GREEN MATERIALS

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Group #7 Adarsh Tripathi Amit Bindal Anil Shukla Nitin Sharma Rohit Chugh

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Introduction

OUTLINES

Green Materials & Attributes Current Scenario & new perspective Case 1: Green building Case 2 (Wal Mart Going green) Case 3 (Bio Degradable plastics) Benefits and limitation of Green Materials. Certifying Bodies

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1.

Products Made with Salvaged, Recycled, or Agricultural Waste Content.

What Makes a product Green

1.

Products that Conserve Natural Resources.

2.

Products that Avoid Toxic or Other Emissions.

3.

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Products that Save Energy or Water.

Attributes of Green Materials

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New Perspective

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Some Things We May Want To Write Off:

Vinyl-based products Products containing heavy metals and arsenic Products containing halogenated fire-retardants Products that emit excessive amounts of formaldehyde Appliances that contain HCFCs and do 5/5/12 not meet the standards

CASE 1 GREEN BUILDING

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Current Scenario: Not A Pretty Picture

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CASE 2 GREEN MATERIALS AT WALMART

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The Green Screen Method

Defines green chemicals Focuses on hazards (not risks) Scientifically rigorous Builds on USEPA Design for the Environment hazard assessment protocols Open, transparent and publicly available Highly protective of human health and the environment Drives continuous improvement and innovation

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The Green Screen Meets Many Needs

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The Green Screen Benchmarks Chemicals into 4 Categories Based on Hazard Endpoints and Levels of Concern

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Benchmark 4

Prefer Safer Chemical

Benchmark 3 Use but Still Opportunity for Improvement

Benchmark 2 Use but Search for Safer Substitutes

Benchmark 1 Avoid Chemical of High Concern

You really want to blast your way out of this hazard! and get back on course

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Principles: How to Operationalize these Principles? for Mother, Child, and the Environment Safe Products
When we suspect that an ingredient in a product or the product itself is capable of causing harm to human health and the environment, we will act to find better alternatives.

We will favor those products that do not contain the following: Chemicals Harmful to Human Health (CMRs) Carcinogens can cause cancer Click to edit Master subtitle style Mutagens can damage genetic material Reproductive Toxicants may affect reproduction or the unborn

Chemicals Harmful to the Environment (PBTs) Persistent do not break down in the environment Bioaccumulative builds up in the food chain Toxic causes death or damage to organisms in the environment 5/5/12 1414

Limitations of Current Business Practices

Current eco-labels, certification and product recognition systems have limited applications both with respect to product numbers and product categories Companies Restricted Substances Lists are good but slow and give no guidance as to what is safer eg: Volvo, Nike, H&M, HP, Dell, Ikea, Skanska Different Company Chemical Screening Protocols 5/5/12 are good! But very limited impact due to

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How Wal-Mart and Its Vendors Might Use the Green Screen

Step 1
Bring up the Bottom Wal-Mart encourages/requires vendors to screen all CIPs against Benchmark 1 criteria to move out of the most hazardous chemicals
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Step 2
Aim for the Top Wal-Mart prefers CIPs that achieve higher levels of the Green Screen (Benchmarks 2 and higher)

How Vendors Demonstrate that They Pass Benchmark 1

1.

Vendors screen all chemicals in their products against Benchmark 1 hazard lists

Providing full ingredient disclosure, (beyond MSDSs) Using specified threshold reporting levels

2.

Vendors have verification options in order to protect their confidential business information:
1. 2. 3. 5/5/12

Use a third-party verifier Use self-verification (for qualified vendors) Use on-line software that protects CBI while screening chemical CAS #s and providing 1717 reports

Benchmark 1 Chemicals of High Concern

For pragmatic reasons, vendors screen their chemical products against US and European Union hazard lists for:
1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

Carcinogens Mutagens Reproductive toxicants Persistent (P), Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) compounds (PBTs) Endocrine disruptors Additional or supplemental chemicals or hazards such as Wal-Marts Priority Chemicals

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CASE 3 BIO DEGRADABLE PLASTICS

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Plastics: Our Formidable Enemy

Plastic is lightweight, able to absorb impact without breaking. Non degradable. Blocks the porosity of the soil and causes problem for groundwater recharge.

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Biodegradability permit degradable plastics to be combined with other biodegradable materials and converted into useful soilimproving materials.
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BDP 2-3 year for degradation

Bio Plastics

Forms of plastics derived from plant sources such as sweet potatoes, sugarcane, hemp oil, soybean oil and corn starch. Environment friendly production results in the emission of less CO2.

Biodegradable, meaning that the material returns to its natural state 5/5/12 when buried in the ground.

Biodegradable Plastics

Plastics which decompose in aerobic (e.g. composting) and anaerobic (e.g. land-fill) environments Enabling micro-organisms in the environment to metabolize the molecular structure of plastic films to produce material, less harmful to the environment
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Examples of Bio-plastic

In contrast to aromatic polyesters, most aliphatic polyesters are biodegradable Hydrolysableesterbonds Naturally Produced: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) like the poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) and polyhydroxyhexanoate (PHH).
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Renewable Resource: Polylactic acid

Alternative Bio Degradable Plastics

Natural polymers BDP: q.Lactic acid Based :Lactic acid is produced by fermentation of sugar. A solvent-free melt process is used to synthesize a lactic acid polymer. q.Cellulose Base (CHO)n :Cellulose consist of linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand glucose units. Cellulose is the structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants. q.Starch Based (CHO)n : Polymers made of at least 90% starch from renewable resources such as corn, potato, wheat or tapioca .By using specific plasticizing solvents, gelatinized starch can be converted into a thermoplastic material. Click to edit Master subtitle style
1.

2. Fossil fuels Based BDP: Polycaprolactone (PCL)

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Uses of Bio-Plastic

Automobile interiors Cases for consumer electronics. Display and exhibition materials Toyota Motor Corp. started using bioplastics as cover for the spare tyre becoming the first automaker in the
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world to use bio-plastics.

BDP consumption will increase by 212.6% by 2013(708 Kton/annum) over 2009.

Current consumption is less than 1%(327 Kton) compare to Plastic.

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Commodity Engineering Specialty Advanced Composites 1960 7000 50 3 0 7000 1979 60000 900 40 1 62000 2000 155000 4500 170 80 160000 2010 287000 12000 400 200 300000 2020 510000 24500 1100 500 538000 AARG 1960-2000 8% 12% 11% 23% 8.2% AARG 2000-2020 6.15% 8.8% 9.8% 9.6% 6.25%

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BDP Manufacturing Requirements Monomers which are vulnerable to micro organism. Incorporation of biodegradable additives or group of polymers.

1.

1.

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Biodegradable Monomers

Acetal Hemiacetal Ether Nitrile Phosphonate Polycyanocrylate

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BENEFITS & LIMITATION OF GREEN MATERIALS

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PHB: Polyhydroxybutyrate PHV: Polyhydroxyvalerate 5/5/12 PLA : Polylactic Acid

ADVANTAGES
1.

Green Materials are easier to recycle & renewable. Effective utilization energy & resources . Green Materials are the good for environment. Not Expensive resources.

2.

3.

4.

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Disadvantages

Surface Texture is not as finish as original paper.

Green materials are breakdown much more quickly than traditional plastic & styrofoam.

Efficiency of the green materials are

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low.

Product Certification

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REFERENCES

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www.science.org. au www.rfsung.org www.zerowaste.c o.nz www.greenplasti

Thank you
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