What are halides?

1.
Halides are binary compounds, which means that they are such chemical compounds, that are composed of exactly two different elements Halides always consist of halogen atom(s) (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine (from decay), ununseptium (synthetic) AND another element (or a radical Pl. rodnik), that is less electronegative than the halogen.

2.

3.

Make fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide , astatide compounds. Halides are sometimes defined as salts of hydrohalic acids (hydrogen halides)

4.

Halide ions are the halogen s atoms, which have negative charge. The halide anions are: fluoride (F ), chloride (Cl ), bromide (Br ), iodide (I ), astatide (At ). These ions are present in all ionic halide salts.

5.

Interesting fact: All metals from group 1 (Alkali metals) create halides with halogens and are white solids at room temperature.

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What do halides derive from?

Pic. 1 Presentation of the shape of the Periodic Table, emphasizing the group of halogens and relative atomic weights of some of them Source: http://www.proliberty.com/observer/halogens.jpg ; author is not known

Electronegativity
(ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself)

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

Hydrogen halides
acids resulting from the chemical reaction of hydrogen with one of the halogen elements

Example of halide Sodium Chloride

Formulae of halides of period 3 Naming halides of period 3

NaCl
Right halogen s element with given valence Left other element with given valence

NaCl
Sodium (element with electronegatibity lower than halogen atom) Chloride (the halogen atom, getting ide ending)

Examples of halide compounds are: sodium chloride (NaCl) potassium chloride (KCl) potassium iodide (KI) lithium chloride (LiCl) copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) silver chloride (AgCl) chlorine fluoride (ClF) NEXT

Bonding of the chlorides of period 3 elements

Eg. NaCl Ionic, due to difference of negativity always being over 1.8

For example AlCl3 is a small sized molecule having high charge density so chlorine atoms can not remove electrons from Aluminium but they share the electrons and complete their own octets.

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Reaction of chlorine with water

Cl2 + H2O

HOCl + HCl
This one is not a halide, but hypochlorous acid

Technically it s a halide!
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Uses of halides
1) mineralogy (classified by chemical properties)
1st class 2nd class 3rd class 4th class fluorides eg. Fluorite CaF2 chlorides eg. Carnallites KMgCl3 6H2O bromides eg. Bromargirite AgBr iodides eg. Iodobromite Ag(Br,Cl,I)

2) lighting
Metal halides are used in high-intensity discharge lamps called metal halide lamps, such as those used in modern street lights. These are more energy-efficient than mercury-vapor lamps, and have much better colour rendition than orange high-pressure sodium lamps. Metal halide lamps are also commonly used in greenhouses or in rainy climates to supplement natural sunlight. NEXT

pH of chlorides of period 3 elements

Chlorides = salts with Cl- anions

Weak acid, strong base = basic (alkali) salt Strong acid, weak base = acid salt

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Hydrolysis of covalent chlorides

Hydrolysis of AlCl3 AlCl3 + 3H2O----->Al(OH)3 + 3HCl Hydrolysis of SiCl4 SiCl4 + 2H2O -----> SiO2 + 4HCl Hydrolysis of PCl3 PCl3 + H20 --> H3PO3 + 3HCl Hydrolysis of PCl5 PCl5 + H20 --> H3PO4 + 5HCl

Bonus: Test for Halide ions

Halide compounds such as KCl, KBr and KI can be tested with silver nitrate solution, AgNO3. The halogen will react with Ag+ and form a precipitate, with colour as follows: AgF - No Precipitate AgCl - White AgBr - Creamy (Pale Yellow) AgI - Green(Yellow)

Thank you! you!