AT1033 ICT FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES

HISTORY OF
MALAYSIAN ICT

Baszley Bee B. Basrah Bee

School of Social Sciences
Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Lecture 2 (Part 2)
 Introduction
• Computer – has been used in Malaysia as early 1970s, specially from
the fourth generation type (1972-1984).
2. The advance in computer technology with telecommunications links
brought swift and sophisticated changes leading TELEKOM
Malaysia Berhad to introduced a new service called Datel in the year
1983, where computer users could use the public switched telephone
network for data communications.
3. UTM became the first institution to developed computer center in
1975.
4. 1984 – MAMPU developed ICT Plan and Policy
Section/Department.
5. 1985 – MIMOS emerged.
6. 1986 – PIKOM was created.
7. 1995 – MSC was launched.
8. 1996 – NITC, MDC & NITA was launched to ensure realization of
the MSC.
 MAMPU

MAMPU, Aras 6, Blok B2, Parcel B, Kompleks JPM,

Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62502
Putrajaya, Malaysia. Tel. 603 88881199, Faks: 603
88883201
 MAMPU ICT Section - Intro

• The Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and

Management Planning Unit (MAMPU) - established in May
1977 as an agency within the Prime Minister’s Department.
- entrusted to introducing administrative reforms in the
public sector which is to upgrade the quality, efficiency and
effectiveness of the Malaysian public service in accordance
with national goals.
- formulating ideas for administrative modernisation.
- as central agency to provides technical and management
expertise for the development of ICT in the public sector.
 MAMPU ICT Section - Role
- Currently is actively involved in the implementation of Electronic
Government (EG) – one of the seven flagships under the
Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) project.
- EG is a multimedia-networked paperless Government
administration that enables efficient and effective inter and intra
agency operations as well as facilitates both citizen and business
access to Government services.

Read Source:
http://www.mampu.gov.my/mampueng/Corporat/Introduction.ht
m
 MIMOS - Intro
• Established as the Malaysian Institute of
Microelectronic Systems (MIMOS) on 1 January
1985.
- In January 1995, MIMOS was appointed Secretariat
to the National IT Council (NITC.)
- 1 November 1996, MIMOS became corporatised as
MIMOS Berhad, that empowered with greater
flexibility to create value-added innovations for
industry, society and the nation.
- play role as the technology R&D organisation that
functions as an advisor to the Malaysian
Government on technologies, policies and business
development.
 MIMOS - Building

MIMOS Building in Technology Park

Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
 MIMOS – Internet Service Provider
- First to bring the Internet to Malaysians with the setting
up of the first ISP named JARING (www.jaring.my)
which was launched in 1991.
- It was the first ISP in Southeast Asia to install the T3/45
Megabytes per second (Mbps) line to speed-up Internet
access.
- In 1999, SuperJARING, the first Internet Protocol (IP)
based 2.5 Gigabytes per second (Gbps) nationwide
backbone in the world, was put in place.
 PIKOM - Intro

• the Association of the Computer and Multimedia

Industry, Malaysia (PIKOM) was formed in August 1986
- representing the information and communications
technology (ICT) industry in Malaysia.
- Its membership total 411, comprising companies involved
in a whole spectrum of ICT products and services which
commands 80 per cent of the total ICT trade in Malaysia.
- the objective is to creating an environment that is
conducive to the health, prosperity and competitive
nature of the ICT industry, that PIKOM aims to be a
catalyst for the growth of the ICT industry in Malaysia.
 NITC - Intro

• 28 February 1991, former PM, Tun Dr. Mahathir

Mohamad announced Vision 2020 - ultimate objective
to aim for is a Malaysia that is a fully developed
country by the year 2020.
- To developed a nation, particularly an “industrial
Malaysian society”.
- In conjunction, year 1995, MIMOS was given the role
to form the Nation Information Technology Council of
Malaysia (NITC).
- functions as the primary advisor and consultant to the
Government on matters pertaining to IT in Malaysia's
national development.
 NITC - Mission
• National IT Council (NITC.) was launched in January
1996.
- envisions an “Information-Rich Society” in line with the
Vision 2020.
- promotes the application and development of
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in
nation-building efforts.
- Providing an integrated platform for transformation
into the E-world.
- Determine the likely impact of IT on the economy and
society
- Explain and promote the potential of IT in transforming
societies in all its dimension.
 NITA - Intro

- In order to achieve NITC’s objectives, the National IT

Agenda (NITA) was launched in December 1996.
- To provides the foundation and framework for the
utilization of information and ICT to transform
Malaysia into a developed nation in our own mould
consistent with vision 2020.
- Focuses on the development of people, infostructure,
content and applications to create value; and provide
equity and access to all Malaysians, and to qualitatively
transform our society into a valuesbased knowledge
society by the year 2020.
- In conjunction, MSC was launched as one example of
the agenda by the NITA.
 NITA - Mission

People – comprehensive human

development

Access and Qualitative

equity Transformation
Values-base
knowledge society

Infostructure Application
information Age solutions for
development Information
Foundation Age work and
life
Creating Values
 MSC - Intro

• Under the NITA, year 1996 the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC)
was launched with objective to transform Malaysian sosciety into a
knowledge society.
- MSC is basically a green field "corridor” area which encompass 15
km wide and 50 km long. There are three main national landmarks
within: KLCC, PUTRAJAYA & KLIA.
 MSC - Role
• To provide ideal multimedia environment that attracts topflight
Malaysian and international IT and multimedia companies.
- In order to drive the development and growth of the MSC, seven
(7) MSC Flagship Application were launched:
3. Electronic Government
4. Multipurpose Card
5. Smart Schools
6. Telehealth
7. R&D Cluster
8. E-Businesss
9. Technopreneur Development.

Read source: http://www.mdc.com.my/flagship.asp#techdev

 MDC – Intro
• was established by the Government of Malaysia in 1996 to spearhead
the development and implementation of the MSC.
- To expedites all applications to locate or re-locate to the MSC by
local and multinational companies and responsible for the marketing
of the MSC, locally and globally.
- To shapes MSC-specific laws, policies and practices by advising the
Malaysian government and standardises MSC’s information
infrastructure and urban development.

MDC is dedicated to ensuring the MSC is the world’s best environment to harness the
full potential of ICT and multimedia technology.
 MDC – Implementation of MSC
• There are five (5) Cybercities within MSC, which
are administers by MDC to ensure that MSC
cybercities are always adopting the latest in
intelligent cities standards.

- The MSC cybercities, are:

4. Menara KL (1996)
5. Technology Park Malaysia (1996)
6. UPM-MTDC (1997)
7. KLCC (1997)
8. Cyberjaya (1998)
MSC - Cybeycities
 ICT at a Glance in Malaysia
YEAR
ICT INFRASTRUCTURE & ACCESS 1995 2002
Telephone mainlines Per 1,000 people 166 196
Telephone mainlines in largest city (per 1,000 people) 245 282
Telephone mainlines waiting list (thousand) 140 91
Telephone mainlines revenue per line ($) 761 958
Telephone mainlines cost of local call ($ per 3 minutes) 0.05 0.02
Mobile phones (Per 1,000 people) 50 314
International telecommunications - Outdoing traffic 111 146
(minutes per subscriber)
International telecommunications – Cost of call to U.S. - 2.37
($ Per 3 minutes)
Daily newspapers (Per 1,000 people) 136 158
Radios (Per 1,000 people) 422 420
Television sets (per 1,000 people) 169 201

Source: UNESCO & Development Data Group, World Bank

 ICT at a Glance in Malaysia

YEAR
COMPUTERS & INTERNET 1995 2002
Personal computer – Per 1,000 people 37.3 126.1
Personal computer – Installed in education (thousand) 31.4 121.9
Internet – Users (thousand) 40.0 6,500.0
Internet – Monthly off-peak access charges - 5.3
(Service provider charge, $)
Internet – Monthly off-peak access charges - 0.24
(Telephones usage charge, $)

YEAR
ICT EXPENDITURES 1995 2002
Total ICT ($, Millions) 4,438.0 6,325.0
ICT as % of GDP 5.0 6.6
ICT Per capita ($) 220.7 262.1

Source: UNESCO & Development Data Group, World Bank

 ICT at a Glance in Malaysia
YEAR
ICT BUSINESS & GOVERNMENT ENVIROMENT 1995 2002
(ratings from 1 to 7; 7 is highest or best)
Broadcasting internet access availability - 3.4
Local specialized IT service availability - 3.9
Competition in ISPs - 4.4
Government online service availability - 3.3
Laws relating to ICT use - 4.8
Government prioritization of ICT - 5.9
Secure server - 146

Source: UNESCO & Development Data Group, World Bank

 ICT at a Glance in Malaysia
140
120

100
80
PCs per 1,000 people
60
40

20
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Source: UNESCO & Development Data Group, World Bank