Rest injured part
2.Apply I c e
3.C o m p r e s s the injured part
4.Elevate the injured part
HEAT
EXHAUSTION
I s c a u s e d by loss of
salt a n d water d u e to
excessively high
temperature. This m a y
lead to heatstroke a n d FIRST AID
even death
1.Transport a victim to a cooler pla c e
2.Give him/her plenty of water
3.C h e c k for vital signs
4.Seek medical help
FOOD
POISONING
I s c a u s e d by
c o n s u m i n g f o o d or
drink that is
bacteria
contaminated or viruses
with
FIRST AID
1.Help the p e r s o n to lie d o wn a n d rest
2.Give him plenty of flavourless fluids
to drink a n d a bowl to u s e if h e
vomits
3. Call for medical help if the
condition worsen
 CHOKING
Results when a foreign object blocks the throat

FIRST AID
1.Ask the p e r s o n if h e is choking
2. E n c o u r a g e him/her to c o u g h
3.When the p e r s o n c a n n o t s p e a k or stops coughing, give him five b a c k blows. Stand
behind him a n d help him lean forward. Support his chest with o n e hand, a n d give five
s h a r p blows between the shoulder bl ades with the heel of your h a n d
4.I f b a c k blows fail, try a b d o m i n a l thrusts. Stand behind the p e r s o n a n d put your a r m s
a r o u n d the upper part of his abdomen. Clench your fist with thumbs inward. Place it
between navel a n d the bottom of breastbone. G r a s p your fist with your other hand.
Pull sharply inwards a n d up wa r d s u p to five times.
5.C h e c k his mouth. I f obstruction is not cleared, repeat the b a c k blows a n d
ab d o mi na l thrusts.
6. I f obstruction still h a s not cleared, call for a n ambulance. Continue until help arrives
DROWNING
H a p p e n s when air c a n n o t get into the
lungs b e c a u s e of water. It c a n c a u s e
immediate death when taken for granted

FIRST AID
1.Lay the p e r s o n d o w n o n his b a c k
2. C h e c k breathing a n d o p e n airway
3. Give r e s c u e breaths a n d chest
compression, if n e c e s s a r y
4.I f the p e r s o n is breathing, p l a c e him in the
recovery position
5.Treat for hypothermia by removing wet clothing
and covering him with a dry blanke
HEART ATTACK
I s c a u s e d by a s u d d e n obstruction of
blood supply to the part of the heart
muscles
FIRST AID
1.Help the p e r s o n sit or lie d o w n with
h e a d elevated.
2.Call for medical help
3.I f the p e r s o n is conscious, give him a full-
dose aspirin a n d advise him to c hew it
slowly
4.Constantly monitor the vital signs. Be
p r e p a r e d to give r e s c u e breaths a n d
chest c o m p r e s s i o n
CHEMICAL
BURNS
M a y o c c u r when electricity p a s s e s
through the b o d y

FIRST AID
1.M a k e sure that contact with electrical s o u r c e is broken
2.Flood the sites of injury at the entry a n d exit points of
the current with plenty of cold water
3.Wear disposable gloves a n d p l a c e a sterile dressing or
a b a n d a g e over the burn to protect it from airborne
infection
4.Call for medical help 5. Reassure the victim a n d treat
for s h o c k
BURN
S Are often d u e to domestic incidents s u c h a s touching a
hot iron, friction (rope burn) or spilling boiling water o n
the skin

FIRST AID
M I N O R BURNS
1.Flood the injured a r e a with cold water
for at
least ho w lo ng to stop the burning
a n d relieve pain
2.Put o n gloves a n d c o v e r the a r e a
with sterile
non
BURN
S Are often d u e to domestic incidents s u c h a s touching a
hot iron, friction (rope burn) or spilling boiling water o n
the skin

FIRST AID
SEVERE BURNS
1.Help the p e r s o n to lie do w n a n d prevent the burnt a r e a from
c o m i n g into contact with the ground. D o u s e the burn with plenty of
cold liquid
2.Seek for medical assistance. D o not delay medical help
3.Wear disposable gloves a n d gently r em o v e a n y rings, watches,
belts, shoes, or smouldering clothing before the tissues begin to
swell
4.Carefully r em o v e a n y burnt clothing, unless it is sticking o n the skin.
C o v er the burnt a r e a with n o n - adhesive dressing or b a n d a g e
5.Continue to monitor vital signs 6. Reassure casualty a n d treat
 HEAT STROKE
I s c a u s e d by a failure of the “thermostat” in the brain to regulate
b o d y temperature. When this happens, the b o d y b e c o m e s seriously
heated

FIRST AID
1.Mo ve the p e r s o n immediately to a c o o l pl ace
2.Remove a s m u c h of his outer clothing a s possible
3.Call for medical help
4.Wrap the p e r s o n in a cold, wet sheet a n d keep
the sheet wet until his temperature d r o p s to 38
°C or
37.5°C under the tongue a n d armpit, respectively
5.I f the p e r s o n h a s returned to normal
temperature, replace wet sheet with dry o n e
6.Monitor vital signs until help arrives
7. I f temperature rises, repeat the cooling p r o c e s s
STROKE
I s a condition in which the bloo d supply to a part of the brain is
suddenly a n d seriously impaired by a bloo d clot or ruptured
blood vessel

FIRST AID
1.I f the p e r s o n is conscious, help him to lie do w n with his
h e a d a n d shoulders slightly raised a n d supported
2.Incline his h e a d to the affected side a n d p l ac e a towel o n
his shoulder to a b s o r b a n y dribbling .
3.Call for help
4.L o o s e n a n y tight clothing
5.Monitor vital signs a n d reassure the victim
6.I f the victim is unconscious, give r es c u e breathing a n d
chest c o m p r e s s io n
7.Call for a n a m b u l a n c e or call for help
REFLECTION
QUESTION

1. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS

THE ESSENCE OF
LEARNING FIRST-AID
PROCEDURES IN OUR
DAILY LIVES?
GROUP TASK
1. Each group will be given a unintentional injury.
2. Apply the process of first aid for a
selected unintentional injury.
3. Role-play the scenario with one or
more members of your family as a victim.

Correctness of Procedures 60%

Observance of Safety
FamiLy InvoLvement 30%
TotaL 10%
100%