HYDRAULIC

INSTRUMENTATION AND
CONTROL
 What is Hydraulics?
• from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water', and αὐλός (aulós) 'pipe
’)-is a technology and applied science using engineering,
chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties
and use of liquids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid
counterpart of pneumatics, which concerns gases.
• Hydraulic systems use fluids to move energy from a
motor to an actuator. The fluid is basically
incompressible so the fluid path is flexible. This is
similar to the way an electric cable is flexible.
 DID YOU KNOW?

• The word "hydraulics" originates from the ancient Greek word "hydraulikos"
meaning water (hydor) pipe (aulos).
• Hydraulic technology has come a long way since then and can be found being used in a
wide variety of applications every day, across the world.
 HISTORY OF
HYDRAULIC
HYDRAULICS IS THE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED
SCIENCE, THAT USES FLUID FOR POWER.
THE FIRST HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DATE BACK
THOUSANDS OF YEARS, WITH IRRIGATION AND
WATER CLOCKS BEING USED BY ANCIENT
GREEKS AND EGYPTIANS, AS EARLY AS 600 BC.
 ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGES

• ADVANTAGE:
• Firstly, its simple levers and push buttons make it easy to start, stop, accelerate and
decelerate. Also, because it is such a fluid system, without any cumbersome gears,
pulleys or levers, it easily copes with a huge weight range. For the most part,
hydraulic systems are simple, safe and economical because they use fewer moving
parts compared to mechanical and electrical systems, which makes them easier to
maintain. Hydraulic systems are safe to use in chemical plants and mines because
they do not cause sparks.
DISADVANTAGE:
Hydraulic systems also have some drawbacks. Handling hydraulic fluids is messy, and it
can be difficult to totally get rid of leaks in a hydraulic system. If hydraulic fluid leaks in
hot areas, it may catch fire. If hydraulic lines burst, they can cause serious injuries. Take
care when handling hydraulic fluids, as too much exposure can lead to health issues.
Hydraulic fluids are also corrosive, but some types are less so than others.
For example, two main types of brake fluid are available for hydraulic mountain bikes,
DOT fluid and mineral oil. Due to its non-corrosive properties, mineral oil is less likely
to destroy a bike's paintwork. To keep your hydraulic system in its prime, periodically
check hydraulic systems for leaks, lubricate when necessary, and change filters and seals
as required.
• Who invented hydraulics?
• It's difficult to pinpoint who exactly invented hydraulics. However, the use
of hydraulics-based systems can be traced all the way back to the 1st
century.
• Blaise Pascal, a French physicist, mathematician, inventor, philosopher
and theologian made notable achievements in the fields of hydrostatics
and hydrodynamics and is credited with the invention of the first hydraulic
press, which used hydraulic pressure to multiply forces.
• He invented Pascal's law, or the Pascal principle of hydrostatics.
5 Most common example of hydraulics system:
• 1. Hydraulic Pumps.
• 2. Hydraulic Motors and Cylinders
• 3. Aviation Hydraulic System
• 4. Open Center Hydraulic System
• 5. Closed-Loop Hydraulic system
• Hydraulic Cylinders
• A hydraulic cylinder is a mechanism that converts energy stored in
the hydraulic fluid into a force used to move the cylinder in a linear
direction. It too has many applications and can be either single
acting or double acting. As part of the complete hydraulic system,
the cylinders initiate the pressure of the fluid, the flow of which is
regulated by a hydraulic motor.
• The system of a hydraulic circuit works similar to electric circuit
theory, using linear and discrete elements. Hydraulic circuits are
often applied in chemical processing (flow systems).
• Hydraulic Pumps
• Mechanical power is converted into hydraulic energy using the
flow and pressure of a hydraulic pump. Hydraulic pumps operate
by creating a vacuum at a pump inlet, forcing liquid from a
reservoir into an inlet line, and to the pump. Mechanical action
sends the liquid to the pump outlet, and as it does, forces it into
the hydraulic system.
THANK YOU…….