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Reviewwe 2 ND
Reviewwe 2 ND
ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS. Primary functions: 1. absorption 2. anchorage Have fine hair like extensions called ROOT HAIRS which arises from specialized cells called TRICHOBLASTS. This increases the area of absorption. All primary tissues aroused from the APICAL MERISTEM
Monocot Root
Fibrous Root System Zea mays Panicum maximum
Without a distinguished
primary/lateral root With secondary roots of roughly the same size Provides plants with stronger anchorage
Dicot Root
Tap root system With a distinguished primary root With secondary or tertiary roots
(absence of pith) Xylem maturation: Exarch (protoxylem sa labas; meta sa gitna) No. of xylem ridges: 4 Wide cortex
Prop roots
For additional support Ficus benjamina
Green roots
For photosynthesis Dendrobium
Pneumatophores
For gas exchange Mangrove species
The Stem
Stem
Longitudinal aerial axis with a tip as a growing point
Primary Meristem
Responsible for increase in plant height or length
Found in the Apical meristem (apex of the stem) Promeristem form primary meristem Procambium Protoderm Ground meristem
Secondary/Lateral Meristem
Responsible in plants increase in width or girth
Secondary/Lateral Meristem Cork cambium or phellogen Vascular cambium
Dicot Stem
Gliricidia sepium Lenticelsfunctions for gas exchange
Monocot stem
Leaf Sheath hides the node; characteristic of monocot stem Intercalary Meristem portion of the node just above the internode; responsible for increase in length of monocot stem.
Shoot Apex
Tunica-several peripheral cell layers;divides anticlinally(perpendicular) Corpus-forms the core of the shoot apex; single cell layer; divides anticlinally and periclinally; causes secondary growth Coleus
Dicot Stem
Stele: Eustele (vascular
bundles enclose the pith) Xylem maturation: Endarch (labas yung meta; loob yung proto)
Dicot Stem
Casparian strips compactly arranged cells of the endodermis (perpendicular to cell surface); composed of fatty substance suberin; prevents the back flow of water Fascicular cambium
Monocot Stem
Stele: atactostele (no
distinct pith and cortex) Vascular bundles are scattered and embedded in the ground tissue pith + cortex
Monocot Stem
Closed Vascular Bundle enclosed by a metaxylem protoxylem bundle sheath lacuna phloem
Periderm Phellem- consists of suberized cork cells Phellogen or cork cambium flattened dividing cells Phelloderm parenchymatous single layer of cells
bark
wood
Additional Support
Tendrils Antigonon leptopus
Storage
Flattened dics Allium cepa
Asexual Reproduction
Runner/stolon Cynodon dactylon Offset Eichhornia crassipes
Photosynthesis
Cladophyll Opuntia
Protection
Thorns Bougainvillea
The Leaf
Leaf
Part of the plant which is green and flattened.
Functions: Photosynthesis Transpiration
Venation Pattern
Parallel (Monocot) Netted (Dicot)
+/- of petiole
Petiolate with petiole Sessile without petiole
+/- of stipule
Stipulate with stipule Exstipulate without
stupules
Overall Shape
Shape of Margin/edge
Shape of Apex
Shape of Base
Composition
Monocot Leaf
Bulliform cells specialized cells that roll/fold when it becomes flaccid. Simple upper epidermis cutinized by waxy substance cutin to avoid drying out and to protect plants from injury Vascular bundle Isolateral mesophyll differentiation
Monocot Leaf
Dicot Leaf
Trichome traps the water vapor that escapes from the stomata
Fleshy leaves
For asexual reproduction Kalachoe pinnata
Bud scales
To protect or cover buds Ficus elastica
Bulb scales
Storage of water Allium cepa
Bracts/Semaphyll
To attract insects
(pollinators)
Mussaenda
Bougainvillea
attracts insects Has slippery mouth Has digestive enzymes that digests the insects Supply of inorganic materials
Nephentes alata
Psuedostem
For support Musa sapientum
Enlarged Petiole
For buoyancy/floatation Eichhornia crassipes
Tendrils
Additional support Coccinea grandis
Spines
Protection Livistonia rotundifolia
Transpiration
Loss of water vapor through the stomata
A way of thermoregulation (cohesion tension
transpiration theory)
Xylem Transport
Transport of water from the xylem of the roots to the
xylem of the leaves to be used for photosynthesis. Cohesion tension transpiration theory
Stomata
Entry point of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
Passageway of water vapor in transpiration
Stomatal Apparatus