Mitosis

Interphase
The cell prepares for division

● Animal & Plant Cell

○ DNA replication
(copied)
○ new organelles
(synthesis)
○ Cell increases in size
(growth)
○ Cell spends most time
here
Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Mitosis – division of the nucleus into 2 nuclei,
each with the same number of chromosomes
• Mitosis occurs in all the somatic (body) cells
So each new daughter cell
Why does mitosis occur? has nucleus with a
complete set of
chromosomes
• 4 phases of nuclear division (mitosis), directed
by the cell’s DNA (PMAT)
Prophase Metaphase—(Middle)

Anaphase—(Apart)

Anaphase—(Apart) Telophase—(Two)
Prophase

· Chromosomes coil
up
· Nuclear envelope
disappears
· Spindle fibers form
 Prophase
The cell prepares for nuclear division

● Animal & Plant Cell

○ Chromosomes appear
○ Centrioles separate &
spindles form
○ Nuclear envelope
disappears
Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Metaphase—(Middle)

· Chromosomes line up
in middle of cell
· Spindle fibers connect
to chromosomes
Metaphase: The cell prepares
chromosomes for division
● Animal & Plant Cell
○ Chromosomes line up
at the middle of the cell
○ Spindle fibers attach to
chromosomes at the
centromere
○ SHORTEST phase of
mitosis
Metaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Anaphase—(Apart)

· Chromosome
copies divide
· Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes to
opposite poles
Anaphase
The chromosomes divide

● Animal & Plant Cell

○ Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart
○ ½ of each
chromosome (called
chromatid) moves to
poles of cells
Anaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Telophase—(Two)
· Chromosomes uncoil
· Nuclear envelopes
form
· 2 new nuclei are
formed
· Spindle fibers
disappear
 Telophase
The cytoplasm divides
● Animal Cell ● Plant Cell
○ DNA uncoils & ○ DNA uncoils &
appears as chromatin appears as chromatin
again again
○ 2 nuclei form ○ 2 nuclei form
○ Cell membrane ○ New cell wall forms
pinches in to form between two nuclei to
the 2 new daughter form the 2 new
cells daughter cells
Telophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase Interphase
Cytokinesis — the division of the rest of the cell
(cytoplasm and organelles) after the nucleus
divides
In animal cells the cytoplasm
pinches in

In plant cells a cell plate forms

• After mitosis and cytokinesis, the cell returns to

Interphase to continue to grow and perform
regular cell activities
Cytokinesis

● Division of the
cytoplasm- creating 2
new cells
● Begins in telophase

● In animals- look for

cleavage furrow
● In plants- look for a
cell plate
Summary: Cell Cycle

Interphase Mitosis (PMAT) Cytokinesis

• When cells become old or damaged, they die and

are replaced with new cells
 PDN

● Watch the following video and answer

the below questions
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=9db44fBrW
rE

1. What is meant by cell specialization?

2. What are stem cells?
3. What are stem cells used for?
4. Name the two types of stem cells.
5. Where are stem cells harvested (taken
from)?
ACTIVITY

1. What is cancer?
2. Explain the difference
between a benign and
malignant tumour.
3. How does a tumour influence
the tissues where it develops?
4. What does metastasis mean?
5. What do we call substances
that cause cancer? Name 3
6. Name 3 ways of treating
cancer.
Cell Division Control
• DNA controls all cell
activities including cell
division
• Some cells lose their ability
to control their rate of cell
division – the DNA of
these cells has become
damaged or changed
(mutated)
• These super-dividing cells
form masses called tumors
• Benign tumors are not cancerous – these cells do
not spread to other parts of the body
• Malignant tumors are cancerous – these cells
break loose and can invade and destroy healthy
tissue in other parts of the body (called
metastasis)
• Cancer is not just one
disease, but many
diseases – over 100
different types of
cancers
 Chromosome
Phase Appearance & Location Important Events

DNA replication, cell

Interphase DNA copies itself;
grows and replicates
chromatin
organelles
Nuclear envelope
Prophase Chromosomes coil up disappears, spindle
fibers form
Chromosomes line up in Spindle fibers connect
Metaphase
the middle to chromosomes

Chromosome copies Spindle fibers pull

Anaphase divide and move apart chromosome copies
apart to opposite poles
Nuclear envelopes
Telophase Chromosomes uncoil
reform, 2 new nuclei
back into chromatin
are formed, spindle
fibers disappear
Division of the rest of
Cytokinesis Chromati the cell: cytoplasm and
n organelles