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MMR
MMR
AIM
To asses the efficiency of airlines with respect to low cost carriers and full service carriers
Introduction
The liberalization movement in global airlines industry was initiated in the late 1980s to create a more competitive environments.
This has aimed to result in an increase in efficiency and productivity of the industry
To survive in this competitive environment, monitoring the competitors efficiency is also crucial.
Efficiency of various airlines operating in USA were assed.
Methodology
This study utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the efficiency of airlines Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a powerful management tool.
Theoretical Framework
1. Reports
Theoretical Framework
Identification Of Variables
1. The researcher identified the variables by literature review and experience . 2. Market potential is a dependent variable. 3. Natural Resources , Socio-Economic and Market Market related are independent Potential variables.
TOTAL NUMBER OF VARIABLES=42 Natural Resources SocioEconomic Grid Market Related E.g. Average Market Growth trend, Average no. of remote sensing data products used/sold in the last 3 years,etc.
M = a1 + 1 X1 + 2 X2 +3 X3 +. +
M= market potential Index X1= Socio-Economic Factor X2= Natural Resources X3= Market Related Grid 1 ,2 and 3 are weights of the respective factors = Error term
Research Design
ProcedureRelationshipStandardizing Associative the Data and relationship Descriptive Measure of Data Method of Kind of Data Gathering CollectedEvidenceQualitative and Questionnaire Quantitative
Type of Research
The method adopted by the researcher to collect data for research is Field Survey research. Questionnaire was made by the researcher ,and it was sent to respondents across the globe(17 countries). This data was later used for descriptive analysis and exploration. The questionnaire was hosted online, by the researcher, for the convenience of the respondents.
Questionnaires were developed using psychometric scaling techniques ,so as to ensure the validity and reliability of the instrument for data collection. Attitudes scales was adopted when necessary, to obtain best estimates of consumer preferences.
Pilot Study
Before administering the survey to respondents, a sample survey
was conducted with the questionnaire for 30 participants, out of which only 15 replied and was used to verify the validity of the questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire means ,the degree to which a test can measure what it is supposed to measure. Validity was tested by Delphi Technique, with experts in the field of Spaceborne Remote sensing technology, Marketing Research and Remote Sensing Business.
To identify if the measurement is free of variable error, Cronbachs Alpha test was used and the reliability of questionnaire was found.
After the study ,few irrelevant variables, questions were eradicated and few were rephrased. Sequence of question was changed and few more questions were added.
Questionnaire
Sample: Section A: Factors influencing use of remote sensing data services.
(1=Strong positive influence, 2=Positive influence,3=no influence, 4= negative influence,5=Strong negative influence.)
Factors
1 Agriculture sector moving the economy 2 Need of increased rail/road/inland waterway transport network
Sampling Process
20 Countries were selected on the basis of existence of Remote sensing business in one way or other.
300 Respondents
Sample Size
After consulting Experts, considering different stake holders and in a view of co-relation type of research a Sample size of 300 was decided.
Sampling Method
used in this research is stratified random sampling method.
Sampling Units
1.Satellite Owner/Operators. 2.Ground Station operators 3.Resellers(buy satellite imageries) 4.Consumers, Etc.
o The data collected in this research was: Number of Players in International Remote Sensing Market, The type of customer that comprise the potential, Review of the prevalent geo-political aspects,etc.
Data Reduction, Coding and Transcribing Indexing and Ranking of Country markets Factor Analysis Regression Analysis
To analyze the data ,statistical package used was SPSS 13.0
Analysis of Data
Weigthtages of each factor were calculated from the primary survey Distribution of the variables (Factors) was identified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test To synthesize 42 variables to 13 variables Factor 1: Industry, Energy Consumption, Border related and Communication Infrastructure. Factor 2: Natural Resources, Energy Reserves, Disaster, Energy Production and Economy. Factor 3: Product Characteristics of customer preferences, No. of Players in the country, Growth rate of remote Sensing market in the country, Present market of remote sensing in the country.
All the scores were standardized by Z-Score and was converted on a scale of 1-100,which are called as Index.
Factor Analysis
Index for all the factors, with respect to all the 17 countries was calculated.
Multiple Linear Regression Model was Tested using the Factors(f1,f2,f3) as independent variables and Market potential as dependent variable.
The model ( adding f1*f2*f3) brings out all the three variables significant , and Indicating 80% variance in the dependent variable (MP), with all the 3 independent factors
Result
The final model build is:
Market Potential (Index) = 1.33 + (0.028)*(PoliticoDevelopment Index) + (0.037)*Geo-Natural Index) + (0.033) *(Market Related Index) 4.9e-006(f1*f2*f3)+
Market Potential Index 1 2 Market Potential Value Upto $1 million $ 1 million to $ 5 million
3
4 5 6 7
Inference
Weightages of three fundamental Dimensions:
Geo-Natural Factor Politico-Development Factor Product-Market related Factor 0.037 0.028 0.033
Natural resources (Geo-Natural) monitoring and Management is the primary application of Remote Sensing data/imagery .
Model Validation
Validation of this model was done as follows: 1. Residuals were, tested if they follow a normal distribution ,if residuals follow a normal distribution than the regression model is right and this was done by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. 2. Test for Homoscedasticity for the residuals. 3. Histogram plot and Normal p-p plot (of residuals) was observed.
Model Verification
Two countries market were considered for verification of this mode , i.e. : India and Germany.
Market Potential Index of India by this model is : 3.81 Corresponding Market Potential estimation:$14.05 million Since the researcher is an expertise in remote Sensing business, he concludes that in India the revenue together of National Remote Sensing Centre an Antrix (Business bodies in India ) will be the fair estimate of India's market Potential. Market Potential Index of Germany by this model is : 4.49 Corresponding Market Potential estimation:$20 million This observation was cross checked and verified by IRS and German Market players.
Contribution
Providing an integrated approach in identifying the market drivers in a less researched area of Spaceborne Remote Sensing business and suggesting a deterministic model for estimating the market potential.
Limitations
The very important assumption made in this research is that ,the Market Potential Index depends only on 3 Factors, viz Geo-Natural factor, Politico-Developmental and Market Related.
There are more than 50 countries where remote sensing market is prevailing ,but due to the limitation in resource the study was made only on 20 countries. The research was carried out only on the Spaceborne remote sensing data product service alone. Value added services were not taken into consideration.
Thesis
The results obtained in this research is presented in thesis ,which is available in library of Management Department in Indian Institute of Science.
Key Findings in Report (thesis) writing of the researcher: 1. Proper writing order (with proper flow in reading). 2. References and Bibliography mentioned in the last part of the thesis. (before the annexure). 3. List of tables is mentioned in start. 4. Annexure was mentioned at the end of the thesis , which included various results and analysis. 5. The language used in thesis was understandable.