4C An ulLlmaLe Moblle SoluLlon

8y Aman !aln
18!03LC003
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ueparLmenL of LlecLronlcs and
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erlew
W W|re|ess Iuture Lvo|ut|on 3G
W 4G Mob||e 1echno|ogy
W Mot|vat|on for 4G kesearch 8efore 3G nas Not 8een Dep|oyed?
W Cb[ect|ves
W Approaches
W What |s needed to 8u||d 4G Networks of Iuture?
W 1nL CkLW CUkkLN1 kD
W W|re|ess Iuture Issues and 1hreats
W Deve|opments] Industry In|t|at|ves
W App||cat|ons
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Introduct|on
W MoblllLy ls one of Lhe mosL lnlgoraLlng
feaLures halng an enormous lmpacL on how
communlcaLlon ls eollng lnLo Lhe fuLure
W MoblllLy ln 4C neLworks requlres new leel of
moblllLy supporL as compared Lo LradlLlonal
moblllLy
W 1hls relew alms Lo ldenLlfy and explore Lhe
dlfferenL lssues and challenges relaLed Lo
moblllLy managemenL ln 4C neLworks
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0C
W Palfduplex llnes
ne speaks Lhe oLher cannoL speak
W ushLoLalk proLocol (11)
W volce only
W 1woway radlo / Walkle1alkles"
W Moblle 1elephone SysLem (M1S)
W 1946 M1S
W 1962 lM1S
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1C
W Analog cell phones
W volce only
W 1980s Lo 1990s
W nM1 (nordlc Moblle 1elephone)
W AMS (Adanced Moblle hone SysLem)
W roblem wlLh analog
noL encrypLed
rone Lo dlsLorLlons
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2C
W 1991
ulglLal neLworks
SMS
W Malnly clrculLswlLched
W MulLlplexlng 1uMA and CuMA
W SLandards CSM luLn
W 1999 23C
C8S
W uaLa raLe up Lo 128 kb/s
LuCL
W uaLa raLe up Lo 384 kb/s
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3C
W Comblnes wlLh l based serlces
W vldeoconferenclng
Muslc downloadlng?
W 1ransfer of daLa
Lmalls
uocumenLs
W CuMA2000 uM1S WCuMA
W roblem
ulfferenL places dlfferenL alr lnLerfaces
CosL of deploylng
lnLerneL emall fax ecommerce muslc ldeo cllps and
ldeoconferenclng
W &%$ UNIVERSAL MOBILE
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
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4C
W LxpecLed ln 2010
Moblle mulLlmedla AnyLlme anywhere Global
supporL InLegraLed wlreless soluLlon
CusLomlzed personal serlce
W WlMAx
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W|re|ess Iuture Lvo|ut|on 3G (3rd
generat|on of mob||e networks)
W 1he 1hlrd CeneraLlon of moblle communlcaLlons
sysLems wlll soon be lmplemenLed
W lollowlng on Lhe heals of analog and dlglLal
Lechnology Lhe 1hlrd CeneraLlon wlll be dlglLal
moblle mulLlmedla offerlng broadband moblle
communlcaLlons wlLh olce ldeo graphlcs
audlo and oLher lnformaLlon
W ln facL ln counLrles such as !apan SouLh korea
and Slngapore 3C neLworks are already deployed
and belng used
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LoluLlon of Lhe Moblle 1echnologles
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WhaL ls 4C anyway?
4C refers Lo Lhe nexL generaLlon of wlreless
Lechnology LhaL promlses hlgher daLa raLes and expanded
mulLlmedla serlces
1he 4C ls deflned as a compleLely new fully l
based lnLegraLed sysLem of sysLems and neLwork of
neLworks achleed afLer conergence of wlred and wlreless
neLworks as well as compuLers consumer elecLronlcs and
communlcaLlon Lechnology and seeral oLher conergences
LhaL wlll be capable Lo prolde 100 Mbps and 1 Cbps
respecLlely ln ouLdoor and lndoor enlronmenLs wlLh end
Loend CoS and hlgh securlLy offerlng any klnd of serlces
aL any Llme as per user requlremenLs anywhere wlLh
seamless lnLeroperablllLy always on affordable cosL one
bllllng and fully persona||zed
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CeneraLlon erlew
1echno/oqy G 2G 2SG 3G 4G
lltst Jeslqo 1970 1980 1983 1990 2000
eeototloo 1982 1991 1999 2002 2010?
5etvlce Analog olce ulglLal olce
SMS
ackaged daLa 8roadband
daLa up Lo 2
mb/s
lorlenLed
unllmlLed
mulLlmedla
daLa
5tooJotJs AMS 1uMA CuMA
CSM
C8S LuCL Lvu
WCuMA
PSuA
WlMAx
PSA
uoto booJwlJtb 19 kbps 144 kbps 384 kbps 2 mbps 200 mbps
13
Comparlslon of 4C wlLh 3C
Moblle 1echnologles
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Ma[or requ|rement dr|v|ng
arch|tecture
3G (Inc|ud|ng 2SG Sub3G) 4G
Predominantly voice driven; data was al
ways add on
Converged data and voice over IP
NetworkArchitecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid: Integration oI
wireless LAN (WiFi,
Bluetooth) and wide area
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
Frequency Band Dependent on country or
continent (18002400 MHz)
Higher Irequency bands (2-8 GHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice
Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA(Multi Carrier
CDMA)
Forward Error Correction Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding scheme
Ma[or requ|rement dr|v|ng
arch|tecture
3G (Inc|ud|ng 2SG Sub3G) 4G
Component Design Optimized antenna design, multi-
band adapters
Smarter Antennas, soItware multiband an
d wideband radios
IP Anumber oI air link protocols,
including IP 5.0
All IP (IPv6)
Standard WCDMA, CDMA2000 Single Standard
Multiplexing CDMA CDMA
Core Network Packet Network Internet
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Mot|vat|on for 4G kesearch 8efore 3G nas Not 8een
Dep|oyed?
W 3C performance may noL be sufflclenL Lo meeL needs of fuLure
hlghperformance appllcaLlons llke mulLlmedla fullmoLlon ldeo
wlreless Leleconferenclng We need a neLwork Lechnology LhaL
exLends 3C capaclLy by an order of magnlLude
W 1here are mulLlple sLandards for 3C maklng lL dlfflculL Lo roam and
lnLeroperaLe across neLworks we need global moblllLy and serlce
porLablllLy
W ulfflculLy ln conLlnuously lncreaslng bandwldLh and hlgh daLa raLe
Lo meeL mulLlmedla serlces requlremenLs LogeLher wlLh Lhe
coexlsLence of dlfferenL serlces needlng dlfferenL CoS
W We need wlder bandwldLh
W We need all dlglLal packeL neLwork LhaL uLlllzes l ln lLs fullesL form
wlLh conerged olce and daLa capablllLy
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S?S1LM A8CPl1LC1u8L
W neLwork conflguraLlon
W 8An conflguraLlon
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neLwork ConflguraLlon
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b[ecLles
1he 4C worklng group has deflned Lhe followlng as ob[ecLles of
Lhe 4C wlreless communlcaLlon sLandard
W A specLrally efflclenL sysLem (ln blLs/s/Pz and blLs/s/Pz/slLe)
W Plgh neLwork capaclLy more slmulLaneous users per cell
W A nomlnal daLa raLe of 100 MblL/s whlle Lhe cllenL physlcally moes aL hlgh
speeds relaLle Lo Lhe sLaLlon and 1 CblL/s whlle cllenL and sLaLlon are ln
relaLlely flxed poslLlons as deflned by Lhe l1u8
W A daLa raLe of aL leasL 100 MblL/s beLween any Lwo polnLs ln Lhe world
W SmooLh handoff across heLerogeneous neLworks
W Seamless connecLllLy and global roamlng across mulLlple neLworks
W lnLeroperablllLy wlLh exlsLlng wlreless sLandards and
W An all l packeL swlLched neLwork
ln summary Lhe 4C sysLem should dynamlcally share and uLlllse
neLwork resources Lo meeL Lhe mlnlmal requlremenLs of all Lhe 4C
enabled users
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Approaches
Cons|derat|on po|nts
W Coerage radlo enlronmenL specLrum
serlces buslness models and deploymenL
Lypes users
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8efresher
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rlnclpal 1echnologles
W 8aseband Lechnlques
9
luM 1o explolL Lhe frequency selecLle channel properLy
MlM 1o aLLaln ulLra hlgh specLral efflclency
1urbo prlnclple 1o mlnlmlze Lhe requlred Sn8 aL Lhe recepLlon slde
W AdapLle radlo lnLerface
W ModulaLlon spaLlal processlng lncludlng mulLlanLenna and mulLluser MlM
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Crthogona| frequencyd|v|s|on
mu|t|p|ex|ng (CIDM)
W 1ransmlsslon Lechnlque based on
luM
W ln luM
MulLlple slgnals are senL ouL aL
Lhe same Llme buL on dlfferenL
frequencles
W ln luM
A slngle LransmlLLer LransmlLs
on many dlfferenL orLhogonal
(lndependenL) frequencles
(Lyplcally dozens Lo Lhousands)
lrequencles closely spaced
Lach only has room for
narrowband slgnal
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Crthogona| frequencyd|v|s|on
mu|t|p|ex|ng (CIDM)
Advantage of CIDM
W Plgh specLrum efflclency
W 8eslsLance agalnsL
mulLlpaLh lnLerference
W Lase of fllLerlng ouL nolse
W Comblnlng luM
Lechnlque wlLh oLher
Lechnlques (posslble Lo
achlee more adanLages
eg MCCuMA)
D|sadvantage of CIDM
W Suffers from Llme
arlaLlons ln Lhe channel
seerely degrades
performance
W ClrculLry musL be ery
llnear
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Components Access schemes
W 8ecenLly new access schemes llke rLhogonal luMA
(luMA) Slngle Carrler luMA (SCluMA) lnLerleaed
luMA and MulLlcarrler code dllslon mulLlple access (MC
CuMA) are galnlng more lmporLance for Lhe nexL
generaLlon sysLems
W WlMax ls uslng luMA ln Lhe downllnk and ln Lhe upllnk
lor Lhe nexL generaLlon uM1S luMA ls belng consldered
for Lhe downllnk
W 8y conLrasL lluMA ls belng consldered for Lhe upllnk slnce
luMA conLrlbuLes more Lo Lhe A8 relaLed lssues and
resulLs ln nonllnear operaLlon of ampllflers
W lluMA proldes less power flucLuaLlon and Lhus aolds
ampllfler lssues
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Components IV6
W 8y Lhe Llme LhaL 4C ls deployed Lhe process of l4
address exhausLlon ls expecLed Lo be ln lLs flnal sLages
W 1herefore ln Lhe conLexL of 4C l6 supporL ls
essenLlal ln order Lo supporL a large number of
wlrelessenabled delces
W 8y lncreaslng Lhe number of l addresses l6
remoes Lhe need for neLwork Address 1ranslaLlon
(nA1) a meLhod of sharlng a llmlLed number of
addresses among a larger group of delces
W ln Lhe conLexL of 4C l6 also enables a number of
appllcaLlons wlLh beLLer mulLlcasL securlLy and rouLe
opLlmlzaLlon capablllLles
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Components Advanced Antenna
Systems
W 1ransmlLLlng recellng anLennas
W 8esole problem of dlmlnlshlng specLrum aallablllLy
W uoesn'L requlre lncrease power or addlLlonal frequency
W llx no of beams LhaL can be selecLed Lo follow delces as lL
moes abouL
W AdanLages
Increased capac|ty
Increased range
Less power use for transm|ss|on
keduct|ons |n handoff rate
New serv|ces
Increase secur|ty
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Components SoftwareDef|ned kad|o (SDk)
W Su8 ls one form of open wlreless archlLecLure
(WA)
W Slnce 4C ls a collecLlon of wlreless sLandards
Lhe flnal form of a 4C delce wlll consLlLuLe
arlous sLandards 1hls can be efflclenLly
reallzed uslng Su8 Lechnology whlch ls
caLegorlzed Lo Lhe area of Lhe radlo
conergence
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What |s needed to 8u||d 4G Networks of Iuture?
W Lower r|ce o|nts Cn|y S||ght|y n|gher than
A|ternat|ves
W More Coord|nat|on Among Spectrum kegu|ators
Around the Wor|d
W More Academ|c kesearch
W Standard|zat|on of w|re|ess networks
W A Vo|ce|ndependent 8us|ness Iust|f|cat|on
1h|nk|ng
W Integrat|on Across D|fferent Network 1opo|og|es
W Nond|srupt|ve Imp|ementat|on
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1nL CkLW CUkkLN1 kD
W AlcaLel Lrlcsson MoLorola nokla and Slemens
founded Lhe Wlreless World 8esearch lorum (WW8l)
ln early 2001 (wwwwlrelessworldresearchorg)
W 1haL forums ob[ecLle ls Lo formulaLe lslons on
sLraLeglc fuLure research dlrecLlons for Lhe wlreless
fleld
W 1he Llmeframe for Lhese reflecLlons ls ln Lhe range of 7
Lo 12 years from now 1he maln dellerables of Lhe
WW8l are whlLe papers on emerglngLechnology
Loplcs and lLs semlnal 8ook of vlslons
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W|re|ess Iuture Issues and 1hreats
W W|re|ess Spam
W Secur|ty
W Lack of Standards
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Deve|opments] Industry In|t|at|ves
W 1he !apanese company n11 uoCoMo has been LesLlng a 4C
communlcaLlon sysLem proLoLype wlLh 4x4 MlM called vSl
lCuM aL 100 MblL/s whlle molng and 1 CblL/s whlle sLaLlonary
W ulglweb an lrlsh flxed and wlreless broadband company has
announced LhaL Lhey hae receled a moblle communlcaLlons
llcense from Lhe lrlsh 1elecoms regulaLor Com8eg
W SprlnL plans Lo launch 4C serlces ln Lrlal markeLs by Lhe end of
2007 wlLh plans Lo deploy a neLwork LhaL reaches as many as 100
mllllon people ln 2008 and has also announced WlMax serlce
called xohm 1esLed ln Chlcago Lhls speed was clocked aL 100
MblL/s
W WW8l (Wlreless World 8esearch lorum) conslsLlng of AlcaLel
Lrlcsson nokla and Slemens hae sLarLed a research forum for 4C
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App||cat|ons
% Lcommerce
% 8uslness/Work
% rlaLe Llfe
% vehlcular
% ubllc lace
% LnLerLalnmenL
% LducaLlon
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keferences
W MoblllLy ManagemenL Challenges and lssues ln 4C PeLerogeneous neLworks
Sadla Pussaln Zara Pamld and naeed S khaLLak ueotteot of cotet 5cleocesMc5 Nu51
loklstoo
W 4C Wlreless SysLems ln vlrLexll by !ames A WaLson Manager AppllcaLlons Lnglneerlng xlllnx
lnc (7/1/01 lssue 40) [lmwaLson[xlllnxcom
W ? 8allo 4C Pype or 8eallLy" ln JC Moble coolcotloo 1ecboooqles Conference
ubllcaLlon Mar2001 no 477 pp 346330
W !anny PuWlllle W Lu pen Wlreless ArchlLecLure 1he Core Lo 4C Moblle CommunlcaLlons" ln
ltoceeJloqs of cc1 2003
W !uuso esola Saml nkanen"LocaLlonalded Pandoer ln PeLerogeneous Wlreless neLworks" ln
Jlteess letsooo coolcotloos volume 30 lssue 24 SepLember 2004
W owoJ btobl (uecebet 2002) 4C leaLures (lul) 8echLel 1eecoolcotloos 1ecbolco
otoo 8eLrleed on 20070326
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W hLLp//wwwwlrelessnewsfacLorcom/perl/sLory/6186hLml
W hLLp//wwwcharmedcom/hLml/press/arLlcles/47hLml
W hLLp//20924914227/nnpm/owa/n8publlcreporLsusageweekly
W wwwgooglecom
W wwwwlklpedlacom
W wwwslldeshareneL
W www4gln
W www.4C.co.uk
W www.futuregenerationresearch.com
W Electronics for u
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1PAnk ?u
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