ECOSYSTEM

SMA PRADITA DIRGANTARA

ECOSYSTEMS
EARTH, The Habitable Planet
Consist Of:
o Living Organisms (Animals, Plants, Fungi, Bacteria,
Protist)
o Non-living Environments (Soil, Air, Water, Minerals,
sunlight, temperature, pH, Humidity, inorganic
substances).
Have you ever think:
o How many species that live on earth?
o How can soil quality, air quality, and water quality determine
which organisms thrive in particular areas?
Two Main Components of an Ecosystem
Biotic Components, consists of the living parts of the environment, including the association of a
lot of interrelated populations that belong to different species inhabiting a common environment.
Biotic components includes:
1. Autotroph Organisms, such as plants, cyanobacteria, green algae.
2. Heterotroph organisms, such as animals, microorganisms. They play a role as consumer,
decomposer, and detritivore.

Abiotic Components, include the non-living or physico-chemical factors like air, soil, water and the
basic compounds and elements of the environment.
Abiotic Factors includes:
3. Climatic Factors, such as light intensity, temperature, wind, humidity.
4. Edaphic Factors, such as soil type, organic matter, minerals, pH
5. Inorganics Substance, such as water, carbon, Sulphur, phosphorus, nitrogen
There’ are some interaction between living creatures

1. Predation
2. Competition
3. Mutualism
4. Parasitism
5. Comensalism
Energy Flows
• How the autotroph organisms
get their food?
• How the heterotroph
organisms get their food?
Pyramid of Energy
• In a pyramid of energy, each level represent the
amount of energy that is available to that trophic
level.
• The pyramid of energy always upright and vertical.
• This pyramid shows the flow of energy at different
trophic levels.
• At each trophic level, there is successive loss of
energy in the form of heat and respiration, etc.
Pyramid of Number
In a pyramid of number, each level represent the number
of individual organisms consumed by the level above it.
Pyramid of Biomass
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle

Some Microorganisms
that play a role in
Nitrogen Cycke are:
Nitrosococcus
Nitrosomonas
Nitrobacter
Phosphorus Cycle
Water Cycle
Community Dynamics
Primary Succession
Community Dynamics
Secondary Succession
Question 1
• What do you know about succession? What is the difference between primary succession
and secondary succession? Explain the process of forming a climax community in both
successions.
Question 2
Pernyataan True / False
Energi yang diterima ular sebagai konsumen sekunder
adalah 100 Kcal.
T
Sebesar 90% energi yang terbuang ke lingkungan dan 10% F
akan diteruskan ke tingkat trofik yang lebih tinggi.
Energi yang diterima kelinci sebagai konsumen primer F
adalah 9.000 Kcal.

Energi yang diterima oleh burung elang sebagai F

konsumen tersier adalah 1000 Kcal.
Tingkat trofik tertinggi akan menerima energi pal- T
ing sedikit dalam suatu ekosistem.
Question 3
Pernyataan True / False

Karbon yang dilepaskan ke tanah berasal dari

organisme autotroph dan heterotrof
T
Nutrien berpindah dari tumbuhan ke tanah
dalam bentuk seresah T

Karbon di atmosfer digunakan oleh hewan untuk

menyusun biomassa.
T
Tumbuhan menyerap nitrogen dalam bentuk
Nitrat untuk sintesis asam amino. T

Tanah di daerah tropis dan subtropics memiliki

nutrisi yang sama. F