ITEC66

INFORMATION
ASSURANCE AND
SECURITY 2
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Data Center
-is a centralized repository, either physical or virtual, for the storage,
management, and dissemination of data and information organized around a
particular body of knowledge or pertaining to a particular business.

-is a secure physical space that houses Mainframes, Servers, Disks,

Routers/Switches and other computer related hardware.
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Data Center
Central Processing Units (CPU's) - this is the brains of the data center, and is
made up of literally thousands of processors that perform the work needed by
the business.

Storage - this is static storage (storage that maintains its contents even after the
power is removed) the system has at its disposal. This is typically a combination
of hard disk drives (regular storage), solid state drives (high-speed storage), and
tape drives (backup).
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Data Center
Communications - Depending on the age of the data center, this can consist of
modems (telephone line communications), datasets (dedicated telephone line
communications), traditional networking (what you're likely familiar with), and
high-speed networking (fiber optics or similar).

Software - this is the programming that the business needs to operate.

Generally, this falls into two categories. First, there is infrastructure software.
Things like the tools used to manage the hardware, database management
systems, email systems, and such. Second is application software. These are the
programs that employees typically use on a day-to-day basis. Microsoft Office
immediately comes to mind.
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Data Center
-Large server and storage farms with 1000s of servers and many TBs or PBs of
data.

-It is used by enterprises for server applications and Internet companies. Some
of the biggest DCs are owned by Google, Facebook, etc.
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Data Center
-Giant warehouse filled with:
Racks of servers
Storage arrays
Network switches

 Cooling infrastructure
 Power converters
 Backup generators
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Data Center
Rack
-Typically is 19 or 23 inches wide
-Typically 42 U (U is a Rack Unit - 1.75 inches)
-row/cluster for 30+ racks

Servers
-Typical server: 2U
Networks
-Typical network: 1U
 8-128 core
 72 - 10GB
 DRAM: 32-512 GB
 30 drives
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Modular Data Center
-Use shipping containers and each container filled
with thousands of servers.

-Can easily add new containers because it is “Plug

and play”, just add electricity.

-Allows data center to be easily expanded, pre-

assembled and cheaper.
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Traditional vs Modern
 Traditional
-static
-Applications run on physical servers.
-System admin monitor and manually manage servers
-Use Storage Array Networks (SAN) or Network Attached
-Storage to hold data
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Traditional vs Modern
 Modern
-dynamic and large scale
-run applications inside virtual machines
-flexible mapping form virtual to physical resources
-Increased automation allows larger scale
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Data Center Architecture
-is a description of the organization or arrangement of the computing resources
(CPU's, storage, communications, and software) that a data center contains. As
you might imagine, there are virtually an unlimited number of data center
architectures possible. This is only limited by the number of each resource a
business can afford to include. Still, we generally don't talk about data center
architectures in terms of the possible variations, but rather, in terms of their
basic use.
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Data Center Architecture Components
 Data Center Computing
-Servers are the engines of the data center. On servers, the processing and
memory used to run applications may be physical, virtualized, distributed across
containers, or distributed among remote nodes in an edge computing model.
Data centers must use processors that are best suited for the task, e.g. general
purpose CPUs may not be the best choice to solve artificial intelligence (AI) and
machine learning (ML) problems.
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Data Center Architecture Components
 Data Center Storage
-Data centers host large quantities of sensitive information, both for their own
purposes and the needs of their customers. Decreasing costs of storage media
increases the amount of storage available for backing up the data either locally,
remote, or both. Advancements in non-volatile storage media lowers data access
times. In addition, as in any other thing that is software-defined, software-
defined storage technologies increase staff efficiency for managing a storage
system.
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Data Center Architecture Components
 Data Center Networks
-Datacenter network equipment includes cabling, switches, routers, and
firewalls that connect servers together and to the outside world. Properly
configured and structured, they can manage high volumes of traffic without
compromising performance. A typical three-tier network topology is made up of
core switches at the edge connecting the data center to the Internet and a middle
aggregate layer that connects the core layer to the access layer where the servers
reside. Advancements, such as hyperscale network security and software-
defined networking, bring cloud-level agility and scalability to on-premises
networks.
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Data Center Management
-involves ensuring the reliability of both the connections to the data center as
well as the mission-critical information contained within the data center's
storage. It also entails efficiently placing application workloads on the most
cost-effective compute resource available.

Data Center Goals

 Business continuance
 Increased security in the Data Center
 Application, server, and Data Center consolidation
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Data Center Goals
 Integration of applications whether client/server and multitier (n-tier), or web
 services-related applications
 Storage consolidation.

Design Criteria
• Availability
• Scalability
• Security
• Performance
• Manageability
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Data Center Goals
These design criteria are applied to these distinct functional areas of a Data Center
network:
 Infrastructure service - Routing, switching, and server-farm architecture
 Application services - Load balancing, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) offloading, and
caching
 Security services - Packet filtering and inspection, intrusion detection, and intrusion
prevention
 Storage services - SAN architecture, Fibre Channel switching, backup, and archival
 Business continuance - SAN extension, site selection, and Data Center
interconnectivity.
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Data Center Challenges
 Resource management
-How to efficiently use server and storage resources?
-Many apps have variable, unpredictable workloads
-Want high performance and low cost
-Automated resource management
-Performance profiling and prediction

 Energy Efficiency
-Servers consume huge amounts of energy
-Want to be “green”
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Data Center Costs
-Running a data center is expensive
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